Living Things and Their Environment

Fungi Common fungi
Fungi Types of fungi

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define fungi
Identify common fungi in the environment
Show interest in learning about fungi

- Use print and non-print materials to search for images of common fungi
Share findings with peers
Discuss the colors and shapes of fungi observed

What are fungi?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 1
Digital resources
Internet access and reference books
Charts showing different types of fungi
Digital devices

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Fungi Growing moulds
Fungi Features of moulds
Fungi Edible fungi
Fungi Yeast
Fungi Economic importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Grow moulds on different food materials
Observe and record changes in the food materials
Practice safety when handling fungi

- Grow moulds on available food materials like bread, bananas or ugali
Observe the food materials daily and record changes
Discuss safety precautions when handling fungi

How do fungi grow?

- Food materials (bread, bananas, ugali)
Magnifying glass
Water
Small containers
mentor science and technology
pg. 2
- Mouldy food materials
pg. 3
Charts showing mould growth
- mentor science and technology
pg. 4
Digital devices
Charts showing edible fungi
Internet access
pg. 5
Yeast samples
Bread, mandazi and cake samples
Digital resources
pg. 6
Charts

- Observation Written records Practical assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

Fungi Decomposition
Fungi Safe handling
Fungi Poisonous fungi

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the role of fungi in decomposition
Describe how fungi help in soil fertility
Show interest in environmental conservation

- Discuss how fungi break down dead matter
Explain how decomposition helps in soil fertility
Observe decomposing materials in the environment

How do fungi help in soil fertility?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 7
Decomposing materials
Digital resources
Charts
Safety equipment (gloves, masks)
Charts showing safety procedures
Digital devices
Charts showing poisonous fungi
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Fungi Food preservation
Fungi Ecological importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Demonstrate knowledge of fungi preservation
Explain how fungi are used in food preservation
Appreciate the role of fungi in food industry

- Discuss how fungi are used in food preservation
Observe fermented food products
Demonstrate a simple fermentation process

How are fungi used in food preservation?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 7
Fermented food samples
Digital resources
Charts
Digital devices
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Practical assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Introduction
Invertebrates Safety
Invertebrates Characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define invertebrates
Identify common invertebrates in the environment
Show interest in learning about invertebrates

- Use print and non-print materials to search for information on common invertebrates
Discuss different types of invertebrates
Observe pictures or videos of common invertebrates

What are invertebrates?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 8
Digital devices
Charts showing invertebrates
Internet access
pg. 9
Safety equipment (gloves, containers)
Charts showing safety precautions
Digital resources
pg. 10
Charts showing invertebrate features

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Insects
Invertebrates Spiders and ticks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the different groups of invertebrates
Describe the characteristics of insects
Show interest in learning about insects

- Group invertebrates into different categories
Discuss the characteristics of insects
Observe and identify different insects in the environment

What are the characteristics of insects?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 11
Digital devices
Insect specimens or pictures
Charts
pg. 12
Pictures or specimens of spiders, ticks, and mites

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Millipedes and centipedes
Invertebrates Snails and slugs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify millipedes and centipedes in the environment
Describe the characteristics of millipedes and centipedes
Appreciate the diversity of invertebrates

- Observe pictures or specimens of millipedes and centipedes
Discuss the characteristics of millipedes and centipedes
Compare and contrast millipedes and centipedes

How do millipedes differ from centipedes?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 13
Pictures or specimens of millipedes and centipedes
Digital devices
Charts
pg. 14
Pictures or specimens of snails and slugs

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Worms
Invertebrates Sea invertebrates
Invertebrates Invertebrates as food

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify worms in the environment
Describe the characteristics of worms
Appreciate the role of worms in soil aeration

- Observe pictures or specimens of different types of worms
Discuss the characteristics of worms
Explain the importance of earthworms in soil aeration

How are worms important to the environment?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 15
Pictures or specimens of worms
Digital devices
Charts
pg. 16
Pictures or videos of sea invertebrates
pg. 17
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Pollinators
Invertebrates Soil aeration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the role of invertebrates in pollination
Identify pollinators in the environment
Appreciate the importance of pollination

- Discuss the role of bees, butterflies, and other insects in pollination
Observe pollinators in the school garden
Draw and label the process of pollination

How do invertebrates help in pollination?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 18
Digital devices
Charts showing pollination
School garden
pg. 19
Soil samples with earthworms
Charts

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Pests
Invertebrates Disease vectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify invertebrate pests
Explain how invertebrate pests affect plants and animals
Show interest in pest control methods

- Identify common invertebrate pests in the environment
Discuss how pests affect crops and animals
Explore methods of controlling invertebrate pests

How do invertebrate pests affect agriculture?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 20
Pictures of invertebrate pests
Digital devices
Charts
pg. 21
Pictures of disease vectors

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Main parts
Human Circulatory System Modelling
Human Circulatory System Heart structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the main parts of the human circulatory system
Draw and label the human circulatory system
Show interest in learning about the human body

- Use print and non-print materials to search for information on the main parts of the human circulatory system
Draw and label the human circulatory system
Discuss the function of the circulatory system

What is the human circulatory system made up of?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 22
Digital devices
Charts showing the circulatory system
Internet access
pg. 23
Locally available materials (carton, clay, plasticine)
Paints
Charts
pg. 24
Charts showing the heart

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Heart function
Human Circulatory System Blood vessels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the function of the heart in the circulatory system
Explain how the heart pumps blood
Show interest in how the heart works

- Watch a video clip on how the heart works
Discuss how the heart pumps blood throughout the body
Use a stethoscope to listen to heart beats

How does the heart pump blood?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 25
Digital devices
Video clips
Stethoscope (if available)
Charts
pg. 26
Charts showing blood vessels
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Arteries
Human Circulatory System Veins

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the structure and function of arteries
Describe how arteries carry blood away from the heart
Show interest in learning about blood circulation

- Discuss the structure of arteries and why they have thick walls
Explain how arteries carry blood away from the heart
Draw and label the structure of an artery

Why do arteries have thick walls?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 27
Digital devices
Charts showing artery structure
Internet access
pg. 28
Charts showing vein structure

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Capillaries
Human Circulatory System Blood components
Human Circulatory System Red blood cells

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the structure and function of capillaries
Describe how capillaries connect arteries and veins
Show interest in learning about gas exchange

- Discuss the structure of capillaries and why they have thin walls
Explain how capillaries connect arteries and veins
Describe how gas exchange occurs in capillaries

How do capillaries connect arteries and veins?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 29
Digital devices
Charts showing capillary structure
Internet access
pg. 30
Charts showing blood components
pg. 31
Charts showing red blood cells

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System White blood cells
Human Circulatory System Platelets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the function of white blood cells
Describe how the body fights disease
Appreciate the body's defense mechanisms

- Discuss the structure and function of white blood cells
Explain how white blood cells fight disease
Draw and label a white blood cell

How do white blood cells fight disease?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 32
Digital devices
Charts showing white blood cells
Internet access
pg. 33
Charts showing platelets and blood clotting

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Plasma
Human Circulatory System Health conditions
Human Circulatory System Diet and heart
Human Circulatory System Healthy lifestyle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the function of plasma
Describe how plasma transports nutrients and waste
Appreciate the role of plasma in homeostasis

- Discuss the composition and function of plasma
Explain how plasma transports substances in the body
Create a diagram showing plasma functions

What role does plasma play in blood transport?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 34
Digital devices
Charts showing plasma
Internet access
pg. 35
Charts
Food samples or pictures

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments