DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Definition of demand, effective demand and law of demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define demand and effective demand with examples
-Distinguish between desire and demand using real scenarios
-Explain purchasing power concept and its importance
-State the law of demand with detailed explanation
-Identify and explain ceteris paribus assumption
-Apply law of demand to various commodity examples

- Brainstorming on demand meaning using market scenarios
-Group discussions on desire vs demand with case studies
-Analysis of purchasing power using local examples
-Guided discovery of law of demand through price experiments
-Role play: buyer behavior at different price levels
-Practical applications using bread, milk, transport examples

Textbook, charts, local commodity examples, market scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 1-3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Demand schedule, demand curve and interpretation
Factors influencing demand - comprehensive analysis
Movement along demand curve vs shift in demand curve
Types of demand with detailed examples and applications
Meaning of supply, law of supply and supply schedule
Supply curve and factors influencing supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare individual and market demand schedules
-Interpret demand schedule data and relationships
-Draw demand curves from demand schedules
-Explain downward sloping nature of demand curves
-Plot and identify specific points on demand curves
-Compare individual vs market demand curves
-Analyze Table 1.1 bread example in detail

- Define joint demand with comprehensive examples
-Explain derived demand with industrial applications
-Describe composite demand with multiple uses
-Identify competitive demand with substitute examples
-Analyze relationships between different demand types
-Apply demand types to Kenyan economic scenarios
-Examine how demand types affect pricing
-Discuss implications for producers and consumers
-Create demand type classification charts

- Practical preparation of demand schedules using textbook data
-Step-by-step construction of demand curves
-Analysis and interpretation of Table 1.1
-Guided plotting of Figure 1.2 with explanations
-Group work on creating different demand schedules
-Calculations and graph work with various commodities
-Discussion on slope significance and market implications

- Detailed analysis of joint demand (tea-sugar, bread-butter)
-Case studies on derived demand (machinery-raw materials)
-Discussion on composite demand (cotton for blankets/clothes)
-Analysis of competitive demand (matatus vs buses)
-Group work creating demand type examples
-Role play showing different demand relationships
-Construction of demand type classification charts
-Practical applications to local business scenarios

Textbook, graph papers, rulers, calculators, Table 1.1 data
Textbook, case studies, examples of complementary goods, cultural scenarios
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figure 1.3 and 1.4
Textbook, charts, local examples, case studies, Figure 1.5
Textbook, calculators, Table 1.2 data, charts, supplier examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, Figure 1.6, case studies, technology examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 3-4
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 5-6

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Movement along supply curve, shift in supply curve and types of supply
Equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity and market analysis
Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain movement along supply curve in detail
-Distinguish between expansion and contraction of supply
-Identify factors causing movement along supply curve
-Explain shift in supply curve with comprehensive examples
-Identify factors causing rightward and leftward shifts
-Define and explain joint supply with examples
-Describe competitive supply with agricultural examples
-Explain composite supply with substitute examples
-Compare all types of supply with detailed analysis

- Guided drawing of supply movements using Figure 1.7
-Analysis of expansion vs contraction scenarios
-Detailed drawing of supply shifts using Figure 1.8
-Case studies on cost changes causing shifts
-Analysis of joint supply (milk-butter, meat-hides)
-Discussion on competitive supply (sugarcane vs food crops)
-Examination of composite supply (beef-lamb, coffee-tea)
-Group work comparing all supply concepts
-Comprehensive graph work with multiple examples

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.7 and 1.8, agricultural examples
Textbook, calculators, graph papers, rulers, Table 1.3 data, Figure 1.9
Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 8-10

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in demand on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand increase effects
-Examine effects of decrease in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand decrease effects
-Compare increase vs decrease effects
-Predict new equilibrium positions
-Apply to real market situations with examples

- Guided analysis of demand increase using Figure 1.10
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward demand shift
-Analysis of price rising from OP₁ to OP₂
-Examination of quantity increase from OQ₁ to OQ₂
-Detailed analysis of demand decrease using Figure 1.11
-Drawing of leftward demand shift
-Discussion on lowering effects on price and quantity
-Comparison exercises between increase and decrease
-Practical applications to consumer behavior changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.10 and 1.11

