Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding strip cropping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
- Name the common methods of soil conservation
- Show interest in learning about soil conservation measures

- Use digital or print media to search for information on methods of conserving soil in the agricultural environment
- Study photographs showing methods of soil conservation
- Discuss and take notes of the information found
- Share findings with the class about soil conservation methods

How can we conserve soil in the agricultural environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing soil conservation methods
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 2
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing strip cropping

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding grassed waterways
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding stone lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding soil bunds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what grassed waterways are
- Describe how grassed waterways conserve soil
- Show curiosity in learning about grassed waterways

- Visit a place where soil conservation is practiced
- Identify the soil conservation activities carried out
- Share observations about grassed waterways
- Suggest soil conservation activities for the school environment

How do grassed waterways prevent soil erosion?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing grassed waterways
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing stone lines
- Photographs showing trash lines
- Charts
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Photographs showing soil bunds

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Making stone lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Making trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Constructing a farm model showing soil conservation measures
Soil Conservation Measures - Displaying and explaining the farm model
Water Harvesting and Storage - Ways of storing harvested water
Water Harvesting and Storage - Shallow water pans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to make stone lines
- Apply knowledge of stone lines to conserve soil
- Show responsibility in conserving soil

- Display the farm model
- Explain soil conservation measures shown in the model
- Demonstrate caring attitude towards soil in the environment

- Collect stones for making stone lines
- Carry stones to the garden experiencing soil loss
- Pile stones along a contour
- Maintain the stone lines by checking and repairing regularly
- Complete the construction of the farm model
- Display the farm model in class
- Explain the soil conservation measures displayed in the farm model
- Invite school community to view the farm model

How can we make stone lines to conserve soil in the school environment?
How can the farm model help in educating others about soil conservation?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Stones
- Wheelbarrow
- Garden gloves
- Gumboots
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 5
- Dry plant materials
- Strong sticks
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 6
- Cartons
- Cardboards
- Small stones
- Soil
- Papier-mâché
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 7
- Constructed farm model
- Display area
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 11
- Digital devices
- Print media with information on water storage
- Photographs showing water storage methods
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing shallow water pans
- School environment
- Digital resources

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project work
- Oral presentation - Observation - Peer assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Water ponds
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how water ponds are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for water ponds
- Show interest in water harvesting using ponds

- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water ponds can be constructed
- Discuss how water ponds can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives

How can water ponds be effective in harvesting and storing water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing water ponds
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Various water containers
- Photographs

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Installing water tanks
Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water ponds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of installing a water tank
- Participate in water tank installation or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water harvesting

- Plan the installation of a water tank
- Participate in installing or cleaning water tanks
- Ensure water tanks are protected from damage
- Use harvested water for appropriate purposes

How can we properly install and maintain water tanks?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 13
- Water tank or container
- Tools for installation
- Cleaning materials
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources
Conservation of Resources
Food Production Processes

Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Maintaining water harvesting structures
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water harvesting and storage initiatives
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Role of kitchen and backyard gardens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to construct a water pan
- Participate in water pan construction or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Identify water harvesting and storage initiatives for the school
- Implement water harvesting initiatives
- Show responsibility in harvesting and storing water

- Clear vegetation for water pan construction
- Mark out dimensions of the water pan
- Participate in digging or repairing a water pan
- Keep the surrounding environment clean
- Brainstorm on possible water harvesting initiatives
- Outline roles in implementation of initiatives
- Make class presentations on initiatives
- Create an action plan for water harvesting

How can we construct water pans to effectively harvest and store water?
How can we implement effective water harvesting and storage initiatives in our school?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 14
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment
- Water harvesting structures
- Cleaning materials
- Repair tools
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 15
- School environment
- Chart papers
- Markers
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 17
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Photographs showing kitchen and backyard gardens

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation
- Observation - Oral presentations - Project plans

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Food production through kitchen and backyard gardening
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Preparing a garden for planting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the advantages of kitchen and backyard gardening
- Identify crops suitable for kitchen and backyard gardens
- Appreciate the role of kitchen gardens in poverty eradication

- Study information compiled by other learners on kitchen gardening
- Discuss how kitchen gardens contribute to food production
- Identify different food crops suitable for kitchen gardens
- Share discussions with the class

What are the benefits of having a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 18
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts showing benefits of kitchen gardens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 19
- Garden tools
- Containers
- School environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Establishing crops in kitchen or backyard garden
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Crop management in a kitchen or backyard garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to prepare and plant a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select appropriate crops for the garden
- Show responsibility in garden preparation

- Prepare the planting site or containers
- Mix soil with compost manure
- Make planting holes or furrows
- Plant seeds or seedlings and water them

How can we establish different crops in a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 20
- Jembe
- Panga
- Containers
- Compost manure
- Seeds/seedlings
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 21
- Water
- Watering containers
- Garden tools
- Established garden

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Watering and irrigation
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Pruning and training crops
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Harvesting and record keeping
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Sustainable garden practices
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Understanding poultry folds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper watering techniques
- Set up simple irrigation systems
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Explain sustainable garden practices
- Apply sustainable methods in the garden
- Show responsibility towards the environment

- Check soil moisture regularly
- Water crops in the morning or evening
- Install drip irrigation bottles for continuous water supply
- Apply mulch to conserve moisture
- Apply organic farming methods
- Practice crop rotation
- Use natural pest control
- Recycle garden waste as compost
- Conserve water through efficient irrigation

How can we ensure effective watering while conserving water?
How can we make our gardens more sustainable?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 22
- Watering cans
- Plastic bottles
- Water
- Mulching materials
- Pruning knife/scissors
- Stakes
- Trellises
- Garden crops
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Harvesting tools
- Record book
- Pen/pencil
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Garden
- Organic materials
- Composting area
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Images of poultry folds

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Observing poultry folds
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Designing a poultry fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of poultry folds
- Explain the advantages of rearing poultry in folds
- Appreciate the role of poultry folds in poultry management

- Visit a poultry farm to observe poultry folds
- Describe what the poultry folds look like
- Record the materials used to construct the folds
- Share observations with the class

What are the characteristics of an effective poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Poultry farm
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- Pen/pencil
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 25
- Drawing book or paper
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Examples of poultry fold designs

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written reports

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Planning for construction
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Constructing a poultry fold (frame)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan the construction of a poultry fold
- List materials needed for construction
- Show responsibility in planning

- Draw a plan of activities for construction
- Distribute responsibilities among group members
- Identify locally available materials for construction
- Present the plan for feedback

How do we prepare for the construction of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 26
- Paper
- Pen/pencil
- Poultry fold design
- Wooden pieces
- Nails/screws
- Hammer/screwdriver
- Measuring tape
- Protective gloves

- Plan evaluation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Completing the poultry fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Preparing for poultry rearing
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Managing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Rearing practices for poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Ethical practices in poultry rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a shelter on the fold
- Cover the fold with wire mesh or net
- Construct a poultry fold

- Demonstrate proper poultry management in a fold
- Apply appropriate rearing practices
- Show responsibility in poultry management

- Create a small shelter on one side of the fold
- Make a roof for the shelter
- Cover all sides with wire mesh or net
- Ensure the poultry fold is portable and lightweight
- Move the fold regularly for the poultry to feed
- Provide water regularly
- Maintain sanitation in the fold
- Protect the poultry from predators and harsh weather

How do we complete the construction of a poultry fold?
How can we effectively manage poultry in a fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Wire mesh/net
- Roofing material
- Tools for construction
- Protective gloves
- Constructed poultry fold
- Feeders
- Waterers
- Feed
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 28
- Poultry fold with poultry
- Water
- Feed
- Cleaning materials
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 29
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation