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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Alkanols and Nomenclature
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkanols and identify functional group - Apply nomenclature rules for alkanols - Draw structural formulae of simple alkanols - Compare alkanols with corresponding alkanes |
Q/A: Review alkanes, alkenes from Form 3
- Study functional group -OH concept - Practice naming alkanols using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.2 - alkanol structures |
Molecular models, Table 6.1 and 6.2, alkanol structure charts, student books
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-170
|
|
| 1 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Isomerism in Alkanols
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain positional and chain isomerism - Draw isomers of given alkanols - Name different isomeric forms - Classify isomers as primary, secondary, or tertiary |
Study positional isomerism examples (propan-1-ol vs propan-2-ol)
- Practice drawing chain isomers - Exercises on isomer identification and naming - Discussion on structural differences |
Isomer structure charts, molecular models, practice worksheets, student books
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 170-171
|
|
| 1 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe fermentation process - Prepare ethanol in laboratory - Write equation for glucose fermentation - Explain role of yeast and conditions needed |
Experiment 6.1: Fermentation of sugar solution with yeast
- Set up apparatus for 2-3 days - Observe gas evolution - Test for CO₂ with lime water - Smell final product |
Sugar, yeast, warm water, conical flask, delivery tube, lime water, thermometer
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 171-172
|
|
| 1 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Industrial Preparation and Physical Properties
Chemical Properties of Alkanols I |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain hydration of ethene method - Compare laboratory and industrial methods - Analyze physical properties of alkanols - Relate properties to molecular structure Test reactions of ethanol with various reagents - Write equations for ethanol reactions - Identify products formed - Explain reaction mechanisms |
Study ethene hydration using phosphoric acid catalyst
- Compare fermentation vs industrial methods - Analyze Table 6.3 - physical properties - Discussion on hydrogen bonding effects Experiment 6.2: Test ethanol with burning, universal indicator, sodium metal, acids - Record observations in Table 6.4 - Write balanced equations - Discuss reaction types |
Table 6.3, industrial process diagrams, ethene structure models, property comparison charts
Ethanol, sodium metal, universal indicator, concentrated H₂SO₄, ethanoic acid, test tubes |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 171-173
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 173-175 |
|
| 2 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Chemical Properties of Alkanols II
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate oxidation and esterification reactions - Test oxidizing agents on ethanol - Prepare esters from alkanols - Explain dehydration reactions |
Complete Experiment 6.2: Test with acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄
- Observe color changes - Esterification with ethanoic acid - Study dehydration conditions |
Acidified potassium chromate/manganate, ethanoic acid, concentrated H₂SO₄, heating apparatus
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 173-176
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Uses of Alkanols and Health Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State various uses of alkanols - Explain health effects of alcohol consumption - Discuss methylated spirits - Analyze alcohol in society |
Discussion on alkanol applications as solvents, fuels, antiseptics
- Health effects of alcohol consumption - Methylated spirits composition - Social implications |
Charts showing alkanol uses, health impact data, methylated spirit samples, discussion materials
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 176-177
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Alkanoic Acids
Laboratory Preparation of Ethanoic Acid |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkanoic acids and functional group - Apply nomenclature rules - Draw structural formulae - Compare with alkanols |
Study carboxyl group (-COOH) structure
- Practice naming using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.5 and 6.6 - Compare functional groups of alkanols and acids |
Alkanoic acid structure charts, Table 6.5 and 6.6, molecular models, student books
Ethanol, KMnO₄, concentrated H₂SO₄, distillation apparatus, thermometer, round-bottom flask |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 177-179
|
|
| 2 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate chemical reactions of ethanoic acid - Test with various reagents - Write chemical equations - Analyze acid strength |
Experiment following Table 6.8: Test ethanoic acid with indicators, metals, carbonates, bases
- Record observations - Write equations - Discuss weak acid behavior |
2M ethanoic acid, universal indicator, Mg strip, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, phenolphthalein, test tubes
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 180-182
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Esterification and Uses of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain ester formation process - Write esterification equations - State uses of alkanoic acids - Prepare simple esters |
Complete esterification experiments
- Study concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst - Write general esterification equation - Discuss applications in food, drugs, synthetic fibres |
Ethanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated H₂SO₄, test tubes, heating apparatus, cold water
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 182-183
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Esterification and Uses of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain ester formation process - Write esterification equations - State uses of alkanoic acids - Prepare simple esters |
Complete esterification experiments
- Study concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst - Write general esterification equation - Discuss applications in food, drugs, synthetic fibres |
Ethanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated H₂SO₄, test tubes, heating apparatus, cold water
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 182-183
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Detergents and Soap Preparation
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define detergents and classify types - Explain saponification process - Prepare soap in laboratory - Compare soapy and soapless detergents |
Study soap vs soapless detergent differences
- Experiment 6.5: Saponify castor oil with NaOH - Add salt for salting out - Test soap formation |
Castor oil, 4M NaOH, NaCl, evaporating dish, water bath, stirring rod, filter paper
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 183-186
|
|
| 3 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Detergents and Soap Preparation
Mode of Action of Soap and Hard Water Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define detergents and classify types - Explain saponification process - Prepare soap in laboratory - Compare soapy and soapless detergents Explain soap molecule structure - Describe cleaning mechanism - Investigate hard water effects - Compare soap performance in different waters |
Study soap vs soapless detergent differences
- Experiment 6.5: Saponify castor oil with NaOH - Add salt for salting out - Test soap formation Study hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends - Demonstrate micelle formation - Test soap in distilled vs hard water - Observe scum formation - Write precipitation equations |
Castor oil, 4M NaOH, NaCl, evaporating dish, water bath, stirring rod, filter paper
Soap samples, distilled water, hard water (CaCl₂/MgSO₄ solutions), test tubes, demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 183-186
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 186-188 |
|
| 4 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 4 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Polymers and Addition Polymerization
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define polymers, monomers, and polymerization - Explain addition polymerization - Draw polymer structures - Calculate polymer properties |
Study polymer concept and terminology
- Practice drawing addition polymers from monomers - Examples: polyethene, polypropene, PVC - Calculate molecular masses |
Polymer samples, monomer structure charts, molecular models, calculators, polymer formation diagrams
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 191-195
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Addition Polymers - Types and Properties
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify different addition polymers - Draw structures from monomers - Name common polymers - Relate structure to properties |
Study polystyrene, PTFE, perspex formation
- Practice identifying monomers from polymer structures - Work through polymer calculation examples - Properties analysis |
Various polymer samples, structure identification exercises, calculation worksheets, Table 6.10
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 195-197
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Addition Polymers - Types and Properties
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify different addition polymers - Draw structures from monomers - Name common polymers - Relate structure to properties |
Study polystyrene, PTFE, perspex formation
- Practice identifying monomers from polymer structures - Work through polymer calculation examples - Properties analysis |
Various polymer samples, structure identification exercises, calculation worksheets, Table 6.10
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 195-197
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Condensation Polymerization and Natural Polymers
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain condensation polymerization - Compare with addition polymerization - Study natural polymers - Analyze nylon formation |
Study nylon 6,6 formation from diamine and dioic acid
- Natural polymers: starch, protein, rubber - Vulcanization process - Compare synthetic vs natural |
Nylon samples, rubber samples, condensation reaction diagrams, natural polymer examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 197-200
|
|
| 5 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Polymer Properties and Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers - State uses of different polymers - Discuss environmental concerns - Analyze polymer selection |
Study Table 6.10 - polymer uses
- Advantages: strength, lightness, moldability - Disadvantages: non-biodegradability, toxic gases - Application analysis |
Table 6.10, polymer application samples, environmental impact studies, product examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 200-201
|
|
| 6 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Comprehensive Problem Solving and Integration
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve complex problems involving alkanols and acids - Apply knowledge to practical situations - Integrate polymer concepts - Practice examination questions |
Worked examples on organic synthesis
- Problem-solving on isomers, reactions, polymers - Integration of all unit concepts - Practice examination-style questions |
Comprehensive problem sets, past examination papers, calculators, organic chemistry summary charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-201
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Comprehensive Problem Solving and Integration
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve complex problems involving alkanols and acids - Apply knowledge to practical situations - Integrate polymer concepts - Practice examination questions |
Worked examples on organic synthesis
- Problem-solving on isomers, reactions, polymers - Integration of all unit concepts - Practice examination-style questions |
Comprehensive problem sets, past examination papers, calculators, organic chemistry summary charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-201
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Introduction, Nuclear Stability and Types of Radioactivity
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define nuclide, isotope, and radioisotope - Compare nuclear vs chemical reactions - Explain neutron/proton ratios - Distinguish natural from artificial radioactivity |
Q/A: Review atomic structure from Form 2
- Study Table 7.1 - nuclear vs chemical reactions - Analysis of neutron/proton ratios and nuclear stability - Discussion on natural vs artificial radioactivity |
Periodic table, atomic structure charts, Table 7.1, nuclear stability diagrams
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-201
|
|
| 6 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Types of Radiation and Their Properties
Radioactive Decay and Half-Life Concept |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify alpha, beta, and gamma radiations - Compare penetrating abilities and ionizing power - Explain electric field deflection - Analyze safety implications Define half-life of radioactive isotopes - Plot radioactive decay curves - Calculate remaining amounts after decay - Apply conservation of mass and energy |
Study alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) characteristics
- Figure 7.2 - penetrating power demonstration - Figure 7.3 - electric field effects - Discussion on radiation protection and detection Study Table 7.2 - iodine-131 decay data - Plot decay graph using given data - Calculate fractions remaining after multiple half-lives - Practice basic half-life problems |
Radiation type charts, penetration diagrams, electric field illustrations, safety equipment charts
Graph paper, Table 7.2 data, calculators, decay curve examples, half-life data table |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 201-204
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 204-206 |
|
| 7 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Calculations and Problem Solving
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve complex half-life problems - Determine original amounts from remaining masses - Apply step-by-step and formula methods - Compare isotope decay rates |
Worked examples on half-life calculations using both methods
- Practice determining original amounts - Study various isotope half-lives - Comprehensive problem-solving sessions |
Calculators, comprehensive problem sets, worked examples, isotope half-life comparison tables
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 204-206
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Reactions and Equations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write balanced nuclear equations - Apply conservation laws for mass and atomic numbers - Explain alpha and beta emission effects - Balance complex nuclear reactions |
Practice writing nuclear equations for alpha emission
- Study beta emission examples - Apply mass and atomic number conservation - Balance various nuclear reactions with missing nuclides |
Nuclear equation examples, periodic table, conservation law charts, practice worksheets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 205-207
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radioactive Decay Series and Sequential Reactions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain sequential radioactive decay - Trace decay series pathways - Identify stable end products - Complete partial decay series |
Study thorium-232 decay series example
- Trace sequential alpha and beta emissions - Identify stable lead-208 endpoint - Practice completing decay series with missing nuclides |
Decay series charts, thorium series diagram, nuclide stability charts, practice decay series
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 206-207
|
|
| 7 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Fission and Chain Reactions
Nuclear Fusion and Energy Comparisons |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define nuclear fission process - Explain mechanism of chain reactions - Calculate energy release from mass defect - Describe controlled vs uncontrolled fission Define nuclear fusion process - Compare fusion with fission processes - Write fusion equations - Explain stellar energy production and fusion applications |
Study uranium-235 fission example
- Chain reaction mechanism and critical mass - Energy calculation from mass-energy equivalence - Nuclear reactor vs atomic bomb principles Study hydrogen fusion examples - Compare fusion vs fission characteristics and energy yields - Stellar fusion processes - Hydrogen bomb vs nuclear reactor principles |
Fission reaction diagrams, chain reaction illustrations, nuclear reactor diagrams, energy calculation examples
Fusion reaction diagrams, comparison tables, stellar fusion charts, energy comparison data |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 207-208
|
|
| 8 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Medical and Diagnostic Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe medical applications of radioisotopes - Explain cancer treatment using radiation - Discuss diagnostic procedures and imaging - Analyze therapeutic vs diagnostic uses |
Study cobalt-60 and caesium-137 in cancer treatment
- Iodine-131 in thyroid monitoring - Bone growth and fracture healing monitoring - Sterilization of surgical instruments |
Medical radioisotope charts, treatment procedure diagrams, diagnostic equipment images, case studies
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 208-209
|
|
| 8 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Industrial, Agricultural and Dating Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain industrial leak detection - Describe agricultural monitoring techniques - Discuss carbon-14 dating principles - Analyze food preservation methods |
Study leak detection using short half-life isotopes
- Carbon-14 dating of archaeological materials - Phosphorus tracking in agriculture - Gamma radiation food preservation |
Carbon dating examples, agricultural application charts, industrial use diagrams, food preservation data
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 208-209
|
|
| 8 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Industrial, Agricultural and Dating Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain industrial leak detection - Describe agricultural monitoring techniques - Discuss carbon-14 dating principles - Analyze food preservation methods |
Study leak detection using short half-life isotopes
- Carbon-14 dating of archaeological materials - Phosphorus tracking in agriculture - Gamma radiation food preservation |
Carbon dating examples, agricultural application charts, industrial use diagrams, food preservation data
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 208-209
|
|
| 8 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radiation Hazards and Environmental Impact
Safety Measures and International Control |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify radiation health hazards - Explain genetic mutation effects - Discuss major nuclear accidents - Analyze long-term environmental contamination Explain radiation protection principles - Describe proper storage and disposal methods - Discuss IAEA role and standards - Analyze monitoring and control systems |
Study Chernobyl and Three Mile Island accidents
- Genetic mutation and cancer effects - Long-term radiation exposure consequences - Nuclear waste disposal challenges Study IAEA guidelines and international cooperation - Radiation protection protocols and ALARA principle - Safe storage, transport and disposal methods - Environmental monitoring systems |
Accident case studies, environmental impact data, radiation exposure charts, contamination maps
IAEA guidelines, safety protocol charts, monitoring equipment diagrams, international cooperation data |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 209-210
|
|
| 9 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve comprehensive half-life problems - Analyze experimental decay data - Plot and interpret decay curves - Determine half-lives graphically |
Plot decay curves from experimental data
- Determine half-lives from graphs - Analyze count rate vs time data - Complex half-life calculation problems |
Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
|
| 9 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve comprehensive half-life problems - Analyze experimental decay data - Plot and interpret decay curves - Determine half-lives graphically |
Plot decay curves from experimental data
- Determine half-lives from graphs - Analyze count rate vs time data - Complex half-life calculation problems |
Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
|
| 9 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve comprehensive half-life problems - Analyze experimental decay data - Plot and interpret decay curves - Determine half-lives graphically |
Plot decay curves from experimental data
- Determine half-lives from graphs - Analyze count rate vs time data - Complex half-life calculation problems |
Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
|
| 9 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Equations and Conservation Laws
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Balance complex nuclear equations - Complete nuclear reaction series - Identify unknown nuclides using conservation laws - Apply mass-energy relationships |
Practice balancing nuclear reactions with multiple steps
- Complete partial decay series - Identify missing nuclides using conservation principles - Mass-energy calculation problems |
Nuclear equation worksheets, periodic table, decay series diagrams, conservation law examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
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