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Biology
Form 3 2026
TERM I
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
ECOLOGY
Concepts of ecology.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To differentiate between autecology and synecology.
Define various concepts used in ecology.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts and explains their underlying meanings.
text book
KLB BK III. P 33 CERTIFICATE PG36
2 2-3
ECOLOGY
Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.
text book
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38
2 4
ECOLOGY
Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.
text book
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38
2 5
ECOLOGY
Measuring abiotic factors.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To measure abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
Group activities- Measuring temperature, humidity, pH.
Answering related questions.
Thermometers
pH meter e.t.c.
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG39
3 1
ECOLOGY
Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition.
To interpret graphs representing competition between two species.
To define an ecological niche and a habitat.
Teacher exposes new concepts.


Teacher leads in interpreting graphs showing competition.

Q/A: Deductions from graphs.
Chart , graphs.
KLB BK III. P 35. CERTIFICATE PG 50
3 2-3
ECOLOGY
Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition.
To interpret graphs representing competition between two species.
To define an ecological niche and a habitat.
Teacher exposes new concepts.


Teacher leads in interpreting graphs showing competition.

Q/A: Deductions from graphs.
Chart , graphs.
KLB BK III. P 35. CERTIFICATE PG 50
3 4
ECOLOGY
- Predation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a predator and a prey.
To describe adaptive characteristics of various predators.
Q/A: Pairs of predators and preys.
Discussion: Adaptive characteristics of leopards, hawks, praying mantis, lions, e.t.c
text book
KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 51
3 5
ECOLOGY
- Predation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a predator and a prey.
To describe adaptive characteristics of various predators.
Q/A: Pairs of predators and preys.
Discussion: Adaptive characteristics of leopards, hawks, praying mantis, lions, e.t.c
text book
KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 51
4 1
ECOLOGY
- Parasitism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To distinguish parasitism from predation.
To differentiate between endoparasites and ectoparasites.
To identify adaptive features of parasites.
Q/A: Pairs of parasites and hosts.
Examine specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.
Discuss economic importance of parasites.
Specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.
KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 53
4 2-3
ECOLOGY
- Symbiosis and Saprophytism.
The Nitrogen cycle.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define symbiosis and saprophytism.
To explain economic importance of symbiosis and saprophytism.



Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Explain importance of micro-organisms in root nodules of plants.
Detailed discussion.

Examples of symbiants and saprophytic organisms.
Discuss flow chart of nitrogen cycle.
text book
Chart-Nitrogen cycle.
KLB BK III. P 38. CERTIFICATE PG  57
KLB BK III. PP 40-41. CERTIFICATE PG58
4 4
ECOLOGY
The Nitrogen cycle.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Explain importance of micro-organisms in root nodules of plants.
Discuss flow chart of nitrogen cycle.
Chart-Nitrogen cycle.
KLB BK III. PP 40-41. CERTIFICATE PG58
4 5
ECOLOGY
Trophic levels.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various trophic levels occupied by organisms.
To describe energy flow in an ecosystem.
Q/A: To review photosynthesis; carnivores, herbivores,
Discuss trophic levels in an ecosystem.
Flow chart- Energy flow in an ecosystem.
KLB BK III. PP 40-42 CERTIFICATE PG 43
5 1
ECOLOGY
Food chains.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a food chain.
To give examples of food chains.
To identify trophic levels of organism(s) in a food chain.
Teacher gives an illustration of a food chain; then gives specific examples.
Q/A: Trophic levels of organisms in a food chain.
chart
KLB BK III. P 42. CERTIFICATE PG46
5 2-3
ECOLOGY
Food webs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To interpret food webs.
Teacher illustrates a food web in a given habitat.
Emphasis is laid on direction of arrows.
Answer questions derived from food webs.
charts
KLB BK III. P 43. CERTIFICATE PG47
5 4
ECOLOGY
Ecological pyramids of numbers.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To represent feeding relationships and energy flow using pyramids of numbers.
Q/A: Review trophic levels.
Teacher explains features of pyramid of numbers.
chart
KLB BK III. PP 41-42. CERTIFICATE PG 49
5 5
ECOLOGY
Constructing Pyramid of numbers from given data.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct pyramid of numbers from given data.

To interpret constructed pyramid of numbers from given data.
Q/A: Identifying trophic levels of organisms.

Use given date to construct pyramid of numbers.

Supervised Exercise.
text book
KLB BK III. PP 42-43 CERTIFICATE PG 49
6 1
ECOLOGY
Inverted pyramid of numbers.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples where an inverted pyramid of numbers exists; giving reasons thereof.
Representing inverted pyramid of numbers diagrammatically.
Chart- Inverted pyramid of numbers.
KLB BK III. PP 43-44 CERTIFICATE PG 50
6 2-3
ECOLOGY
Inverted pyramid of numbers.
Pyramid of Biomass.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples where an inverted pyramid of numbers exists; giving reasons thereof.
To define biomass of an organism.
To interpret the pyramid of biomass.
To construct a biomass from given data.
Representing inverted pyramid of numbers diagrammatically.
Teacher exposes new concepts; then leads in a detailed discussion.

Students construct biomass from given data.
Chart- Inverted pyramid of numbers.
KLB BK III. PP 43-44 CERTIFICATE PG 50
KLB BK III. PP 44-45. CERTIFICATE PG 50
6 4
ECOLOGY
Population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe some characteristics of populations.
To explain factors affecting population growth rate.
Q/A: Definition of population.
Discuss population density, dispersion and growth.
Q/A: Factors affecting population growth rate; including food availability, space, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, pests, e.t.c.
text book
KLB BK III. P 46.  CERTIFICATE PG 60
6 5
ECOLOGY
Population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe some characteristics of populations.
To explain factors affecting population growth rate.
Q/A: Definition of population.
Discuss population density, dispersion and growth.
Q/A: Factors affecting population growth rate; including food availability, space, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, pests, e.t.c.
text book
KLB BK III. P 46.  CERTIFICATE PG 60
7 1
ECOLOGY
Quadrat method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the quadrat method of estimating population.
To suggest limitations of quadrat method of estimating population.
Teacher explains use of quadrat method of estimating population.
Q/A: limitations of quadrat method of estimating population.
Project- students to make quadrats.
text book
KLB BK III. PP 46-47. CERTIFICATE PG 62
7 2-3
ECOLOGY
Quadrat method of estimating population.
Line - transect method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To estimate population using quadrat method.
To describe the line transect method of population.
To suggest limitations of line transect method of population.
Students? outdoor activity- Estimating population using standard quadrats.
Teacher explains procedure of line transect method of population.
Q/A: Students suggest limitations of line transect method of population.
Standard quadrats.
text book
KLB BK III. PP
46-47. CERTIFICATE PG 62
KLB BK III.
PP 47-48. CERTIFICATE PG 63
7 4
ECOLOGY
Line - transect method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the line transect method of population.
To suggest limitations of line transect method of population.
Teacher explains procedure of line transect method of population.
Q/A: Students suggest limitations of line transect method of population.
text book
KLB BK III.
PP 47-48. CERTIFICATE PG 63
7 5
ECOLOGY
Belt transect method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To estimate population using belt transect method of population.
Group work ? outdoor activity.
Discussion.
Tape measure, quadrats, pegs, thermometer, pH indicator, e.t.c
KLB BK III. PP 48-49. CERTIFICATE PG 63
8

Midterm Break
9 1
ECOLOGY
Capture-recapture method.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe capture-recapture method of estimating population.
To suggest limitations of capture-recapture method.
To estimate population size using capture-recapture method.
Detailed discussion and explanations.

Q/A: Assumptions made in this method, limitations of the method.

Worked examples.
specimen
KLB BK III. PP 48-49. CERTIFICATE PG 61
9 2-3
ECOLOGY
Xerophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of dry habitats.
To identify adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of xerophytes to dry habitats.
Specimens of xerophytes.
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 64
9 4
ECOLOGY
Mesophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of mesophytes.

To explain adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where mesophytes thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.
Specimens of mesophytes.
KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 69
9 5
ECOLOGY
Hydrophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of hydrophytes.
To explain adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where hydrophytes.
thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.
Specimens of hydrophytes.
KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 66
10 1
ECOLOGY
Halophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of halophytes.
To explain adaptations of halophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of dry habitats.
Specimens of halophytes.
KLB BK III. P 52. CERTIFICATE PG 68
10 2-3
ECOLOGY
Halophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of halophytes.
To explain adaptations of halophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of dry habitats.
Specimens of halophytes.
KLB BK III. P 52. CERTIFICATE PG 68
10 4
ECOLOGY
Adaptive features of plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Group experiments- Students examine given specimens and suggest their habitats.
Identify adaptive features.
Xerophytes Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Hand lenses.
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 69
10 5
ECOLOGY
Adaptive features of plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Group experiments- Students examine given specimens and suggest their habitats.
Identify adaptive features.
Xerophytes Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Hand lenses.
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 69
11 1
ECOLOGY
Pollution and its effects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define pollution, pollutants.
To explain effects of pollution on human beings and other organisms.
Discussion punctuated with Q/A.
text book
KLB BK III. P 55. CERTIFICATE PG 70
11 2-3
ECOLOGY
Pollution and its effects.
Air pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define pollution, pollutants.
To explain effects of pollution on human beings and other organisms.

To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.
Discussion punctuated with Q/A.
Detailed discussion & probing questions.
text book
topic related video
KLB BK III. P 55. CERTIFICATE PG 70
KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70
11 4
ECOLOGY
Air pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.
Detailed discussion & probing questions.
topic related video
KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70
11 5
ECOLOGY
Air pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.
Detailed discussion & probing questions.
topic related video
KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70
12 1
ECOLOGY
Water pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.
Detailed discussion & Q/A.
video of water pollution
KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77
12 2-3
ECOLOGY
Water pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.
Detailed discussion & Q/A.
video of water pollution
KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77
12 4
ECOLOGY
Soil pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of soil pollution.
To suggest control measures of soil pollution.
Detailed discussion & Q/A.
text book
KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 80
12 5
ECOLOGY
Radioactive emissions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify effects of radioactive emissions.
To state uses of nuclear energy.
Brief discussion on radioactive emissions and nuclear energy
text book
KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 72
13 1
ECOLOGY
Human diseases. Typhoid & cholera.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify disease predisposing factors.
To describe causative agents, symptoms, prevention of bacterial diseases.
Detailed discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK III. P 63. CERTIFICATE PG 82
13 2-3
ECOLOGY
Human diseases. Typhoid & cholera.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify disease predisposing factors.
To describe causative agents, symptoms, prevention of bacterial diseases.
Detailed discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK III. P 63. CERTIFICATE PG 82
13 4
ECOLOGY
Protozoan diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal agents, symptoms, prevention and treatment of amoebic dysentery and malaria.
Detailed discussion, Q/A.
magazine
KLB BK III. PP 66. CERTIFICATE PG 83
13 5
ECOLOGY
Protozoan diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal agents, symptoms, prevention and treatment of amoebic dysentery and malaria.
Detailed discussion, Q/A.
magazine
KLB BK III. PP 66. CERTIFICATE PG 83
14 1
ECOLOGY
Prevention and control of protozoan diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain methods of preventing and controlling protozoan diseases.
CERTIFICATE PG  83
14 2-3
ECOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoides.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.
Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.
Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.
KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87
14 4
ECOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoides.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.
Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.
Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.
KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87
14 5
ECOLOGY
Bilharzia.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal and transmission agents of bilharzia.
To describe effects of the parasite on its host.
To identify adaptive features of schistosoma.
Brief discussion
Q/A: Effects on host and control measures.
chart
KLB BK III. P 69. CERTIFICATE PG 86

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