DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Definition of demand, effective demand and law of demand

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define demand and effective demand with examples
-Distinguish between desire and demand using real scenarios
-Explain purchasing power concept and its importance
-State the law of demand with detailed explanation
-Identify and explain ceteris paribus assumption
-Apply law of demand to various commodity examples

- Brainstorming on demand meaning using market scenarios
-Group discussions on desire vs demand with case studies
-Analysis of purchasing power using local examples
-Guided discovery of law of demand through price experiments
-Role play: buyer behavior at different price levels
-Practical applications using bread, milk, transport examples

Textbook, charts, local commodity examples, market scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 1-3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Demand schedule, demand curve and interpretation
Factors influencing demand - comprehensive analysis
Movement along demand curve vs shift in demand curve

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare individual and market demand schedules
-Interpret demand schedule data and relationships
-Draw demand curves from demand schedules
-Explain downward sloping nature of demand curves
-Plot and identify specific points on demand curves
-Compare individual vs market demand curves
-Analyze Table 1.1 bread example in detail

- Practical preparation of demand schedules using textbook data
-Step-by-step construction of demand curves
-Analysis and interpretation of Table 1.1
-Guided plotting of Figure 1.2 with explanations
-Group work on creating different demand schedules
-Calculations and graph work with various commodities
-Discussion on slope significance and market implications

Textbook, graph papers, rulers, calculators, Table 1.1 data
Textbook, case studies, examples of complementary goods, cultural scenarios
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figure 1.3 and 1.4

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 3-4

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Types of demand with detailed examples and applications
Meaning of supply, law of supply and supply schedule
Supply curve and factors influencing supply
Movement along supply curve, shift in supply curve and types of supply
Equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity and market analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define joint demand with comprehensive examples
-Explain derived demand with industrial applications
-Describe composite demand with multiple uses
-Identify competitive demand with substitute examples
-Analyze relationships between different demand types
-Apply demand types to Kenyan economic scenarios
-Examine how demand types affect pricing
-Discuss implications for producers and consumers
-Create demand type classification charts

- Explain movement along supply curve in detail
-Distinguish between expansion and contraction of supply
-Identify factors causing movement along supply curve
-Explain shift in supply curve with comprehensive examples
-Identify factors causing rightward and leftward shifts
-Define and explain joint supply with examples
-Describe competitive supply with agricultural examples
-Explain composite supply with substitute examples
-Compare all types of supply with detailed analysis

- Detailed analysis of joint demand (tea-sugar, bread-butter)
-Case studies on derived demand (machinery-raw materials)
-Discussion on composite demand (cotton for blankets/clothes)
-Analysis of competitive demand (matatus vs buses)
-Group work creating demand type examples
-Role play showing different demand relationships
-Construction of demand type classification charts
-Practical applications to local business scenarios

- Guided drawing of supply movements using Figure 1.7
-Analysis of expansion vs contraction scenarios
-Detailed drawing of supply shifts using Figure 1.8
-Case studies on cost changes causing shifts
-Analysis of joint supply (milk-butter, meat-hides)
-Discussion on competitive supply (sugarcane vs food crops)
-Examination of composite supply (beef-lamb, coffee-tea)
-Group work comparing all supply concepts
-Comprehensive graph work with multiple examples

Textbook, charts, local examples, case studies, Figure 1.5
Textbook, calculators, Table 1.2 data, charts, supplier examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, Figure 1.6, case studies, technology examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.7 and 1.8, agricultural examples
Textbook, calculators, graph papers, rulers, Table 1.3 data, Figure 1.9

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 5-6
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 8-10

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium
Effects of changes in demand on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define excess demand and excess supply
-Calculate excess quantities using textbook examples
-Explain causes of market disequilibrium
-Analyze effects of setting prices below equilibrium
-Examine effects of setting prices above equilibrium
-Discuss market adjustment mechanisms
-Explain competitive actions of buyers and sellers
-Analyze shortage and surplus situations
-Predict market behavior in disequilibrium

- Detailed calculations using shs 15 and shs 25 examples
-Analysis of excess demand at shs 15 (60-30=30 units)
-Examination of excess supply at shs 25 (50-30=20 units)
-Discussion on competitive buyer action pushing prices up
-Analysis of competitive seller action pushing prices down
-Case studies on real market shortage situations
-Group work on surplus scenarios
-Role play: market adjustment processes

Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.10 and 1.11

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 11-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in supply on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of supply curve impacts
-Understand mixed effects on price and quantity
-Examine effects of decrease in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of supply curve impacts
-Draw detailed diagrams showing supply change effects
-Compare supply increase vs decrease effects
-Predict equilibrium changes for each scenario
-Apply to production and market scenarios

- Guided analysis of supply increase using Figure 1.12
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward supply shift
-Analysis of price falling due to excess supply
-Examination of quantity increase due to more supply
-Detailed analysis of supply decrease using Figure 1.13
-Drawing of leftward supply shift
-Discussion on price rising due to shortage
-Analysis of quantity decrease due to less supply
-Comparison exercises and practical applications

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.12 and 1.13

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 14-16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY
SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Simultaneous changes in demand and supply
Other price determination methods and pertinent issues
Concept of firm and industry, factors determining size of firm

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze simultaneous increase in demand and supply
-Examine increase in demand with decrease in supply
-Study decrease in demand with decrease in supply
-Analyze decrease in demand with increase in supply
-Understand proportionate vs disproportionate changes
-Predict effects on equilibrium price and quantity
-Draw complex diagrams showing simultaneous changes
-Compare all four combination scenarios
-Apply to real market situations

- Define firm and industry with comprehensive examples
-Distinguish between firm and industry using local examples
-Identify and explain factors determining firm size
-Analyze number of employees as size determinant
-Examine volume of output and area covered
-Evaluate capital investment and market size factors
-Assess level of technology impact on firm size
-Classify firms as small, medium or large using criteria

- Comprehensive analysis of Figure 1.14 (both increase)
-Detailed examination of Figure 1.15 (demand up, supply down)
-Analysis of Figure 1.16 (both decrease)
-Study of Figure 1.17 (demand down, supply up)
-Group work on proportionate change analysis
-Drawing of complex equilibrium diagrams
-Discussion on big vs small changes in price/quantity
-Practical exercises with different scenarios
-Case studies on real market simultaneous changes

- Brainstorming on firm vs industry concepts
-Case studies on sugar companies (Mumias, Sony, Chemelil)
-Analysis of salt mining firms (Magadi Soda Company)
-Group work on transport industry examples
-Discussion on employee numbers in different firms
-Examination of output volumes and premises size
-Analysis of capital investment requirements
-Classification exercises using local business examples

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17
Textbook, case studies, government pricing examples, business ethics scenarios
Textbook, local business examples, charts, case studies

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 16-18
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 18-19

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Factors limiting firm size and production decisions
Government policies and location factors - comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain factors limiting firm size
-Analyze market size impact on firm expansion
-Examine availability of factors of production
-Discuss nature of product/service limitations
-Evaluate owner's decision impact on firm size
-Explain entrepreneurial decisions on production
-Analyze factors influencing what to produce
-Examine demand, resources and skills requirements
-Discuss technology, returns and cost considerations

- Case studies on transport industry reforms 2004
-Discussion on medical care and hairdressing services
-Analysis of owner preferences for small-scale operations
-Group work on production decision factors
-Examination of market demand analysis
-Discussion on resource availability for production
-Analysis of skill requirements for different businesses
-Case studies on technology choice decisions

Textbook, transport industry examples, service business cases, charts
Textbook, government policy examples, Figure 2.1, infrastructure maps

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 19-20

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Transport networks, security and localization concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate transport network importance for firm location
-Analyze road, railway, seaport and airport requirements
-Examine government physical planning policies
-Assess security services availability impact
-Discuss room for expansion considerations
-Analyze favorable climatic conditions for agro-businesses
-Define localization and territorial division of labor
-Explain firm concentration in favorable areas
-Identify advantages of localization for businesses

- Analysis of transport infrastructure requirements
-Discussion on roads, railways and ports accessibility
-Case studies on government physical planning
-Examination of security considerations for businesses
-Group work on expansion space requirements
-Analysis of floriculture and dairy farming locations
-Discussion on localization concept and examples
-Case studies on industrial area concentrations
-Analysis of specialized area development

Textbook, transport maps, security examples, agricultural cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 22-23

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Advantages and disadvantages of localization
Delocalisation policy and implementation
Advantages and disadvantages of delocalisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain employment creation through localization
-Analyze service industries development benefits
-Examine subsidiary industries creation
-Discuss economies of scale benefits
-Evaluate development and urbanization advantages
-Analyze congestion and overpopulation problems
-Examine increased crime rate issues
-Discuss adverse environmental problems
-Evaluate unbalanced regional development effects
-Assess massive unemployment possibilities

- Analyze balanced economic development benefits
-Examine raw materials market creation
-Discuss employment creation in many parts
-Evaluate service delivery to rural areas
-Assess urbanization acceleration benefits
-Analyze social problems reduction
-Examine difficulty in attracting required personnel
-Discuss challenges in accessing essential services
-Evaluate pollution and social evils spread
-Assess tax burden on government and taxpayers

- Discussion on employment opportunities creation
-Analysis of specialized service industries growth
-Case studies on subsidiary industries development
-Group work on large-scale production benefits
-Examination of infrastructure development
-Discussion on rural-urban migration effects
-Analysis of congestion and health hazards
-Case studies on crime and prostitution increases
-Examination of environmental pollution problems
-Discussion on regional development imbalances

- Discussion on balanced economic development
-Analysis of local raw materials market creation
-Case studies on rural employment creation
-Group work on rural service delivery improvement
-Examination of rural urbanization acceleration
-Discussion on reduced social problems
-Analysis of personnel attraction difficulties
-Case studies on essential services access
-Examination of pollution spread to rural areas
-Discussion on government incentive costs

Textbook, employment data, environmental examples, urban planning cases
Textbook, government policy documents, rural development cases
Textbook, rural development examples, cost-benefit analysis

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 23-24
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Economies of scale - internal economies comprehensive analysis
External economies and specialization benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economies of scale and their importance
-Distinguish between internal and external economies
-Analyze purchasing economies and bulk buying benefits
-Examine technical economies and specialized machinery
-Discuss staff economies and specialized personnel
-Evaluate financial economies and access to capital
-Analyze selling and marketing economies
-Examine staff welfare economies and employee benefits
-Discuss research economies and development benefits
-Evaluate inventory and transport economies

- Definition and explanation of economies concept
-Analysis of bulk purchasing discounts
-Case studies on specialized machinery benefits
-Discussion on specialized staff advantages
-Examination of asset-based borrowing capacity
-Group work on marketing advantages
-Analysis of employee welfare provision
-Case studies on research and development
-Discussion on inventory management benefits
-Examination of transport cost advantages

Textbook, business examples, machinery illustrations, financial cases
Textbook, industry examples, infrastructure maps, specialization cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25-27

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Diseconomies of scale - internal and external

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define diseconomies of scale and their causes
-Analyze Figure 2.2 LAC curve and diminishing returns
-Examine internal diseconomies affecting single firms
-Discuss marketing diseconomies and limited markets
-Analyze management diseconomies and complexity
-Examine factor market diseconomies and shortages
-Discuss overhead diseconomies and rising costs
-Evaluate technical diseconomies and capacity utilization
-Analyze external diseconomies affecting all firms
-Examine congestion, raw material and skilled labor shortages

- Analysis of Figure 2.2 and cost curve explanation
-Discussion on average cost increases
-Case studies on marketing difficulties
-Examination of management complexity problems
-Group work on factor shortage effects
-Analysis of overhead cost increases
-Discussion on equipment underutilization
-Case studies on industry-wide problems
-Examination of congestion and traffic costs
-Discussion on power shortages and rationing

Textbook, Figure 2.2, cost analysis examples, industry cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 28-29

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Existence of small firms and their advantages
Environmental impact and health implications
Maintaining healthy environment and business responsibility

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze reasons for small firm survival
-Examine less capital requirements for small firms
-Discuss limited market suitability for small operations
-Evaluate simplicity of small firm management
-Analyze personalized service advantages
-Examine flexibility benefits of small firms
-Discuss quick decision-making advantages
-Evaluate convenient location benefits
-Compare small vs large firm advantages
-Assess market conditions favoring small firms

- Identify ways to maintain healthy environment
-Analyze business responsibility to society
-Examine environmental conservation for future generations
-Discuss value addition to environment concept
-Evaluate general cleanliness and hygiene maintenance
-Analyze pollution control measures
-Examine appropriate farming and technology use
-Discuss afforestation and re-afforestation activities
-Evaluate appropriate mining and fishing techniques
-Assess environmental law observance requirements

- Discussion on small firm survival factors
-Analysis of capital requirement differences
-Case studies on Kenyan market limitations
-Examination of management simplicity
-Group work on personal contact benefits
-Discussion on business flexibility advantages
-Analysis of decision-making speed
-Case studies on convenient customer locations
-Comparison exercises between firm sizes
-Examination of developing country markets

- Discussion on business environmental responsibility
-Analysis of environmental conservation importance
-Case studies on value addition to environment
-Group work on cleanliness maintenance methods
-Examination of pollution control techniques
-Discussion on appropriate farming methods
-Analysis of afforestation programs
-Case studies on sustainable mining practices
-Examination of environmental law compliance
-Discussion on protective equipment provision

Textbook, small business examples, market analysis, comparison charts
Textbook, environmental examples, health data, pollution cases
Textbook, environmental conservation examples, law documents

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 29-30
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Pertinent issues - workers' rights and child labor
Environmental degradation, localization effects and practical applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze workers' rights and human rights issues
-Examine exploitative labor practices
-Discuss meager wages and salary problems
-Evaluate employee morale and productivity effects
-Analyze industrial disturbances and strikes
-Examine fair treatment and welfare policies
-Discuss conducive work environment creation
-Evaluate women's workplace protection
-Analyze child labor exploitation problems
-Examine Children's Act and legal compliance

- Discussion on workers' rights violations
-Analysis of exploitative wage practices
-Case studies on industrial strikes
-Group work on employee welfare policies
-Examination of work environment improvement
-Discussion on women's workplace rights
-Analysis of child labor prohibition
-Case studies on Children's Act compliance
-Examination of education opportunity denial
-Discussion on ethical labor practices

Textbook, labor law documents, case studies, Children's Act
Textbook, environmental cases, urban planning examples, assessment materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

PRODUCT MARKETS

Introduction and meaning of market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market in different contexts and applications
-Distinguish between market as meeting place and geographical area
-Explain market as price/business rate concept
-Identify essential features of any market
-Analyze contact between sellers and buyers

- Brainstorming on different market meanings
-Discussion on market contexts and applications
-Analysis of market as meeting place vs area
-Group work on essential market features
-Case studies on seller-buyer contact

Textbook, market examples, charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40

PRODUCT MARKETS

Essential features and product market definition
Types of product markets overview
Pure competition - sellers, buyers and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify presence of sellers and buyers
-Examine commodity for sale requirements
-Analyze acceptable medium of exchange
-Define product markets comprehensively
-Classify markets by area, commodity and scale

- Explain many sellers and buyers concept
-Analyze individual seller/buyer market impact
-Define homogeneous products
-Examine product similarity requirements
-Discuss buyer preference absence

- Discussion on market features
-Analysis of seller-buyer requirements
-Case studies on exchange mediums
-Group work on product market definition
-Classification exercises on market types

- Discussion on many sellers/buyers
-Analysis of individual market impact
-Case studies on homogeneous products
-Group work on product similarity
-Examination of buyer indifference

Textbook, market scenarios, classification charts
Textbook, market structure charts, examples
Textbook, competition examples, product cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40-41
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pure competition - restraints and factor mobility
Pure competition - costs and market knowledge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain absence of artificial restraints
-Analyze price determination freedom
-Examine factor mobility requirements
-Discuss alternative factor uses
-Evaluate geographical factor movement

- Discussion on restraint absence
-Analysis of free price determination
-Case studies on factor mobility
-Group work on alternative uses
-Examination of factor movement

Textbook, factor examples, mobility cases
Textbook, transport examples, information cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Perfect competition vs pure competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish perfect from pure competition
-Analyze degree differences
-Examine adjustment time differences
-Discuss economic analysis purposes
-Evaluate theoretical importance

- Discussion on competition distinctions
-Analysis of adjustment mechanisms
-Case studies on market adjustments
-Group work on theoretical purposes
-Examination of economic analysis

Textbook, comparison charts, theory examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Criticism of perfect competition
Monopoly definition and characteristics
Causes of monopoly - ownership and technical factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze homogeneous product rarity
-Examine consumer variety preferences
-Discuss large-scale operation tendencies
-Evaluate firm location realities
-Assess government interference presence

- Analyze factor ownership monopoly
-Examine production technique ownership
-Discuss exclusive technical know-how
-Evaluate resource control effects
-Assess capital requirement barriers

- Discussion on perfect competition limitations
-Analysis of product variety needs
-Case studies on scale economies
-Group work on location factors
-Examination of government intervention

