DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Definition of demand, effective demand and law of demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define demand and effective demand with examples
-Distinguish between desire and demand using real scenarios
-Explain purchasing power concept and its importance
-State the law of demand with detailed explanation
-Identify and explain ceteris paribus assumption
-Apply law of demand to various commodity examples

- Brainstorming on demand meaning using market scenarios
-Group discussions on desire vs demand with case studies
-Analysis of purchasing power using local examples
-Guided discovery of law of demand through price experiments
-Role play: buyer behavior at different price levels
-Practical applications using bread, milk, transport examples

Textbook, charts, local commodity examples, market scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 1-3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Demand schedule, demand curve and interpretation
Factors influencing demand - comprehensive analysis
Movement along demand curve vs shift in demand curve
Types of demand with detailed examples and applications
Meaning of supply, law of supply and supply schedule
Supply curve and factors influencing supply
Movement along supply curve, shift in supply curve and types of supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare individual and market demand schedules
-Interpret demand schedule data and relationships
-Draw demand curves from demand schedules
-Explain downward sloping nature of demand curves
-Plot and identify specific points on demand curves
-Compare individual vs market demand curves
-Analyze Table 1.1 bread example in detail

- Define joint demand with comprehensive examples
-Explain derived demand with industrial applications
-Describe composite demand with multiple uses
-Identify competitive demand with substitute examples
-Analyze relationships between different demand types
-Apply demand types to Kenyan economic scenarios
-Examine how demand types affect pricing
-Discuss implications for producers and consumers
-Create demand type classification charts

- Practical preparation of demand schedules using textbook data
-Step-by-step construction of demand curves
-Analysis and interpretation of Table 1.1
-Guided plotting of Figure 1.2 with explanations
-Group work on creating different demand schedules
-Calculations and graph work with various commodities
-Discussion on slope significance and market implications

- Detailed analysis of joint demand (tea-sugar, bread-butter)
-Case studies on derived demand (machinery-raw materials)
-Discussion on composite demand (cotton for blankets/clothes)
-Analysis of competitive demand (matatus vs buses)
-Group work creating demand type examples
-Role play showing different demand relationships
-Construction of demand type classification charts
-Practical applications to local business scenarios

Textbook, graph papers, rulers, calculators, Table 1.1 data
Textbook, case studies, examples of complementary goods, cultural scenarios
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figure 1.3 and 1.4
Textbook, charts, local examples, case studies, Figure 1.5
Textbook, calculators, Table 1.2 data, charts, supplier examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, Figure 1.6, case studies, technology examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.7 and 1.8, agricultural examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 3-4
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 5-6

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity and market analysis
Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define equilibrium price and quantity concepts
-Explain equilibrium point in market context
-Use combined demand and supply schedules
-Determine equilibrium from Table 1.3 pen example
-Draw combined demand-supply curves
-Identify equilibrium point graphically
-Analyze Figure 1.9 in comprehensive detail
-Explain market stability and price mechanism
-Calculate equilibrium values from different scenarios

- Detailed analysis of Table 1.3 pen example
-Step-by-step calculations for equilibrium determination
-Guided construction of combined demand-supply curves
-Analysis of Figure 1.9 with intersection point identification
-Discussion on market stability and forces
-Practical exercises with different commodity examples
-Group work on equilibrium calculations
-Role play: market reaching equilibrium

Textbook, calculators, graph papers, rulers, Table 1.3 data, Figure 1.9
Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 10-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in demand on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand increase effects
-Examine effects of decrease in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand decrease effects
-Compare increase vs decrease effects
-Predict new equilibrium positions
-Apply to real market situations with examples

- Guided analysis of demand increase using Figure 1.10
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward demand shift
-Analysis of price rising from OP₁ to OP₂
-Examination of quantity increase from OQ₁ to OQ₂
-Detailed analysis of demand decrease using Figure 1.11
-Drawing of leftward demand shift
-Discussion on lowering effects on price and quantity
-Comparison exercises between increase and decrease
-Practical applications to consumer behavior changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.10 and 1.11