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 12-14

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in supply on equilibrium
Simultaneous changes in demand and supply
Other price determination methods and pertinent issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of supply curve impacts
-Understand mixed effects on price and quantity
-Examine effects of decrease in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of supply curve impacts
-Draw detailed diagrams showing supply change effects
-Compare supply increase vs decrease effects
-Predict equilibrium changes for each scenario
-Apply to production and market scenarios

- Identify alternative price determination methods
-Explain government price control mechanisms
-Describe manufacturer price fixing approaches
-Analyze cost-plus pricing and profit margin considerations
-Define hoarding and overpricing practices
-Explain artificial shortage creation
-Analyze unscrupulous trading practices
-Discuss customer supremacy and business ethics
-Examine honest vs dishonest business practices

- Guided analysis of supply increase using Figure 1.12
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward supply shift
-Analysis of price falling due to excess supply
-Examination of quantity increase due to more supply
-Detailed analysis of supply decrease using Figure 1.13
-Drawing of leftward supply shift
-Discussion on price rising due to shortage
-Analysis of quantity decrease due to less supply
-Comparison exercises and practical applications

- Discussion on government price control in Kenya
-Case studies on controlled commodity prices
-Analysis of cost-plus pricing calculations
-Examination of hoarding practices and effects
-Discussion on artificial shortage creation
-Case studies on overpricing and customer exploitation
-Analysis of undercutting and monopolistic behavior
-Group work on business ethics and customer value
-Role play: honest vs unscrupulous business practices

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.12 and 1.13
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17
Textbook, case studies, government pricing examples, business ethics scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 14-16

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Concept of firm and industry, factors determining size of firm
Factors limiting firm size and production decisions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define firm and industry with comprehensive examples
-Distinguish between firm and industry using local examples
-Identify and explain factors determining firm size
-Analyze number of employees as size determinant
-Examine volume of output and area covered
-Evaluate capital investment and market size factors
-Assess level of technology impact on firm size
-Classify firms as small, medium or large using criteria

- Brainstorming on firm vs industry concepts
-Case studies on sugar companies (Mumias, Sony, Chemelil)
-Analysis of salt mining firms (Magadi Soda Company)
-Group work on transport industry examples
-Discussion on employee numbers in different firms
-Examination of output volumes and premises size
-Analysis of capital investment requirements
-Classification exercises using local business examples

Textbook, local business examples, charts, case studies
Textbook, transport industry examples, service business cases, charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 18-19

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Government policies and location factors - comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze government policy effects on production
-Examine taxation and legal compliance requirements
-Identify and explain factors influencing firm location
-Analyze nearness to raw materials importance
-Examine supply of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labor
-Discuss nearness to market considerations
-Evaluate availability of social amenities
-Assess auxiliary services and infrastructure needs
-Examine fuel, power and water source requirements

- Discussion on government tax policies and regulations
-Case studies on illegal product restrictions
-Analysis of location factors using Figure 2.1
-Examination of heavy materials transport costs
-Discussion on perishable goods location needs
-Group work on labor type requirements
-Analysis of social amenities for employee morale
-Case studies on banking and insurance services
-Discussion on power and water availability

Textbook, government policy examples, Figure 2.1, infrastructure maps

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 20-22

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Transport networks, security and localization concepts
Advantages and disadvantages of localization
Delocalisation policy and implementation
Advantages and disadvantages of delocalisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate transport network importance for firm location
-Analyze road, railway, seaport and airport requirements
-Examine government physical planning policies
-Assess security services availability impact
-Discuss room for expansion considerations
-Analyze favorable climatic conditions for agro-businesses
-Define localization and territorial division of labor
-Explain firm concentration in favorable areas
-Identify advantages of localization for businesses

- Define delocalisation and balanced industrial development
-Identify circumstances requiring delocalisation policy
-Analyze need to curb urban migration
-Examine urban unemployment reduction strategies
-Discuss balanced economic development goals
-Evaluate government facilitation measures
-Analyze provision of free/cheap locational sites
-Examine tax benefits and bureaucracy removal
-Discuss infrastructure development and security improvement
-Evaluate corruption eradication and transparency measures

- Analysis of transport infrastructure requirements
-Discussion on roads, railways and ports accessibility
-Case studies on government physical planning
-Examination of security considerations for businesses
-Group work on expansion space requirements
-Analysis of floriculture and dairy farming locations
-Discussion on localization concept and examples
-Case studies on industrial area concentrations
-Analysis of specialized area development

- Discussion on delocalisation concept and policy
-Analysis of urban migration problems
-Case studies on unemployment in urban areas
-Group work on balanced development strategies
-Examination of government incentive measures
-Discussion on free sites provision in rural areas
-Analysis of tax reduction benefits
-Case studies on bureaucracy removal
-Examination of infrastructure development needs
-Discussion on transparency in business transactions

Textbook, transport maps, security examples, agricultural cases
Textbook, employment data, environmental examples, urban planning cases
Textbook, government policy documents, rural development cases
Textbook, rural development examples, cost-benefit analysis

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 22-23
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 24-25

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Economies of scale - internal economies comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economies of scale and their importance
-Distinguish between internal and external economies
-Analyze purchasing economies and bulk buying benefits
-Examine technical economies and specialized machinery
-Discuss staff economies and specialized personnel
-Evaluate financial economies and access to capital
-Analyze selling and marketing economies
-Examine staff welfare economies and employee benefits
-Discuss research economies and development benefits
-Evaluate inventory and transport economies

- Definition and explanation of economies concept
-Analysis of bulk purchasing discounts
-Case studies on specialized machinery benefits
-Discussion on specialized staff advantages
-Examination of asset-based borrowing capacity
-Group work on marketing advantages
-Analysis of employee welfare provision
-Case studies on research and development
-Discussion on inventory management benefits
-Examination of transport cost advantages

Textbook, business examples, machinery illustrations, financial cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25-27

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

External economies and specialization benefits
Diseconomies of scale - internal and external

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define external economies and their sources
-Analyze easier access to skilled labor pools
-Examine efficient infrastructure benefits
-Discuss auxiliary services availability
-Evaluate easy access to raw materials
-Analyze mutual consultations and collaborations
-Examine decentralization and disintegration economies
-Distinguish horizontal and vertical decentralization
-Discuss textile industry and jua kali examples
-Analyze publishing industry specialization

- Discussion on external economies concept
-Analysis of labor pool availability
-Case studies on infrastructure sharing
-Examination of banking and insurance services
-Group work on raw materials access
-Discussion on industry collaboration benefits
-Analysis of horizontal decentralization examples
-Case studies on vertical decentralization
-Examination of textile industry specialization
-Discussion on publishing industry processes

Textbook, industry examples, infrastructure maps, specialization cases
Textbook, Figure 2.2, cost analysis examples, industry cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 27-28

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Existence of small firms and their advantages
Environmental impact and health implications
Maintaining healthy environment and business responsibility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze reasons for small firm survival
-Examine less capital requirements for small firms
-Discuss limited market suitability for small operations
-Evaluate simplicity of small firm management
-Analyze personalized service advantages
-Examine flexibility benefits of small firms
-Discuss quick decision-making advantages
-Evaluate convenient location benefits
-Compare small vs large firm advantages
-Assess market conditions favoring small firms

- Identify production activities' environmental effects
-Analyze environmental degradation from farming
-Examine desertification from deforestation
-Discuss air pollution from industrial activities
-Analyze water pollution from factory chemicals
-Examine solid waste pollution problems
-Evaluate community health endangerment
-Discuss disease vector habitat creation
-Analyze respiratory diseases from air pollution
-Examine aquatic life extermination effects

- Discussion on small firm survival factors
-Analysis of capital requirement differences
-Case studies on Kenyan market limitations
-Examination of management simplicity
-Group work on personal contact benefits
-Discussion on business flexibility advantages
-Analysis of decision-making speed
-Case studies on convenient customer locations
-Comparison exercises between firm sizes
-Examination of developing country markets

- Discussion on environmental degradation causes
-Analysis of soil fertility reduction
-Case studies on deforestation effects
-Examination of mining dust and factory gases
-Group work on water pollution sources
-Discussion on chemical drainage effects
-Analysis of garbage disposal problems
-Case studies on community health effects
-Examination of disease vector habitats
-Discussion on long-term environmental damage