- Discussion on ownership monopoly
-Analysis of technique control
-Case studies on technical know-how
-Group work on resource control
-Examination of capital barriers

Textbook, criticism examples, reality cases
Textbook, monopoly examples, Figure 3.1
Textbook, ownership examples, capital cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

PRODUCT MARKETS

Causes of monopoly - market and business factors
Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze market size limitations
-Examine government restrictions
-Discuss firm merging effects
-Evaluate restrictive practices
-Assess business combination impacts

- Discussion on market size effects
-Analysis of government protection
-Case studies on firm mergers
-Group work on restrictive practices
-Examination of business combinations

Textbook, market examples, merger cases
Textbook, advantage/disadvantage examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43-44

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - definition and features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define monopolistic competition
-Analyze competition-monopoly combination
-Examine many buyers and sellers
-Discuss similar but differentiated products
-Evaluate real-life market relevance

- Discussion on monopolistic competition
-Analysis of market combination
-Case studies on buyers/sellers
-Group work on product differentiation
-Examination of real market examples

Textbook, competition examples, Kenyan cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - product differentiation
Monopolistic competition - operations and interdependence
Oligopoly - definition and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze product differentiation methods
-Examine color, taste, smell variations
-Discuss shape, texture, packaging
-Evaluate brand attachment creation
-Assess advertising and price control

- Define oligopoly market structure
-Identify few large firms characteristic
-Analyze significant activity impact
-Examine rivalry and interdependence
-Discuss duopoly as special case

- Discussion on differentiation methods
-Analysis of variation techniques
-Case studies on product variations
-Group work on brand attachment
-Examination of advertising effects

- Discussion on oligopoly definition
-Analysis of few large firms
-Case studies on market impact
-Group work on interdependence
-Examination of duopoly examples

Textbook, differentiation examples, brand cases
Textbook, operation examples, competition cases
Textbook, oligopoly examples, rivalry cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45-46
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47

PRODUCT MARKETS

Oligopoly features - market control and products
Oligopoly - collusion and kinked demand curve

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze market share control
-Examine pricing and output interdependence
-Distinguish differentiated vs pure oligopoly
-Discuss product homogeneity/differentiation
-Evaluate substitute relationships

- Discussion on market control
-Analysis of interdependence effects
-Case studies on oligopoly types
-Group work on product characteristics
-Examination of sugar market example

Textbook, control examples, sugar market cases
Textbook, collusion examples, Figure 3.2, graph papers

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47

PRODUCT MARKETS

Kinked demand curve analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze price increase effects
-Examine demand decrease consequences
-Discuss consumer switching behavior
-Evaluate price decrease effects
-Assess competitor response patterns

- Discussion on price change effects
-Analysis of demand elasticity
-Case studies on consumer behavior
-Group work on competitor responses
-Examination of price stability

Textbook, price examples, elasticity cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - monopoly insensitivity and hoarding
Pertinent issues - government protection and liberalization
Pertinent issues - cartels and overcharging

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze customer insensitivity problems
-Examine impersonal service attitudes
-Discuss hoarding and overcharging
-Evaluate artificial shortage creation
-Assess "take it or leave it" mentality

- Identify cartel operations
-Analyze matatu operator examples
-Examine petroleum product sellers
-Discuss disproportionate price increases
-Evaluate new entrant prevention

- Discussion on monopoly problems
-Analysis of customer treatment
-Case studies on hoarding practices
-Group work on artificial shortages
-Examination of service attitudes

- Discussion on cartel practices
-Analysis of matatu operations
-Case studies on petroleum cartels
-Group work on pricing patterns
-Examination of market barriers

Textbook, monopoly cases, hoarding examples
Textbook, protection examples, liberalization cases
Textbook, cartel examples, matatu cases, petroleum industry

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - business integrity and honest practices
Pertinent issues - product differentiation and advertising

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze integrity requirements
-Examine honest business practices
-Discuss profitable honesty
-Evaluate long-term vs short-term benefits
-Assess ethical business conduct

- Discussion on business integrity
-Analysis of honest practices
-Case studies on ethical conduct
-Group work on long-term benefits
-Examination of sustainable practices

Textbook, integrity examples, ethical cases
Textbook, advertising examples, marketing cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Meaning of distribution and process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define distribution and explain its derivation
-Analyze the wide range of distribution activities
-Examine material handling, storage, packaging and transportation
-Explain how distribution bridges producer-consumer gap
-Describe the process from production to consumption
-Identify the role of intermediaries in distribution

- Discussion on distribution meaning and activities
-Analysis of material handling and storage
-Case studies on packaging and transportation
-Group work on producer-consumer gap
-Examination of distribution process
-Role play on intermediary functions

Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders
Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors
Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify intermediaries based on ownership
-Define merchant traders and their characteristics
-Analyze merchant traders' risk assumption
-Define agent traders and principal relationships
-Distinguish between merchant and agent traders
-Examine ownership and possession concepts

- Define commission agents and their functions
-Analyze del credere commission agents
-Examine factors and their ownership characteristics
-Discuss auctioneers and competitive bidding
-Analyze local representatives and appointments
-Evaluate trading agents' commission systems

- Discussion on intermediary classification
-Analysis of merchant trader characteristics
-Case studies on risk assumption
-Group work on agent-principal relationships
-Comparison exercises between types
-Practical examples of both trader types

- Discussion on commission agent operations
-Analysis of del credere agents
-Case studies on factor operations
-Group work on auction processes
-Examination of Figure 4.1 auctioneer
-Practical examples of trading agents

Textbook, trader examples, classification charts
Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases
Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43-44

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers
Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define brokers and their connecting functions
-Analyze export and import broker operations
-Examine clearing and forwarding agents
-Discuss warehouse keepers and storage services
-Analyze brokerage and demurrage fees
-Evaluate lien rights of agents

- Discussion on broker functions
-Analysis of clearing agent services
-Case studies on warehousing operations
-Group work on fee structures
-Examination of lien rights
-Practical examples of non-trading agents

Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases
Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define channel levels and intermediary numbers
-Analyze zero-level direct marketing
-Examine one-level channels and Bata example
-Discuss two-level consumer goods channels
-Analyze three-level intermediary chains
-Evaluate channel level selection factors

- Discussion on channel level concepts
-Analysis of Figures 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
-Case studies on Bata Shoe Company
-Group work on level comparisons
-Examination of consumer goods distribution
-Practical examples of all channel levels

Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Four-level channels and product distribution patterns
Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors
Product nature and market development factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze four-level channel complexity
-Examine agricultural produce distribution
-Discuss farmer-cooperative-board-retailer chains
-Analyze locally produced agricultural goods
-Examine locally manufactured goods distribution
-Evaluate imported goods distribution patterns

- Analyze product nature impact on channels
-Examine high unit value products
-Discuss perishable goods distribution
-Analyze standardization effects
-Examine market development stages
-Evaluate new vs established product channels

- Discussion on four-level channels
-Analysis of Figures 4.7, 4.8, 4.9
-Case studies on agricultural marketing
-Group work on manufacturing distribution
-Examination of import channels
-Practical examples of all product types

- Discussion on product characteristics
-Analysis of value and perishability
-Case studies on standardization
-Group work on market development
-Examination of product lifecycle
-Practical examples of product-channel matching

Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples
Textbook, channel selection examples
Textbook, product examples, market cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48
Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49-50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors
Choice of specific intermediary within channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze financial strength impact on channels
-Examine reputation and goodwill effects
-Discuss competitor channel performance
-Evaluate consumer factors in channel choice
-Analyze transport and communication networks
-Examine financial support from channel operators

- Discussion on financial considerations
-Analysis of reputation effects
-Case studies on competitive channels
-Group work on consumer factors
-Examination of infrastructure impact
-Practical examples of support mechanisms

Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases
Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50-51

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze HIV/AIDS prevalence in distribution
-Examine travel and family separation effects
-Discuss discipline and moral responsibility
-Analyze fatigue and accident relationships
-Examine distribution truck safety
-Evaluate operator care and scheduling

- Discussion on HIV/AIDS challenges
-Analysis of travel separation effects
-Case studies on moral responsibility
-Group work on fatigue prevention
-Examination of safety measures
-Practical examples of responsible scheduling

Textbook, health examples, safety cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51-52

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Child labor and environmental degradation issues
Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices
Learning activities, research and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze child labor temptations in distribution
-Examine under-age employment illegality
-Discuss children's rights violations
-Analyze environmental degradation from trucks
-Examine pollution from distribution activities
-Evaluate proper worker employment practices

- Discussion on child labor issues
-Analysis of rights violations
-Case studies on environmental damage
-Group work on pollution prevention
-Examination of proper employment
-Practical examples of responsible practices

Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases
Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases
Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52