Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Methods of Conserving Forage
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Baled Hay Making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define forage and explain its importance
- Identify methods of conserving forage in coping with drought
- Show interest in forage conservation

- Describe baled hay as a method of conserving forage
- Explain the process of hay baling
- Appreciate the importance of baled hay in drought management

- Use digital or print resources to search for information on methods of conserving forage
- Share experiences on methods of conserving forage in coping with drought
- Discuss various methods of forage conservation
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on baled hay making
- Discuss the steps involved in hay baling
- Observe photographs or videos of baled hay

How can hay conservation contribute to coping with drought?
How is hay baled for conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Charts showing conserved hay
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 2
- Digital resources
- Photographs of baled hay

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Standing Forage
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Stacking Hay

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe standing forage as a method of conserving forage
- Identify types of standing forage
- Value the role of standing forage in drought management

- Use digital or print resources to search for information on standing forage
- Identify naturally growing forage that can be left for use during dry season
- Discuss the benefits of standing forage

What is standing forage and how does it help during drought?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 3
- Digital resources
- Photographs of standing forage
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 4
- Photographs of stacked hay

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Box Baling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials needed for baling hay
- Construct a hay baling box using locally available materials
- Demonstrate skill in constructing hay baling equipment

- Assemble materials needed for constructing a hay baling box
- Construct a hay baling box in groups
- Measure and cut materials to appropriate sizes

What materials are needed to construct a hay baling box?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 5
- Wooden pieces
- Measuring tape
- Hammer and nails

- Observation - Project work - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Box Baling Process
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Storage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare hay using the baling box
- Demonstrate the process of baling hay
- Show skill in hay baling

- Store baled hay appropriately
- Explain conditions necessary for proper hay storage
- Value proper storage of hay

- Harvest mature grass and leave it to dry
- Place dried grass in the baling box and compress it
- Tie the compressed hay with strings
- Store the baled hay in a dry shaded place
- Discuss conditions necessary for proper hay storage
- Share experiences on hay storage practices

How is hay baled using a baling box?
Why is proper storage of hay important?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 6
- Baling box
- Dried grass
- Sisal twine
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 7
- Baled hay
- Storage facility

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Adoption by Households

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how households can adopt conservation of forage
- Assist households in conserving forage
- Show interest in helping others adopt forage conservation

- Watch video clips on forage conservation methods used by farmers
- Discuss how to assist farmers in using different methods of forage conservation
- Role-play assisting households to conserve forage

How can households adopt forage conservation to cope with drought?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 8
- Video clips
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Explaining the Process
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Comparing Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain to others how to conserve hay
- Demonstrate various methods of hay conservation
- Show confidence in explaining hay conservation

- Explain to parents or guardians how hay can be conserved
- Describe methods of hay conservation
- Discuss how these methods help cope with drought

Why should we share information on hay conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 8
- Previous notes
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 7
- Digital resources

- Oral presentation - Peer assessment - Written notes

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Impact Assessment
Conserving Leftover Foods - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess the impact of hay conservation on drought management
- Evaluate the effectiveness of hay conservation methods
- Show responsibility in resource conservation

- Define leftover foods
- Explain the importance of conserving leftover foods at home
- Value the conservation of leftover foods

- Evaluate the effectiveness of different hay conservation methods
- Discuss the impact of hay conservation on drought management
- Suggest improvements to hay conservation methods
- Search for information on the importance of conserving leftover foods at home
- Share experiences on conserving leftover foods
- Discuss the importance of conserving leftover foods

How has hay conservation contributed to drought management?
How is leftover food prepared for use to prevent food wastage?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 8
- Previous notes
- Case studies
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 9
- Digital resources
- Resource person

- Written assessment - Group presentations - Self-assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Methods of Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of preparing leftover foods for consumption
- Describe proper storage of leftover foods
- Show interest in conserving leftover foods

- Discuss different methods of preparing leftover foods
- Demonstrate proper storage of leftover foods
- Share experiences on leftover food conservation

What methods are used to prepare leftover foods for consumption?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 10
- Digital resources
- Resource person

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Maize and Beans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare leftover maize and beans using reheating method
- Demonstrate skills in reheating leftover foods
- Value proper reheating of leftover foods

- Collect leftover maize and beans and other ingredients
- Prepare leftover maize and beans by reheating
- Serve the reheated food appropriately

How do we prepare leftover maize and beans by reheating?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 11
- Leftover maize and beans
- Cooking utensils
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Ugali
Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Tubers
Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Stew

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare leftover ugali using reheating method
- Demonstrate skills in reheating ugali
- Show creativity in preparing leftover ugali

- Prepare leftover beef or chicken stew by reheating
- Demonstrate skills in reheating stew
- Show creativity in enhancing flavor of reheated stew

- Collect leftover ugali and other ingredients
- Prepare leftover ugali to avoid wastage
- Serve the reheated ugali attractively
- Collect leftover stewed beef or chicken
- Prepare leftover stew by reheating
- Add ingredients to enhance flavor

How can we prepare leftover ugali to avoid food wastage?
How can we prepare leftover beef or chicken stew by reheating?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 12
- Leftover ugali
- Cooking utensils
- Heat source
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 13
- Leftover tubers
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 14
- Leftover stew
- Cooking utensils
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Rice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare leftover rice by reheating
- Demonstrate skills in reheating rice
- Show creativity in enhancing reheated rice

- Collect leftover rice and other ingredients
- Prepare leftover rice by reheating
- Serve reheated rice attractively

How can we prepare leftover rice by reheating?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 15
- Leftover rice
- Cooking utensils
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating Meat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare leftover roast or fried meat by reheating
- Demonstrate skills in reheating meat
- Show creativity in preparing leftover meat

- Collect leftover roasted or fried meat
- Prepare leftover meat by reheating
- Serve reheated meat attractively

How can we prepare leftover roasted or fried meat by reheating?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 16
- Leftover meat
- Cooking utensils
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - New Recipes from Meat
Conserving Leftover Foods - New Recipes from Ugali
Conserving Leftover Foods - Recipe Presentations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare another recipe from leftover meat
- Create meat risotto using leftover meat
- Apply creativity in developing new recipes

- Prepare another recipe from leftover ugali
- Create new dishes using leftover ugali
- Apply creativity in food preparation

- Collect leftover meat and other ingredients
- Prepare meat risotto using leftover meat
- Serve the dish attractively
- Collect leftover ugali and other ingredients
- Prepare a new recipe using leftover ugali
- Serve the dish attractively

How can we prepare leftover meat by creating another recipe?
How can we prepare leftover ugali by introducing a new recipe?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 17
- Leftover meat
- Rice and other ingredients
- Cooking utensils
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 19
- Leftover ugali
- Other ingredients
- Cooking utensils
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 20
- Manila paper
- Previous notes

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Promoting Usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Promote the use of leftover foods in households
- Assist households in preparing leftover foods
- Show responsibility in minimizing food wastage

- Visit neighboring households to identify leftover foods
- Assist households in preparing leftover foods
- Discuss the importance of preparing leftover foods

How can we promote the use of leftover foods in households?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 22
- Resource person
- School administration

- Observation - Field reports - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Leftover Foods - Home Project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a project for preparing leftover foods at home
- Implement the project for preparing leftover foods
- Show initiative in food conservation

- Identify an occasion when family will have guests
- Plan to prepare leftover foods for the occasion
- Report on the implementation of the project

How can leftover foods be utilized for special occasions at home?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 22
- Project planning tools
- Previous notes

- Project report - Oral presentation - Assessment rubrics

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Components
Integrated Farming - Rabbit-Fish Integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define integrated farming
- Identify components of integrated farming
- Show interest in integrated farming

- Describe rabbit-fish integration
- Explain the relationship between components
- Appreciate the benefits of rabbit-fish integration

- Visit a nearby farm practicing integrated farming
- Identify components of integrated farming
- Study how components relate to each other
- Use digital or print resources to research rabbit-fish integration
- Discuss how rabbit droppings provide nutrients for fish
- Explain benefits of this integration

How can integrated farming conserve resources?
How does rabbit-fish integration help in resource conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 23
- Digital resources
- Nearby farm
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 24
- Digital resources
- Charts and diagrams

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment
- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Poultry-Fish Integration
Integrated Farming - Fish-Vegetable Integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe poultry-fish integration
- Explain the relationship between components
- Appreciate the benefits of poultry-fish integration

- Use digital or print resources to research poultry-fish integration
- Discuss how poultry droppings provide nutrients for fish
- Explain benefits of this integration

How does poultry-fish integration help in resource conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 25
- Digital resources
- Charts and diagrams

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Designing a Model

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a model to illustrate integrated farming components
- Show creativity in model design
- Value the principles of integrated farming

- Use digital and print resources to search for information on integrated farming models
- Design a model to illustrate integrated farming components
- Share designs with classmates

How can we design a model to illustrate the components of integrated farming?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 26
- Digital resources
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Design assessment - Peer review

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Making a Model
Integrated Farming - Model Presentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a model of integrated farming
- Demonstrate skills in model making
- Show creativity in illustrating farming components

- Present integrated farming model
- Explain components and their relationships
- Show confidence in presenting ideas

- Source materials for making integrated farming model
- Construct model according to design
- Label parts of the model
- Display integrated farming model
- Present model to class
- Explain components and relationships

How can we make a model to illustrate the components of integrated farming?
How do the components of integrated farming relate to each other?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 27
- Manila papers
- Cartons
- Glue and scissors
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 28
- Completed models
- Presentation space

- Project work - Observation - Assessment rubrics
- Oral presentation - Peer assessment - Teacher assessment

Conservation of Resources

Integrated Farming - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of integrated farming
- Relate integrated farming to resource conservation
- Appreciate the benefits of integrated farming

- Use digital or print resources to research importance of integrated farming
- Discuss how integrated farming conserves resources
- Make presentations on findings

Why is integrated farming important in resource conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 29
- Digital resources
- Presentation materials

- Oral questions - Written reports - Presentations

Conservation of Resources
Food Production Processes

Integrated Farming - Home Project
Organic Gardening - Practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify integrated farming practices at home
- Explain relationships between components
- Value integrated farming practices

- Identify integrated farming practices at home
- Describe the type of integration identified
- Explain relationships between components

What integrated farming practices can be implemented at home?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 29
- Home environment
- Observation guide
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Resource person

- Project report - Oral presentation - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Organic Manure
Organic Gardening - Green Manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define organic manure
- Identify different types of organic manure
- Value the use of organic manure

- Define green manure
- Prepare green manure
- Show interest in green manuring

- Search for information on organic manure
- Discuss different types of organic manure
- Compare organic manure with chemical fertilizers
- Select a suitable site for green manuring
- Grow a non-food crop for green manure
- Incorporate the crop into the soil at flowering stage

Why is organic manure preferred in organic gardening?
How can we prepare green manure?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 31
- Digital resources
- Samples of organic manure
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 32
- Farm site
- Seeds for green manure crops
- Farm tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written test
- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Organic Pesticides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define organic pesticides
- Identify materials for preparing organic pesticides
- Show interest in organic pest control

- Research materials used in preparing organic pesticides
- Identify plants that can be used for organic pesticide preparation
- Collect materials for preparing organic pesticides

How can we prepare organic pesticides?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 33
- Digital resources
- Plant materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Marigold Spray

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare organic pesticides from marigold
- Demonstrate skills in pesticide preparation
- Value organic pest control methods

- Collect Mexican marigold weed at flowering stage
- Prepare organic pesticide from marigold
- Demonstrate use of the pesticide

How effective are marigold sprays as organic pesticides?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 34
- Mexican marigold plants
- Containers for preparation
- Water

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Chili Spray
Organic Gardening - Organic Foliar Feed
Organic Gardening - Plant-Based Foliar Feed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare organic pesticides from chili
- Demonstrate skills in pesticide preparation
- Value organic pest control methods

- Prepare organic foliar feed from plants
- Demonstrate skills in foliar feed preparation
- Value organic plant nutrition

- Collect and chop chili fruits
- Prepare organic pesticide from chili
- Demonstrate use of the pesticide
- Prepare organic foliar feed from Mexican sunflower
- Chop leaves and ferment in water
- Stir periodically to extract nutrients

How effective are chili sprays as organic pesticides?
How effective are plant-based foliar feeds?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 35
- Chili fruits
- Containers for preparation
- Water
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 36
- Digital resources
- Resource person
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 37
- Plant materials
- Containers
- Water

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Animal-Based Foliar Feed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare organic foliar feed from animal waste
- Demonstrate skills in foliar feed preparation
- Value recycling of animal waste

- Prepare organic foliar feed from animal manure
- Suspend manure in water for nutrient extraction
- Stir periodically to extract nutrients

How effective are animal-based foliar feeds?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 38
- Animal manure
- Gunny bag
- Containers
- Water

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Site Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select and prepare a site for organic gardening
- Demonstrate skills in site preparation
- Show interest in organic crop production

- Select a site for organic gardening
- Clear the site and prepare beds
- Apply organic manure to the beds

How do we prepare a site for organic gardening?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 39
- Garden site
- Farm tools
- Organic manure

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Crop Selection and Planting
Organic Gardening - Crop Management
Organic Gardening - Crop Care

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select suitable crops for organic gardening
- Plant selected crops using organic practices
- Value organic crop production

- Manage crops using organic practices
- Control weeds, pests and diseases organically
- Show skill in organic crop management

- Select short-season crops like vegetables or legumes
- Use untreated seeds or seedlings
- Plant crops in prepared beds
- Control weeds using mechanical methods
- Apply organic pesticides to control pests and diseases
- Apply organic foliar feed to crops

What crops are suitable for organic gardening?
How do we manage crops using organic gardening practices?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 40
- Organic seeds/seedlings
- Garden site
- Planting tools
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 41
- Organic pesticides
- Organic foliar feed
- Weeding tools
- KLB Top Scholar pg. 42
- Organic garden
- Organic inputs
- Monitoring tools

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Harvesting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Harvest organically grown crops properly
- Determine crop maturity for harvesting
- Show skill in harvesting techniques

- Determine when crops are ready for harvest
- Harvest crops at the right time
- Handle harvested produce carefully

When and how should we harvest organically grown crops?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 43
- Mature organic crops
- Harvesting tools
- Storage containers

- Observation - Practical assessment - Assessment rubrics

Food Production Processes

Organic Gardening - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of organic gardening
- Discuss benefits of organic foods
- Appreciate organic food production

- Research importance of organic gardening
- Discuss health benefits of organic foods
- Share experiences on organic gardening

Why is organic gardening important in production of healthy foods?

- KLB Top Scholar pg. 44
- Digital resources
- Previous notes

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Presentations