Textbook, small business examples, market analysis, comparison charts
Textbook, environmental examples, health data, pollution cases
Textbook, environmental conservation examples, law documents

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 29-30
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 30-31

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Pertinent issues - workers' rights and child labor
Environmental degradation, localization effects and practical applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze workers' rights and human rights issues
-Examine exploitative labor practices
-Discuss meager wages and salary problems
-Evaluate employee morale and productivity effects
-Analyze industrial disturbances and strikes
-Examine fair treatment and welfare policies
-Discuss conducive work environment creation
-Evaluate women's workplace protection
-Analyze child labor exploitation problems
-Examine Children's Act and legal compliance

- Discussion on workers' rights violations
-Analysis of exploitative wage practices
-Case studies on industrial strikes
-Group work on employee welfare policies
-Examination of work environment improvement
-Discussion on women's workplace rights
-Analysis of child labor prohibition
-Case studies on Children's Act compliance
-Examination of education opportunity denial
-Discussion on ethical labor practices

Textbook, labor law documents, case studies, Children's Act
Textbook, environmental cases, urban planning examples, assessment materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

PRODUCT MARKETS

Introduction and meaning of market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market in different contexts and applications
-Distinguish between market as meeting place and geographical area
-Explain market as price/business rate concept
-Identify essential features of any market
-Analyze contact between sellers and buyers

- Brainstorming on different market meanings
-Discussion on market contexts and applications
-Analysis of market as meeting place vs area
-Group work on essential market features
-Case studies on seller-buyer contact

Textbook, market examples, charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40

PRODUCT MARKETS

Essential features and product market definition
Types of product markets overview
Pure competition - sellers, buyers and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify presence of sellers and buyers
-Examine commodity for sale requirements
-Analyze acceptable medium of exchange
-Define product markets comprehensively
-Classify markets by area, commodity and scale

- Explain many sellers and buyers concept
-Analyze individual seller/buyer market impact
-Define homogeneous products
-Examine product similarity requirements
-Discuss buyer preference absence

- Discussion on market features
-Analysis of seller-buyer requirements
-Case studies on exchange mediums
-Group work on product market definition
-Classification exercises on market types

- Discussion on many sellers/buyers
-Analysis of individual market impact
-Case studies on homogeneous products
-Group work on product similarity
-Examination of buyer indifference

Textbook, market scenarios, classification charts
Textbook, market structure charts, examples
Textbook, competition examples, product cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40-41
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pure competition - restraints and factor mobility
Pure competition - costs and market knowledge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain absence of artificial restraints
-Analyze price determination freedom
-Examine factor mobility requirements
-Discuss alternative factor uses
-Evaluate geographical factor movement

- Discussion on restraint absence
-Analysis of free price determination
-Case studies on factor mobility
-Group work on alternative uses
-Examination of factor movement

Textbook, factor examples, mobility cases
Textbook, transport examples, information cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Perfect competition vs pure competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish perfect from pure competition
-Analyze degree differences
-Examine adjustment time differences
-Discuss economic analysis purposes
-Evaluate theoretical importance

- Discussion on competition distinctions
-Analysis of adjustment mechanisms
-Case studies on market adjustments
-Group work on theoretical purposes
-Examination of economic analysis

Textbook, comparison charts, theory examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Criticism of perfect competition
Monopoly definition and characteristics
Causes of monopoly - ownership and technical factors
Causes of monopoly - market and business factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze homogeneous product rarity
-Examine consumer variety preferences
-Discuss large-scale operation tendencies
-Evaluate firm location realities
-Assess government interference presence

- Analyze factor ownership monopoly
-Examine production technique ownership
-Discuss exclusive technical know-how
-Evaluate resource control effects
-Assess capital requirement barriers

- Discussion on perfect competition limitations
-Analysis of product variety needs
-Case studies on scale economies
-Group work on location factors
-Examination of government intervention

- Discussion on ownership monopoly
-Analysis of technique control
-Case studies on technical know-how
-Group work on resource control
-Examination of capital barriers

Textbook, criticism examples, reality cases
Textbook, monopoly examples, Figure 3.1
Textbook, ownership examples, capital cases
Textbook, market examples, merger cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

PRODUCT MARKETS

Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify massive profit advantages
-Analyze government revenue benefits
-Examine price stability benefits
-Discuss poor quality problems
-Evaluate limited variety and exorbitant pricing

- Discussion on monopoly advantages
-Analysis of government revenue
-Case studies on price stability
-Group work on quality problems
-Examination of pricing issues

Textbook, advantage/disadvantage examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - definition and features
Monopolistic competition - product differentiation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define monopolistic competition
-Analyze competition-monopoly combination
-Examine many buyers and sellers
-Discuss similar but differentiated products
-Evaluate real-life market relevance

- Discussion on monopolistic competition
-Analysis of market combination
-Case studies on buyers/sellers
-Group work on product differentiation
-Examination of real market examples

Textbook, competition examples, Kenyan cases
Textbook, differentiation examples, brand cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - operations and interdependence
Oligopoly - definition and characteristics
Oligopoly features - market control and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze free entry and exit
-Examine firm interdependence
-Discuss non-price competition
-Evaluate price setting considerations
-Assess competitive responses

- Define oligopoly market structure
-Identify few large firms characteristic
-Analyze significant activity impact
-Examine rivalry and interdependence
-Discuss duopoly as special case

- Discussion on entry/exit freedom
-Analysis of firm interactions
-Case studies on non-price competition
-Group work on price setting
-Examination of competitive responses

- Discussion on oligopoly definition
-Analysis of few large firms
-Case studies on market impact
-Group work on interdependence
-Examination of duopoly examples

Textbook, operation examples, competition cases
Textbook, oligopoly examples, rivalry cases
Textbook, control examples, sugar market cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47

PRODUCT MARKETS

Oligopoly - collusion and kinked demand curve
Kinked demand curve analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze collusion and cartel formation
-Examine profit maximization strategies
-Define kinked demand curve
-Discuss price rigidity explanation
-Evaluate elastic vs inelastic curves

- Discussion on collusion benefits
-Analysis of cartel formation
-Case studies on kinked demand
-Group work on price rigidity
-Examination of Figure 3.2

Textbook, collusion examples, Figure 3.2, graph papers
Textbook, price examples, elasticity cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - monopoly insensitivity and hoarding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze customer insensitivity problems
-Examine impersonal service attitudes
-Discuss hoarding and overcharging
-Evaluate artificial shortage creation
-Assess "take it or leave it" mentality

- Discussion on monopoly problems
-Analysis of customer treatment
-Case studies on hoarding practices
-Group work on artificial shortages
-Examination of service attitudes

Textbook, monopoly cases, hoarding examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - government protection and liberalization
Pertinent issues - cartels and overcharging
Pertinent issues - business integrity and honest practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze infant industry protection
-Examine protection abuse problems
-Discuss growth refusal issues
-Evaluate liberalization policy effects
-Assess consumer supremacy importance

- Analyze integrity requirements
-Examine honest business practices
-Discuss profitable honesty
-Evaluate long-term vs short-term benefits
-Assess ethical business conduct

- Discussion on protection policies
-Analysis of infant industry abuse
-Case studies on liberalization
-Group work on consumer rights
-Examination of policy effects

- Discussion on business integrity
-Analysis of honest practices
-Case studies on ethical conduct
-Group work on long-term benefits
-Examination of sustainable practices

Textbook, protection examples, liberalization cases
Textbook, cartel examples, matatu cases, petroleum industry
Textbook, integrity examples, ethical cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - product differentiation and advertising
Learning activities - market identification
Learning activities - trader interviews

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze differentiation problems
-Examine customer retention strategies
-Discuss misleading advertisements
-Evaluate false information problems
-Assess honest advertising practices

- Interview local traders
-Determine trader market types
-Analyze business operations
-Examine pricing strategies
-Assess customer relations

- Discussion on differentiation issues
-Analysis of advertising problems
-Case studies on misleading ads
-Group work on honest advertising
-Examination of ethical marketing

- Trader interview activities
-Data collection exercises
-Analysis of business practices
-Group work on findings
-Examination of market behavior

Textbook, advertising examples, marketing cases
Market visit guides, observation sheets
Interview guides, data collection sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Meaning of distribution and process
Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define distribution and explain its derivation
-Analyze the wide range of distribution activities
-Examine material handling, storage, packaging and transportation
-Explain how distribution bridges producer-consumer gap
-Describe the process from production to consumption
-Identify the role of intermediaries in distribution

- Discussion on distribution meaning and activities
-Analysis of material handling and storage
-Case studies on packaging and transportation
-Group work on producer-consumer gap
-Examination of distribution process
-Role play on intermediary functions

Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials
Textbook, trader examples, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors
Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze export merchants and their operations
-Examine import merchants and direct importers
-Discuss stockist distributors and specialization
-Evaluate merchant traders' market assistance
-Analyze skilled staff employment by stockists
-Examine after-sale services provision

- Discussion on export/import operations
-Analysis of merchant trader functions
-Case studies on stockist specialization
-Group work on market assistance
-Examination of after-sale services
-Practical examples of merchant operations

Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases
Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers
Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution
Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define brokers and their connecting functions
-Analyze export and import broker operations
-Examine clearing and forwarding agents
-Discuss warehouse keepers and storage services
-Analyze brokerage and demurrage fees
-Evaluate lien rights of agents

- Summarize intermediaries' comprehensive roles
-Analyze purchase, sorting, grading and packaging
-Examine clearance and supply facilitation
-Define channels of distribution
-Analyze Figure 4.2 chain of distribution
-Discuss interrelated functions in chains

- Discussion on broker functions
-Analysis of clearing agent services
-Case studies on warehousing operations
-Group work on fee structures
-Examination of lien rights
-Practical examples of non-trading agents

- Discussion on intermediary roles
-Analysis of comprehensive functions
-Case studies on chain formation
-Group work on Figure 4.2 analysis
-Examination of function relationships
-Practical examples of distribution chains

Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases
Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples
Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45-46

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Four-level channels and product distribution patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze four-level channel complexity
-Examine agricultural produce distribution
-Discuss farmer-cooperative-board-retailer chains
-Analyze locally produced agricultural goods
-Examine locally manufactured goods distribution
-Evaluate imported goods distribution patterns

- Discussion on four-level channels
-Analysis of Figures 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
-Case studies on agricultural marketing
-Group work on manufacturing distribution
-Examination of import channels
-Practical examples of all product types

Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors
Product nature and market development factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze factors in channel selection
-Examine cost considerations in channel choice
-Discuss availability of distribution channels
-Evaluate business objectives and policies
-Analyze unique product presentation needs
-Examine relationship between policies and channels

- Discussion on channel selection factors
-Analysis of cost-benefit considerations
-Case studies on channel availability
-Group work on business objectives
-Examination of policy alignment
-Practical examples of channel choice

Textbook, channel selection examples
Textbook, product examples, market cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors
Choice of specific intermediary within channels
Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze financial strength impact on channels
-Examine reputation and goodwill effects
-Discuss competitor channel performance
-Evaluate consumer factors in channel choice
-Analyze transport and communication networks
-Examine financial support from channel operators

- Analyze HIV/AIDS prevalence in distribution
-Examine travel and family separation effects
-Discuss discipline and moral responsibility
-Analyze fatigue and accident relationships
-Examine distribution truck safety
-Evaluate operator care and scheduling

- Discussion on financial considerations
-Analysis of reputation effects
-Case studies on competitive channels
-Group work on consumer factors
-Examination of infrastructure impact
-Practical examples of support mechanisms

- Discussion on HIV/AIDS challenges
-Analysis of travel separation effects
-Case studies on moral responsibility
-Group work on fatigue prevention
-Examination of safety measures
-Practical examples of responsible scheduling

Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases
Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases
Textbook, health examples, safety cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50-51
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51-52

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Child labor and environmental degradation issues
Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices
Learning activities, research and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze child labor temptations in distribution
-Examine under-age employment illegality
-Discuss children's rights violations
-Analyze environmental degradation from trucks
-Examine pollution from distribution activities
-Evaluate proper worker employment practices

- Discussion on child labor issues
-Analysis of rights violations
-Case studies on environmental damage
-Group work on pollution prevention
-Examination of proper employment
-Practical examples of responsible practices

Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases
Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases
Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52