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 12-14

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in supply on equilibrium
Simultaneous changes in demand and supply
Other price determination methods and pertinent issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of supply curve impacts
-Understand mixed effects on price and quantity
-Examine effects of decrease in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of supply curve impacts
-Draw detailed diagrams showing supply change effects
-Compare supply increase vs decrease effects
-Predict equilibrium changes for each scenario
-Apply to production and market scenarios

- Identify alternative price determination methods
-Explain government price control mechanisms
-Describe manufacturer price fixing approaches
-Analyze cost-plus pricing and profit margin considerations
-Define hoarding and overpricing practices
-Explain artificial shortage creation
-Analyze unscrupulous trading practices
-Discuss customer supremacy and business ethics
-Examine honest vs dishonest business practices

- Guided analysis of supply increase using Figure 1.12
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward supply shift
-Analysis of price falling due to excess supply
-Examination of quantity increase due to more supply
-Detailed analysis of supply decrease using Figure 1.13
-Drawing of leftward supply shift
-Discussion on price rising due to shortage
-Analysis of quantity decrease due to less supply
-Comparison exercises and practical applications

- Discussion on government price control in Kenya
-Case studies on controlled commodity prices
-Analysis of cost-plus pricing calculations
-Examination of hoarding practices and effects
-Discussion on artificial shortage creation
-Case studies on overpricing and customer exploitation
-Analysis of undercutting and monopolistic behavior
-Group work on business ethics and customer value
-Role play: honest vs unscrupulous business practices

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.12 and 1.13
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17
Textbook, case studies, government pricing examples, business ethics scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 14-16

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Concept of firm and industry, factors determining size of firm
Factors limiting firm size and production decisions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define firm and industry with comprehensive examples
-Distinguish between firm and industry using local examples
-Identify and explain factors determining firm size
-Analyze number of employees as size determinant
-Examine volume of output and area covered
-Evaluate capital investment and market size factors
-Assess level of technology impact on firm size
-Classify firms as small, medium or large using criteria

- Brainstorming on firm vs industry concepts
-Case studies on sugar companies (Mumias, Sony, Chemelil)
-Analysis of salt mining firms (Magadi Soda Company)
-Group work on transport industry examples
-Discussion on employee numbers in different firms
-Examination of output volumes and premises size
-Analysis of capital investment requirements
-Classification exercises using local business examples

Textbook, local business examples, charts, case studies
Textbook, transport industry examples, service business cases, charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 18-19

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Government policies and location factors - comprehensive analysis
Transport networks, security and localization concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze government policy effects on production
-Examine taxation and legal compliance requirements
-Identify and explain factors influencing firm location
-Analyze nearness to raw materials importance
-Examine supply of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labor
-Discuss nearness to market considerations
-Evaluate availability of social amenities
-Assess auxiliary services and infrastructure needs
-Examine fuel, power and water source requirements

- Discussion on government tax policies and regulations
-Case studies on illegal product restrictions
-Analysis of location factors using Figure 2.1
-Examination of heavy materials transport costs
-Discussion on perishable goods location needs
-Group work on labor type requirements
-Analysis of social amenities for employee morale
-Case studies on banking and insurance services
-Discussion on power and water availability

Textbook, government policy examples, Figure 2.1, infrastructure maps
Textbook, transport maps, security examples, agricultural cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 20-22

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Advantages and disadvantages of localization
Delocalisation policy and implementation
Advantages and disadvantages of delocalisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain employment creation through localization
-Analyze service industries development benefits
-Examine subsidiary industries creation
-Discuss economies of scale benefits
-Evaluate development and urbanization advantages
-Analyze congestion and overpopulation problems
-Examine increased crime rate issues
-Discuss adverse environmental problems
-Evaluate unbalanced regional development effects
-Assess massive unemployment possibilities

- Define delocalisation and balanced industrial development
-Identify circumstances requiring delocalisation policy
-Analyze need to curb urban migration
-Examine urban unemployment reduction strategies
-Discuss balanced economic development goals
-Evaluate government facilitation measures
-Analyze provision of free/cheap locational sites
-Examine tax benefits and bureaucracy removal
-Discuss infrastructure development and security improvement
-Evaluate corruption eradication and transparency measures

- Discussion on employment opportunities creation
-Analysis of specialized service industries growth
-Case studies on subsidiary industries development
-Group work on large-scale production benefits
-Examination of infrastructure development
-Discussion on rural-urban migration effects
-Analysis of congestion and health hazards
-Case studies on crime and prostitution increases
-Examination of environmental pollution problems
-Discussion on regional development imbalances

- Discussion on delocalisation concept and policy
-Analysis of urban migration problems
-Case studies on unemployment in urban areas
-Group work on balanced development strategies
-Examination of government incentive measures
-Discussion on free sites provision in rural areas
-Analysis of tax reduction benefits
-Case studies on bureaucracy removal
-Examination of infrastructure development needs
-Discussion on transparency in business transactions

Textbook, employment data, environmental examples, urban planning cases
Textbook, government policy documents, rural development cases
Textbook, rural development examples, cost-benefit analysis

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 23-24
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 24-25

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Economies of scale - internal economies comprehensive analysis
External economies and specialization benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economies of scale and their importance
-Distinguish between internal and external economies
-Analyze purchasing economies and bulk buying benefits
-Examine technical economies and specialized machinery
-Discuss staff economies and specialized personnel
-Evaluate financial economies and access to capital
-Analyze selling and marketing economies
-Examine staff welfare economies and employee benefits
-Discuss research economies and development benefits
-Evaluate inventory and transport economies

- Definition and explanation of economies concept
-Analysis of bulk purchasing discounts
-Case studies on specialized machinery benefits
-Discussion on specialized staff advantages
-Examination of asset-based borrowing capacity
-Group work on marketing advantages
-Analysis of employee welfare provision
-Case studies on research and development
-Discussion on inventory management benefits
-Examination of transport cost advantages

Textbook, business examples, machinery illustrations, financial cases
Textbook, industry examples, infrastructure maps, specialization cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25-27

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Diseconomies of scale - internal and external

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define diseconomies of scale and their causes
-Analyze Figure 2.2 LAC curve and diminishing returns
-Examine internal diseconomies affecting single firms
-Discuss marketing diseconomies and limited markets
-Analyze management diseconomies and complexity
-Examine factor market diseconomies and shortages
-Discuss overhead diseconomies and rising costs
-Evaluate technical diseconomies and capacity utilization
-Analyze external diseconomies affecting all firms
-Examine congestion, raw material and skilled labor shortages

- Analysis of Figure 2.2 and cost curve explanation
-Discussion on average cost increases
-Case studies on marketing difficulties
-Examination of management complexity problems
-Group work on factor shortage effects
-Analysis of overhead cost increases
-Discussion on equipment underutilization
-Case studies on industry-wide problems
-Examination of congestion and traffic costs
-Discussion on power shortages and rationing

Textbook, Figure 2.2, cost analysis examples, industry cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 28-29

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Existence of small firms and their advantages
Environmental impact and health implications
Maintaining healthy environment and business responsibility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze reasons for small firm survival
-Examine less capital requirements for small firms
-Discuss limited market suitability for small operations
-Evaluate simplicity of small firm management
-Analyze personalized service advantages
-Examine flexibility benefits of small firms
-Discuss quick decision-making advantages
-Evaluate convenient location benefits
-Compare small vs large firm advantages
-Assess market conditions favoring small firms

- Identify ways to maintain healthy environment
-Analyze business responsibility to society
-Examine environmental conservation for future generations
-Discuss value addition to environment concept
-Evaluate general cleanliness and hygiene maintenance
-Analyze pollution control measures
-Examine appropriate farming and technology use
-Discuss afforestation and re-afforestation activities
-Evaluate appropriate mining and fishing techniques
-Assess environmental law observance requirements

- Discussion on small firm survival factors
-Analysis of capital requirement differences
-Case studies on Kenyan market limitations
-Examination of management simplicity
-Group work on personal contact benefits
-Discussion on business flexibility advantages
-Analysis of decision-making speed
-Case studies on convenient customer locations
-Comparison exercises between firm sizes
-Examination of developing country markets

- Discussion on business environmental responsibility
-Analysis of environmental conservation importance
-Case studies on value addition to environment
-Group work on cleanliness maintenance methods
-Examination of pollution control techniques
-Discussion on appropriate farming methods
-Analysis of afforestation programs
-Case studies on sustainable mining practices
-Examination of environmental law compliance
-Discussion on protective equipment provision

Textbook, small business examples, market analysis, comparison charts
Textbook, environmental examples, health data, pollution cases
Textbook, environmental conservation examples, law documents

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 29-30
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Pertinent issues - workers' rights and child labor
Environmental degradation, localization effects and practical applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze workers' rights and human rights issues
-Examine exploitative labor practices
-Discuss meager wages and salary problems
-Evaluate employee morale and productivity effects
-Analyze industrial disturbances and strikes
-Examine fair treatment and welfare policies
-Discuss conducive work environment creation
-Evaluate women's workplace protection
-Analyze child labor exploitation problems
-Examine Children's Act and legal compliance

- Discussion on workers' rights violations
-Analysis of exploitative wage practices
-Case studies on industrial strikes
-Group work on employee welfare policies
-Examination of work environment improvement
-Discussion on women's workplace rights
-Analysis of child labor prohibition
-Case studies on Children's Act compliance
-Examination of education opportunity denial
-Discussion on ethical labor practices

Textbook, labor law documents, case studies, Children's Act
Textbook, environmental cases, urban planning examples, assessment materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

PRODUCT MARKETS

Introduction and meaning of market
Essential features and product market definition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market in different contexts and applications
-Distinguish between market as meeting place and geographical area
-Explain market as price/business rate concept
-Identify essential features of any market
-Analyze contact between sellers and buyers

- Brainstorming on different market meanings
-Discussion on market contexts and applications
-Analysis of market as meeting place vs area
-Group work on essential market features
-Case studies on seller-buyer contact

Textbook, market examples, charts
Textbook, market scenarios, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40

PRODUCT MARKETS

Types of product markets overview
Pure competition - sellers, buyers and products
Pure competition - restraints and factor mobility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify four main product market types
-Introduce perfect competition concept
-Outline pure monopoly characteristics
-Describe monopolistic competition features
-Explain oligopoly market structure

- Explain many sellers and buyers concept
-Analyze individual seller/buyer market impact
-Define homogeneous products
-Examine product similarity requirements
-Discuss buyer preference absence

- Overview of all market types
-Introduction to market structure concepts
-Discussion on market characteristics
-Group work on type identification
-Preliminary analysis of each structure

- Discussion on many sellers/buyers
-Analysis of individual market impact
-Case studies on homogeneous products
-Group work on product similarity
-Examination of buyer indifference

Textbook, market structure charts, examples
Textbook, competition examples, product cases
Textbook, factor examples, mobility cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pure competition - costs and market knowledge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze absence of transport costs
-Examine complete market knowledge
-Discuss information availability
-Evaluate no excess demand/supply
-Assess barriers to entry/exit absence

- Discussion on transport cost absence
-Analysis of complete knowledge
-Case studies on information flow
-Group work on market equilibrium
-Examination of entry/exit freedom

Textbook, transport examples, information cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Perfect competition vs pure competition
Criticism of perfect competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish perfect from pure competition
-Analyze degree differences
-Examine adjustment time differences
-Discuss economic analysis purposes
-Evaluate theoretical importance

- Discussion on competition distinctions
-Analysis of adjustment mechanisms
-Case studies on market adjustments
-Group work on theoretical purposes
-Examination of economic analysis

Textbook, comparison charts, theory examples
Textbook, criticism examples, reality cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopoly definition and characteristics
Causes of monopoly - ownership and technical factors
Causes of monopoly - market and business factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define monopoly market structure
-Identify single producer characteristic
-Analyze price fixing by supplier
-Examine substitute product absence
-Discuss entry restrictions and price discrimination

- Analyze market size limitations
-Examine government restrictions
-Discuss firm merging effects
-Evaluate restrictive practices
-Assess business combination impacts

- Discussion on monopoly definition
-Analysis of single producer effects
-Case studies on monopoly pricing
-Group work on substitute analysis
-Examination of price discrimination

- Discussion on market size effects
-Analysis of government protection
-Case studies on firm mergers
-Group work on restrictive practices
-Examination of business combinations

Textbook, monopoly examples, Figure 3.1
Textbook, ownership examples, capital cases
Textbook, market examples, merger cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43-44

PRODUCT MARKETS

Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly
Monopolistic competition - definition and features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify massive profit advantages
-Analyze government revenue benefits
-Examine price stability benefits
-Discuss poor quality problems
-Evaluate limited variety and exorbitant pricing

- Discussion on monopoly advantages
-Analysis of government revenue
-Case studies on price stability
-Group work on quality problems
-Examination of pricing issues

Textbook, advantage/disadvantage examples
Textbook, competition examples, Kenyan cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - product differentiation
Monopolistic competition - operations and interdependence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze product differentiation methods
-Examine color, taste, smell variations
-Discuss shape, texture, packaging
-Evaluate brand attachment creation
-Assess advertising and price control

- Discussion on differentiation methods
-Analysis of variation techniques
-Case studies on product variations
-Group work on brand attachment
-Examination of advertising effects

Textbook, differentiation examples, brand cases
Textbook, operation examples, competition cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45-46

PRODUCT MARKETS

Oligopoly - definition and characteristics
Oligopoly features - market control and products
Oligopoly - collusion and kinked demand curve

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define oligopoly market structure
-Identify few large firms characteristic
-Analyze significant activity impact
-Examine rivalry and interdependence
-Discuss duopoly as special case

- Analyze market share control
-Examine pricing and output interdependence
-Distinguish differentiated vs pure oligopoly
-Discuss product homogeneity/differentiation
-Evaluate substitute relationships

- Discussion on oligopoly definition
-Analysis of few large firms
-Case studies on market impact
-Group work on interdependence
-Examination of duopoly examples

- Discussion on market control
-Analysis of interdependence effects
-Case studies on oligopoly types
-Group work on product characteristics
-Examination of sugar market example

Textbook, oligopoly examples, rivalry cases
Textbook, control examples, sugar market cases
Textbook, collusion examples, Figure 3.2, graph papers

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47

PRODUCT MARKETS

Kinked demand curve analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze price increase effects
-Examine demand decrease consequences
-Discuss consumer switching behavior
-Evaluate price decrease effects
-Assess competitor response patterns

- Discussion on price change effects
-Analysis of demand elasticity
-Case studies on consumer behavior
-Group work on competitor responses
-Examination of price stability

Textbook, price examples, elasticity cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - monopoly insensitivity and hoarding
Pertinent issues - government protection and liberalization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze customer insensitivity problems
-Examine impersonal service attitudes
-Discuss hoarding and overcharging
-Evaluate artificial shortage creation
-Assess "take it or leave it" mentality

- Discussion on monopoly problems
-Analysis of customer treatment
-Case studies on hoarding practices
-Group work on artificial shortages
-Examination of service attitudes

Textbook, monopoly cases, hoarding examples
Textbook, protection examples, liberalization cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - cartels and overcharging
Pertinent issues - business integrity and honest practices
Pertinent issues - product differentiation and advertising

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cartel operations
-Analyze matatu operator examples
-Examine petroleum product sellers
-Discuss disproportionate price increases
-Evaluate new entrant prevention

- Analyze differentiation problems
-Examine customer retention strategies
-Discuss misleading advertisements
-Evaluate false information problems
-Assess honest advertising practices

- Discussion on cartel practices
-Analysis of matatu operations
-Case studies on petroleum cartels
-Group work on pricing patterns
-Examination of market barriers

- Discussion on differentiation issues
-Analysis of advertising problems
-Case studies on misleading ads
-Group work on honest advertising
-Examination of ethical marketing

Textbook, cartel examples, matatu cases, petroleum industry
Textbook, integrity examples, ethical cases
Textbook, advertising examples, marketing cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Meaning of distribution and process
Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define distribution and explain its derivation
-Analyze the wide range of distribution activities
-Examine material handling, storage, packaging and transportation
-Explain how distribution bridges producer-consumer gap
-Describe the process from production to consumption
-Identify the role of intermediaries in distribution

- Discussion on distribution meaning and activities
-Analysis of material handling and storage
-Case studies on packaging and transportation
-Group work on producer-consumer gap
-Examination of distribution process
-Role play on intermediary functions

Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials
Textbook, trader examples, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze export merchants and their operations
-Examine import merchants and direct importers
-Discuss stockist distributors and specialization
-Evaluate merchant traders' market assistance
-Analyze skilled staff employment by stockists
-Examine after-sale services provision

- Discussion on export/import operations
-Analysis of merchant trader functions
-Case studies on stockist specialization
-Group work on market assistance
-Examination of after-sale services
-Practical examples of merchant operations

Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers
Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers
Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution
Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define commission agents and their functions
-Analyze del credere commission agents
-Examine factors and their ownership characteristics
-Discuss auctioneers and competitive bidding
-Analyze local representatives and appointments
-Evaluate trading agents' commission systems

- Summarize intermediaries' comprehensive roles
-Analyze purchase, sorting, grading and packaging
-Examine clearance and supply facilitation
-Define channels of distribution
-Analyze Figure 4.2 chain of distribution
-Discuss interrelated functions in chains

- Discussion on commission agent operations
-Analysis of del credere agents
-Case studies on factor operations
-Group work on auction processes
-Examination of Figure 4.1 auctioneer
-Practical examples of trading agents

- Discussion on intermediary roles
-Analysis of comprehensive functions
-Case studies on chain formation
-Group work on Figure 4.2 analysis
-Examination of function relationships
-Practical examples of distribution chains

Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples
Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases
Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples
Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43-44
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45-46

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Four-level channels and product distribution patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze four-level channel complexity
-Examine agricultural produce distribution
-Discuss farmer-cooperative-board-retailer chains
-Analyze locally produced agricultural goods
-Examine locally manufactured goods distribution
-Evaluate imported goods distribution patterns

- Discussion on four-level channels
-Analysis of Figures 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
-Case studies on agricultural marketing
-Group work on manufacturing distribution
-Examination of import channels
-Practical examples of all product types

Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors
Product nature and market development factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze factors in channel selection
-Examine cost considerations in channel choice
-Discuss availability of distribution channels
-Evaluate business objectives and policies
-Analyze unique product presentation needs
-Examine relationship between policies and channels

- Discussion on channel selection factors
-Analysis of cost-benefit considerations
-Case studies on channel availability
-Group work on business objectives
-Examination of policy alignment
-Practical examples of channel choice

Textbook, channel selection examples
Textbook, product examples, market cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors
Choice of specific intermediary within channels
Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze financial strength impact on channels
-Examine reputation and goodwill effects
-Discuss competitor channel performance
-Evaluate consumer factors in channel choice
-Analyze transport and communication networks
-Examine financial support from channel operators

- Analyze extent of coverage requirements
-Examine continuity guarantee importance
-Discuss intermediary reputation factors
-Evaluate other products handled
-Analyze effectiveness and reliability
-Examine credibility and trading standards

- Discussion on financial considerations
-Analysis of reputation effects
-Case studies on competitive channels
-Group work on consumer factors
-Examination of infrastructure impact
-Practical examples of support mechanisms

- Discussion on intermediary selection
-Analysis of coverage requirements
-Case studies on reputation factors
-Group work on effectiveness measures
-Examination of reliability factors
-Practical examples of selection criteria

Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases
Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases
Textbook, health examples, safety cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50-51
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Child labor and environmental degradation issues
Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices
Learning activities, research and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze child labor temptations in distribution
-Examine under-age employment illegality
-Discuss children's rights violations
-Analyze environmental degradation from trucks
-Examine pollution from distribution activities
-Evaluate proper worker employment practices

- Discussion on child labor issues
-Analysis of rights violations
-Case studies on environmental damage
-Group work on pollution prevention
-Examination of proper employment
-Practical examples of responsible practices

Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases
Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases
Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52