Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Suitable materials for making compost manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable materials for making compost manure
- Differentiate between suitable and unsuitable materials for compost manure
- Appreciate the importance of selecting proper materials for compost manure

- Discuss suitable materials for compost manure based on their local environment
- Look at photographs showing materials for making compost manure and identify them
- In groups, list materials that can be used for making compost manure
- Classify materials as suitable or unsuitable for compost manure

How can we identify suitable materials for making compost manure?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 2
- Photographs of organic waste materials
- Actual organic waste materials
- Charts showing suitable materials for composting

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Group work assessment

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Collecting materials for compost manure
Soil Conservation - Preparation of compost manure using heap method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Collect suitable materials for making compost manure
- Sort out the collected materials for making compost manure
- Show willingness to collect materials for compost manure

- Collect suitable materials for making compost manure from the school environment
- Sort out the collected materials into suitable categories
- Discuss the importance of each collected material in compost making
- Store the collected materials safely for use in the next lesson

Why do we need to sort materials for compost manure?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 3
- School environment for collecting materials
- Containers for sorting materials
- Gloves
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 4
- Video on compost making
- Charts showing steps of making compost manure
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Making compost manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare compost manure using the heap method
- Follow the correct procedure in making compost manure
- Value the use of locally available materials in making compost manure

- Make compost manure using the heap method
- Arrange the materials in layers as required
- Apply water appropriately to the compost heap
- Cover the compost heap as required

How do we make compost manure using the heap method?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 5
- Collected organic materials
- Tools for compost making (spades, digging tools)
- Water
- Waterproof covering material

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project work

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Caring for compost manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to care for compost manure
- Demonstrate the process of turning compost manure
- Show responsibility in caring for compost manure

- Discuss methods of caring for compost manure
- Demonstrate turning compost heap
- Monitor temperature and moisture of compost heap
- Check on the compost heap regularly

Why do we need to care for compost manure?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 5
- Compost heap
- Garden tools
- Water
- Thermometer (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Importance of compost manure in farming
Soil Conservation - Application of compost manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of compost manure in farming
- Compare growth of plants with and without compost manure
- Appreciate the role of compost manure in crop production

- Discuss the importance of compost manure in farming
- Set up an experiment to compare plant growth with and without compost manure
- Observe plant growth in soil with and without compost manure
- Record observations

How does compost manure help plants to grow?

 Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 5
- Compost manure
- Planting containers
- Seeds
- Soil
- Record sheets
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 6
- Ready compost manure
- Garden tools
- School garden

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Concept of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what water conservation means
- Identify ways of conserving water
- Demonstrate willingness to conserve water

- Discuss what water conservation means
- Identify methods of conserving water in the school and at home
- Share experiences on water conservation methods in their locality
- Make posters on water conservation

Why is it important to conserve water?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 7
- Charts on water conservation
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Drip irrigation concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe what drip irrigation is
- Explain how drip irrigation helps in water conservation
- Appreciate drip irrigation as a water conservation method

- Watch video clips or use print media on drip irrigation
- Discuss the concept of drip irrigation
- Identify components of a drip irrigation system
- Draw a simple drip irrigation system

How does drip irrigation help in conserving water?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 8
- Video clips on drip irrigation
- Charts showing drip irrigation
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Types of drip irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of drip irrigation
- Compare different types of drip irrigation
- Show interest in learning about drip irrigation methods

- Observe pictures showing different types of drip irrigation
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of drip irrigation
- Categorize drip irrigation methods based on complexity
- Identify suitable crops for different drip irrigation methods

What types of drip irrigation systems are there?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 9
- Pictures showing different types of drip irrigation
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with bottles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles
- Value creativity in making drip irrigation equipment

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make holes in the bottle caps
- Fill bottles with water and place them near plants
- Observe water flow from the bottles

How can we make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 10
- Plastic bottles
- Nails
- Hammers
- Water
- Plants

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with bottles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles
- Value creativity in making drip irrigation equipment

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make holes in the bottle caps
- Fill bottles with water and place them near plants
- Observe water flow from the bottles

How can we make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 10
- Plastic bottles
- Nails
- Hammers
- Water
- Plants

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with pipes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials for making drip irrigation with pipes
- Construct drip irrigation using pipes
- Show responsibility in handling tools during construction

- Identify materials needed for constructing drip irrigation with pipes
- Construct drip irrigation with pipes
- Connect pipes to a water container
- Test the drip irrigation system

How do we construct a drip irrigation system using pipes?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 11
- Plastic pipes
- Container for water
- Tools for making holes
- Stands for the container

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with pipes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials for making drip irrigation with pipes
- Construct drip irrigation using pipes
- Show responsibility in handling tools during construction

- Identify materials needed for constructing drip irrigation with pipes
- Construct drip irrigation with pipes
- Connect pipes to a water container
- Test the drip irrigation system

How do we construct a drip irrigation system using pipes?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 11
- Plastic pipes
- Container for water
- Tools for making holes
- Stands for the container

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Using drip irrigation to water plants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply drip irrigation to water plants
- Demonstrate proper use of drip irrigation
- Appreciate the efficiency of drip irrigation in water conservation

- Use constructed drip irrigation systems to water plants
- Observe how water drips to the plants
- Discuss the efficiency of the drip irrigation system
- Monitor plant growth with drip irrigation

How effective is drip irrigation in watering plants?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 12
- Constructed drip irrigation systems
- Plants
- Water
- Observation charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Benefits of drip irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of drip irrigation
- Compare drip irrigation with other methods of watering plants
- Value water-saving methods in farming

- Discuss the benefits of drip irrigation
- Compare drip irrigation with other methods of watering plants
- Make a chart showing benefits of drip irrigation
- Role-play on water conservation

What are the benefits of using drip irrigation?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 12
- Charts
- Pictures of different irrigation methods
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Role-play assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Benefits of drip irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of drip irrigation
- Compare drip irrigation with other methods of watering plants
- Value water-saving methods in farming

- Discuss the benefits of drip irrigation
- Compare drip irrigation with other methods of watering plants
- Make a chart showing benefits of drip irrigation
- Role-play on water conservation

What are the benefits of using drip irrigation?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 12
- Charts
- Pictures of different irrigation methods
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Role-play assessment

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Types of fuels used at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of fuels used at home
- Classify fuels according to their sources
- Show awareness of different types of fuels

- Discuss different types of fuels used at home
- Observe pictures of different fuels
- Classify fuels according to their sources
- Complete a word search puzzle on fuels

What types of fuels do we use at home?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 13
- Pictures of different types of fuels
- Charts
- Word search puzzles

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Puzzle completion

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Equipment that use different fuels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cooking equipment that use different fuels
- Match cooking equipment with their appropriate fuels
- Appreciate diverse cooking equipment

- Observe pictures of cooking equipment
- Identify the type of fuel each equipment uses
- Match cooking equipment with appropriate fuels
- Discuss the use of different cooking equipment

What cooking equipment uses different types of fuel?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 14
- Pictures of cooking equipment
- Charts showing cooking equipment
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Matching exercise - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Equipment that use different fuels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cooking equipment that use different fuels
- Match cooking equipment with their appropriate fuels
- Appreciate diverse cooking equipment

- Observe pictures of cooking equipment
- Identify the type of fuel each equipment uses
- Match cooking equipment with appropriate fuels
- Discuss the use of different cooking equipment

What cooking equipment uses different types of fuel?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 14
- Pictures of cooking equipment
- Charts showing cooking equipment
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Matching exercise - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Methods of conserving fuels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of conserving fuels
- Demonstrate methods of conserving fuels
- Value the importance of fuel conservation

- Discuss methods of conserving different types of fuels
- Observe pictures showing fuel conservation
- Identify equipment that conserve fuel
- Role-play on fuel conservation

How can we conserve fuels at home?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 15
- Pictures showing fuel conservation
- Charts
- Fuel-saving equipment (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Using fuel-saving equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify fuel-saving equipment
- Demonstrate the use of fuel-saving equipment
- Show willingness to use fuel-saving equipment

- Observe fuel-saving equipment
- Demonstrate how to use fuel-saving equipment
- Compare fuel consumption between fuel-saving and normal equipment
- Discuss advantages of fuel-saving equipment

How does fuel-saving equipment help in conserving fuel?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 16
- Fuel-saving equipment
- Normal equipment
- Fuels
- Observation charts

- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Comparing fuel efficiency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare fuel efficiency of different cooking equipment
- Record observations on fuel consumption
- Appreciate efficient use of fuels

- Conduct an experiment comparing fuel efficiency
- Use both fuel-saving jiko and normal jiko to boil milk
- Measure time taken for each to boil milk
- Record and discuss observations

Which cooking equipment is more fuel-efficient?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 17
- Fuel-saving jiko
- Normal jiko
- Milk
- Timer
- Recording sheets

- Observation - Practical assessment - Experiment records - Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Comparing fuel efficiency

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare fuel efficiency of different cooking equipment
- Record observations on fuel consumption
- Appreciate efficient use of fuels

- Conduct an experiment comparing fuel efficiency
- Use both fuel-saving jiko and normal jiko to boil milk
- Measure time taken for each to boil milk
- Record and discuss observations

Which cooking equipment is more fuel-efficient?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 17
- Fuel-saving jiko
- Normal jiko
- Milk
- Timer
- Recording sheets

- Observation - Practical assessment - Experiment records - Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Benefits of conserving fuel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of conserving fuel
- Relate fuel conservation to environmental conservation
- Show commitment to conserving fuel

- Discuss benefits of conserving fuel
- Relate fuel conservation to environmental conservation
- Create posters on benefits of fuel conservation
- Present posters in class

Why is it important to conserve fuel?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 18
- Charts
- Drawing materials
- Pictures showing environmental degradation

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Benefits of conserving fuel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of conserving fuel
- Relate fuel conservation to environmental conservation
- Show commitment to conserving fuel

- Discuss benefits of conserving fuel
- Relate fuel conservation to environmental conservation
- Create posters on benefits of fuel conservation
- Present posters in class

Why is it important to conserve fuel?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 18
- Charts
- Drawing materials
- Pictures showing environmental degradation

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Poster assessment

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Promoting fuel conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create awareness on fuel conservation
- Design messages on fuel conservation
- Value spreading information on fuel conservation

- Design messages on fuel conservation
- Make posters on fuel conservation
- Share information on fuel conservation with other classes
- Perform songs/poems on fuel conservation

How can we promote fuel conservation?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 19
- Drawing materials
- Charts
- Song/poem materials

- Observation - Project assessment - Performance assessment - Peer assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Small wild animals that destroy crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Describe how small wild animals destroy crops
- Appreciate the need to protect crops from wild animals

- Observe pictures of small wild animals
- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Discuss how small wild animals destroy crops
- Share experiences of crop destruction by wild animals

Which small wild animals destroy crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 20
- Pictures of small wild animals
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Drawing assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Small wild animals that destroy crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Describe how small wild animals destroy crops
- Appreciate the need to protect crops from wild animals

- Observe pictures of small wild animals
- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Discuss how small wild animals destroy crops
- Share experiences of crop destruction by wild animals

Which small wild animals destroy crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 20
- Pictures of small wild animals
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Drawing assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Damage caused by wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe damage caused by wild animals to crops
- Identify crops vulnerable to wild animal damage
- Show concern for damage caused by wild animals

- Observe pictures showing damage caused by wild animals
- Discuss types of damage caused by different wild animals
- Identify crops that are most vulnerable to wild animal damage
- Draw pictures showing crop damage by wild animals

What damage do wild animals cause to crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 21
- Pictures showing crop damage
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Drawing assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Methods of keeping wild animals away

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Compare different methods of keeping wild animals away
- Show interest in humane methods of keeping wild animals away

- Discuss methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Observe pictures showing different methods
- Classify methods based on effectiveness and humaneness
- Role-play on keeping wild animals away

How can we keep wild animals away from our crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 22
- Pictures showing methods of keeping wild animals away
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Methods of keeping wild animals away

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Compare different methods of keeping wild animals away
- Show interest in humane methods of keeping wild animals away

- Discuss methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Observe pictures showing different methods
- Classify methods based on effectiveness and humaneness
- Role-play on keeping wild animals away

How can we keep wild animals away from our crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 22
- Pictures showing methods of keeping wild animals away
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Making a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe what a scarecrow is
- Identify materials for making a scarecrow
- Show creativity in making a scarecrow

- Observe pictures of different scarecrows
- Discuss what scarecrows are used for
- Identify materials needed for making a scarecrow
- Draw a design of a scarecrow

What is a scarecrow and what is it used for?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 23
- Pictures of scarecrows
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Making a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe what a scarecrow is
- Identify materials for making a scarecrow
- Show creativity in making a scarecrow

- Observe pictures of different scarecrows
- Discuss what scarecrows are used for
- Identify materials needed for making a scarecrow
- Draw a design of a scarecrow

What is a scarecrow and what is it used for?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 23
- Pictures of scarecrows
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Constructing a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate materials for constructing a scarecrow
- Construct a scarecrow using locally available materials
- Demonstrate creativity in making a scarecrow

- Collect materials for making a scarecrow
- Construct a frame for the scarecrow
- Stuff the scarecrow with appropriate materials
- Complete constructing the scarecrow

How do we construct a scarecrow?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 24
- Materials for making scarecrow (sticks, old clothes, straw, string)
- Tools (scissors, knife)
- Charts showing steps

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Using a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable places to install a scarecrow
- Install a scarecrow in an appropriate place
- Value the use of scarecrows in protecting crops

- Visit the school farm or a nearby farm
- Identify suitable places to install scarecrows
- Install the constructed scarecrows
- Discuss factors to consider when choosing where to install scarecrows

Where should we place scarecrows for maximum effectiveness?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 26
- Constructed scarecrows
- School farm or nearby farm
- Tools for installation

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Using a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable places to install a scarecrow
- Install a scarecrow in an appropriate place
- Value the use of scarecrows in protecting crops

- Visit the school farm or a nearby farm
- Identify suitable places to install scarecrows
- Install the constructed scarecrows
- Discuss factors to consider when choosing where to install scarecrows

Where should we place scarecrows for maximum effectiveness?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 26
- Constructed scarecrows
- School farm or nearby farm
- Tools for installation

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Importance of wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of wild animals
- Identify ways to live better with wild animals
- Appreciate the role of wild animals in the ecosystem

- Discuss the importance of wild animals
- Role-play a conversation with a game ranger about wild animals
- Identify ways to live harmoniously with wild animals
- Debate on the importance of conserving wild animals

Why are wild animals important?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 27
- Charts
- Pictures of wild animals
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Debate assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Living better with wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of living better with wild animals
- Demonstrate appropriate methods of keeping wild animals away
- Show respect for wild animals

- Discuss ways of living better with wild animals
- Identify humane methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Create posters on conserving wild animals
- Present posters in class

How can we live better with wild animals while protecting our crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 29
- Drawing materials
- Charts
- Pictures showing conservation of wild animals

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment - Presentation assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Living better with wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of living better with wild animals
- Demonstrate appropriate methods of keeping wild animals away
- Show respect for wild animals

- Discuss ways of living better with wild animals
- Identify humane methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Create posters on conserving wild animals
- Present posters in class

How can we live better with wild animals while protecting our crops?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 29
- Drawing materials
- Charts
- Pictures showing conservation of wild animals

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment - Presentation assessment

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Crops established through direct sowing
Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Preparing a ground seedbed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify crops established through direct sowing of tiny seeds
- Describe characteristics of crops established through direct sowing
- Show interest in crops established through direct sowing

- Discuss to enumerate food crops established through direct sowing of tiny seeds
- Observe pictures of crops established through direct sowing
- Identify examples of crops with tiny seeds in the locality
- Classify seeds based on size

Which crops are established through direct sowing of tiny seeds?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 31
- Pictures of crops established through direct sowing
- Samples of tiny seeds
- Charts showing crops
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 32
- Pictures of seedbeds
- Garden tools (jembe, rake)
- School garden

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Preparing a container seedbed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable containers for making seedbeds
- Prepare a container seedbed for sowing tiny seeds
- Value the use of containers in making seedbeds

- Identify suitable containers for making seedbeds
- Prepare containers for use as seedbeds
- Make drainage holes at the bottom of containers
- Fill the containers with appropriate soil mix

Why do we make container seedbeds for growing plants?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 33
- Containers (jerrycans, plastic bottles)
- Tools for making holes
- Soil
- Compost manure

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Methods of planting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different methods of planting seeds
- Compare direct sowing with other methods of planting
- Appreciate various methods of planting

- Observe pictures showing different methods of planting
- Discuss direct sowing as compared to other methods
- Make illustrations of different planting methods
- Identify which crops require direct sowing

How does direct sowing differ from other planting methods?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 34
- Pictures showing planting methods
- Charts
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Drawing assessment

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Sowing carrot seeds
Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Sowing millet seeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to sow carrot seeds
- Demonstrate sowing of carrot seeds in rows
- Show interest in growing carrots

- Observe demonstration of sowing carrot seeds
- Make shallow drills on prepared seedbed
- Mix carrot seeds with sand soil
- Sow carrot seeds along the drills and cover lightly

How do we sow carrot seeds?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 35
- Carrot seeds
- Sand soil
- Prepared seedbed
- Stick for making drills
- Millet seeds
- Stick for making drills
- Watering can

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Sowing in container seedbeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how to sow tiny seeds in container seedbeds
- Demonstrate sowing of seeds in container seedbeds
- Show responsibility in caring for sown seeds

- Observe demonstration of sowing seeds in container seedbeds
- Make shallow furrows in container seedbeds
- Sow seeds appropriately in the furrows
- Cover the seeds and water gently

How do we sow tiny seeds in container seedbeds?

Mentor Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 36
- Prepared container seedbeds
- Seeds (carrot, millet)
- Stick for making furrows
- Watering can

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Food Production Processes

Direct Sowing of Tiny Seeds - Care for directly sown crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify care practices for directly sown crops
- Demonstrate care practices for directly sown crops
- Value caring for growing crops

- Discuss care practices for directly sown crops
- Demonstrate watering of seedbeds
- Demonstrate weeding around seedlings
- Observe growth of seedlings and record observations

How do we care for directly sown crops?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 37
- Seedbeds with growing seedlings
- Watering can
- Tools for weeding
- Record sheets

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Record assessment