EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To define homeostasis and excretion.
To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals.

Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.

Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.

Some plants excretory products.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.
The kidneys structure.
The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Describe features of the nephron.

Exposition and discussion.
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.

Detailed discussion.

chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.

Probing questions.

Discussion

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.

Exposition and discussion.

text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.
To describe water and salts balance in the body.

Exposition and discussion.
Detailed discussion.

text book
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 100-101

CLASSIFICATION II

Principles of classification of living organisms...

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of classification of organisms.
Discuss the general principles of classification.
Identify major taxonomic units.

Q/A: To review Classification I.

Discussion of principles of classification of organisms.

Q/A: Major taxonomic units.

Chart- Taxonomic units.

KLB BK III.
PP 1-2. CERTIFICATE PG 1 

CLASSIFICATION II

Binomial Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a species.
To explain features of a species.
To explain principles of binomial nomenclature.

Probing questions leading to definition of a species.
Give examples of breeds and varieties.
Discuss the double- naming system and the underlying features.

Chart- Examples of generic and specific names of organisms.

KLB BK III.P 2. CERTIFICATE PG 3

CLASSIFICATION II

Animal Kingdoms. Kingdom Monera.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the five animal kingdoms.

State characteristics of members of kingdom Monera.
To identify and draw various bacteria.
To explain how bacteria affect our lives.

Expository approach -The teacher will expose the five kingdoms.
Discussion- General characteristics of unicellular and microscopic organisms.
Drawing and labeling a bacterium.

Q/A: Economic importance of bacteria.

Chart- Types of bacteria

KLB BK III.P 3. CERTIFICATE PG 4

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Protoctista.
Organisms with varied forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To state general characteristics of members of kingdom Protoctista.

To draw and label an amoeba, paramecium, spirogyra, e.t.c.

Teacher leads in a discussion.
Drawing and labelling organisms with varied forms.

chart
Wall charts.

KLB BK III.
PP 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 8
KLB BK III. P 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 9

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms in pond water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organisms in pond water.

Examine a drop of pond water on a glass slide under a microscope.
Draw diagrams of organisms observed.
Compare the observed organisms with those previously drawn and labelled.

Microscope
Water dropper
Pond water
Glass slides.

KLB BK III. P. 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 10

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom fungi.
To discuss economic importance of fungi.
To state general characteristics of fungi.

Detailed discussion.
Exposition of new concepts/ terms.

Mushrooms,
Yeast,
Bread mould.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 11

CLASSIFICATION II

Diagrams of Fungi.
Kingdom Plantae. General characteristics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label various fungi.

Examine bread mould.
Draw and label diagrams of various fngi.

Wall charts,
Bread mould,
Yeast,
Edible mushroom.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 12

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Bryophyta External structure of a Bryophyta.
Division Pteridophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general characteristics of Bryophyta.
To draw and label external features of an identified Bryophyta.
To identify features of Bryophyta.

To state general characteristics of Pteridophytes.
To draw and label external features of Pteridophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion. Students examine moss plant under a hand lens, then
Draw and label the moss plant.
Teacher leads in a discussion on characteristics of Pteridophytes.
Class experiments: To observe a live or preserved fern.
To draw and label the fern.

Moss plant,
Hand lens,
Slide.
A live or preserved fern.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 14
KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 15

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Spermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of spermatophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on spermatophytes.

text book

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG 16

CLASSIFICATION II

Features of Spermatophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify features of spermatophytes.

Class experiments: To examine a complete specimen of a bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

Complete specimens of bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Sub-division Gymnospermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of gymnospermatophyta.

Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Subdivision Angiospermaphyta.
Class Monocotyledonae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of angiospermaphyta.
To list down characteristics of Monocotyledonae.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Comparing gymnospermatophyta and angiospermaphyta.

Class experiments: Examine maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Discuss external features of the plants.

text book
Maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.

KLB BK III. P 10. CERTIFICATE PG 16
KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Dicotyledonae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down characteristics of Dicotyledonae.

Class experiments: Examine external features of bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
Discuss their external features.

Bean plant/ black jack/ tea.

KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Animalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of kingdom Animalia.

Q/A: To review general characteristics of animals as compared to those of plants.

text book

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 18

CLASSIFICATION II

Phyllum Arthropoda.
Class Crustacea.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Arthropoda.

Q/A: General characteristics of Arthropoda.

Specimens of a crab/ crayfish.

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 19

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Chilopoda.
Class Diplopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of a centipede.
To describe external features of a milipede.

Examine a centipede.
Draw and label a centipede.
Discuss general characteristics of Chilopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

Examine a milipede.
Draw and label a milipede.
Discuss general characteristics of diplopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

A centipede.

A milipede.

KLB BK III. P 14. CERTIFICATE PG 20
KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Arachnida.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of mites, spiders, scorpions, ticks.

Examine specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Q/A: Differences between arachnids and members of other classes.
Discuss general characteristics of Arachnida.

Specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Insecta.
Phyllum Chordata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of common insects.
To identify general characteristics of chordates.

Examine live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honeybee, termite, e.t.c.
List down general characteristics of insecta.
Discuss economic importance of insects.

Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.

Live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honey-bee, termite, e.t.c.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 21
KLB BK III. PP 16-18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Pisces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.

Chart tilapia fish.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Amphibia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.

Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.

Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Reptilia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of reptilia.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 24

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Aves.
Class Mammalia.
Dichotomous key.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of aves.
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.

Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.

Chart- Diagrams of birds.
Diagrams of various mammals.

KLB BK III. P 19. CERTIFICATE PG 24
KLB BK III. P 23. CERTIFICATE PG 27

CLASSIFICATION II

Features for identifying animals / plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list identification features for animals/ plants.

Teacher exposes features for identifying animals/ plants.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG 27

CLASSIFICATION II

Examples of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct dichotomous keys using leaves, stems, e.t.c.

Teacher leads through constructed dichotomous keys.

Chart- Constructed dichotomous keys.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG28

CLASSIFICATION II

Construction of dichotomous keys.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.

Supervised exercise.

Written exercise.

Exercise review.

Plants from different families.

Different plant species.

KLB BK III. PP 24-30 CERTIFICATE PG30

ECOLOGY

Concepts of ecology.
Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To differentiate between autecology and synecology.
Define various concepts used in ecology.

To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts and explains their underlying meanings.
Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.

text book

KLB BK III. P 33 CERTIFICATE PG36
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38

ECOLOGY

Measuring abiotic factors.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To measure abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.

Group activities- Measuring temperature, humidity, pH.
Answering related questions.

Thermometers
pH meter e.t.c.

KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG39

ECOLOGY

Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition.
To interpret graphs representing competition between two species.
To define an ecological niche and a habitat.

Teacher exposes new concepts.


Teacher leads in interpreting graphs showing competition.

Q/A: Deductions from graphs.

Chart , graphs.

KLB BK III. P 35. CERTIFICATE PG 50

ECOLOGY

- Predation.
- Parasitism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a predator and a prey.
To describe adaptive characteristics of various predators.

Q/A: Pairs of predators and preys.
Discussion: Adaptive characteristics of leopards, hawks, praying mantis, lions, e.t.c

text book
Specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.

KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 51

ECOLOGY

- Symbiosis and Saprophytism.
The Nitrogen cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define symbiosis and saprophytism.
To explain economic importance of symbiosis and saprophytism.



Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Explain importance of micro-organisms in root nodules of plants.

Detailed discussion.

Examples of symbiants and saprophytic organisms.
Discuss flow chart of nitrogen cycle.

text book
Chart-Nitrogen cycle.

KLB BK III. P 38. CERTIFICATE PG  57
KLB BK III. PP 40-41. CERTIFICATE PG58

ECOLOGY

Trophic levels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various trophic levels occupied by organisms.
To describe energy flow in an ecosystem.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis; carnivores, herbivores,
Discuss trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Flow chart- Energy flow in an ecosystem.

KLB BK III. PP 40-42 CERTIFICATE PG 43

ECOLOGY

Food chains.
Food webs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a food chain.
To give examples of food chains.
To identify trophic levels of organism(s) in a food chain.

Teacher gives an illustration of a food chain; then gives specific examples.
Q/A: Trophic levels of organisms in a food chain.

chart
charts

KLB BK III. P 42. CERTIFICATE PG46