People, Population and Relationships

Early Civilization - Factors that led to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the Kingdom of Kongo on a map
- Analyze factors that led to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo
- Value the factors that led to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo

- Learners to hold a group discussion on factors that contributed to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo
- Write a report on the discussion
- Read a newspaper extract on the development of the Kingdom of Kongo
- Discuss how the factors highlighted in the newspaper led to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo
- Identify other factors that led to the growth of the Kingdom of Kongo

How did the Kingdom of Kongo develop and grow?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 20
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Maps

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

People, Population and Relationships

Origin of Money - Comparison between barter trade and currency trade
Origin of Money - Role-playing barter and currency trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify currencies used in different African countries
- Compare barter trade and the use of currency trade in Africa
- Appreciate the evolution from barter trade to currency trade

- Learners to study currencies used in different African countries
- Discuss how buying and selling of items was done before introduction of currencies
- Identify types of trade highlighted in pictures
- Discuss differences between barter trade and currency trade
- Complete a table comparing barter trade and currency trade

How has money transformed trade in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 31
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Currency samples/images
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 32
- Props for role play

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Origin of Money - Factors that led to introduction of money in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the transformation brought by introduction of money in Africa
- Explain factors that led to introduction of money in Africa
- Recognize the importance of money in trade development

- Learners to study images showing factors that led to introduction of money in Africa
- Discuss how these factors led to introduction of money
- Read a conversation between a resource person and Grade 7 learners on factors that led to introduction of money in Africa
- Identify the factors from the conversation
- Research on other factors that led to introduction of money in Africa

What factors necessitated the introduction of money in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 33
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Origin of Money - Impact of introduction of money in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of introduction of money in Africa
- Debate on positive and negative effects of introduction of money
- Appreciate the role of money in economic development

- Learners to read a magazine cutout on the transformative impact of money in Africa
- Identify transformations brought by introduction of money
- Discuss what made barter trade difficult and how money solved trading problems
- Identify statements highlighting the impact of money introduction in Africa
- Discuss other transformations brought by money

How did the introduction of money affect African societies?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 34
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Human Diversity and interpersonal relationships - Factors determining human diversity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define human diversity
- Identify factors that determine human diversity in society
- Appreciate human diversity in society

- Learners to use a dictionary or reference material to find out the meaning of human diversity
- Discuss how human diversity influences relationships among people
- Study a picture and identify human diversities shown
- Research factors that determine human diversity in society
- Complete a personal journal identifying personal characteristics

How do varied personalities shape society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 40
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Dictionary

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Human Diversity and interpersonal relationships - Interpersonal skills
Human Diversity and interpersonal relationships - Desirable and undesirable personality attributes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify interpersonal skills that enhance healthy interactions
- Analyze life skills that promote healthy relationships
- Value interpersonal skills that enhance healthy interactions

- Learners to listen to a resource person talk about interpersonal skills that enhance healthy interactions in a multicultural society
- Use digital devices or print media to read about negotiation skills and other interpersonal skills
- Create a table categorizing skills that enhance or hinder healthy interactions
- Make a poster displaying interpersonal skills with brief descriptions

Why is respect and appreciation of diversity crucial for social cohesion?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 41
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Resource person
- Chart papers
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 42

- Observation - Oral questions - Project work

People, Population and Relationships

Human Diversity and interpersonal relationships - Benefits of healthy relationships

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of building healthy relationships in a multicultural society
- Compose a poem on the importance of healthy relationships
- Appreciate the importance of building healthy relationships

- Learners to research the importance of building healthy relationships in a multicultural society
- Read a placard designed by a Grade 7 learner about healthy relationships
- Read a dialogue between students discussing the importance of healthy relationships
- Compose a poem on the importance of building healthy relationships
- Inquire from parents/guardians on importance of building healthy relationships

What are the benefits of healthy relationships in a multicultural society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 44
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Creative writing assessment

People, Population and Relationships

Human Diversity and interpersonal relationships - Promoting inclusion and diversity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Discuss ways to promote inclusion and diversity
- Create messages that promote inclusion and diversity
- Show respect for diversity in society

- Learners to sing a song about interpersonal skills and cultural harmony
- Recite a poem on respect and diversity
- Discuss ways to show inclusion and respect to people who are different
- Create posters with messages promoting inclusion and diversity
- Compose poems or songs celebrating diversity

How can we promote inclusion and respect for diversity in our society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 45
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Chart papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Creative work assessment

People, Population and Relationships

Peace and conflict resolution - Qualities of a peaceful person

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify qualities of a peaceful person in the community
- Discuss qualities of a peaceful person
- Value the importance of being a peaceful person

- Learners to use relevant reference materials or digital devices to search on qualities of a peaceful person
- Outline qualities of a peaceful person in the community
- Read flashcards with qualities of a peaceful person
- Read a conversation about qualities of a peaceful person
- Inquire from parents/guardians on qualities of a peaceful person

What qualities make someone a peaceful person?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 53
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Flashcards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Peace and conflict resolution - Factors promoting peaceful coexistence
Peace and conflict resolution - Peaceful conflict resolution process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that promote peaceful coexistence
- Discuss how these factors promote peaceful coexistence
- Show commitment to promoting peaceful coexistence

- Learners to listen to a resource person talk about factors that promote peaceful coexistence
- Take notes from what the resource person says
- Read factors that promote peaceful coexistence written on a chalkboard
- Discuss how these factors promote peaceful coexistence
- Create a chart showing factors that promote peaceful coexistence

How can we promote peace for mutual social well-being?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 54
- Digital resources
- Print materials
- Resource person
- Chart papers
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 55

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Peace and conflict resolution - Resolving conflicts in everyday situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate peaceful conflict resolution in everyday situations
- Explain the process of resolving conflicts
- Show commitment to resolving conflicts peacefully

- Learners to practice resolving conflicts between friends arguing over ownership of a textbook
- Explain and assess the process followed in resolving the conflict
- Help resolve a disagreement between two learners over a burst ball
- Role-play the conflict resolution process
- Present the play to the class

What steps should be followed when resolving conflicts?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 56
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Performance assessment - Oral questions

People, Population and Relationships

Peace and conflict resolution - Importance of peaceful coexistence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of peaceful coexistence
- Debate on the importance of peaceful coexistence
- Appreciate the value of peaceful coexistence

- Learners to recite a poem on the importance of peaceful coexistence
- Identify the importance of peaceful coexistence from the poem
- Explain other importance of peaceful coexistence in the community
- Organize a debate on the importance of peaceful coexistence
- Write points and share with classmates

Why is peaceful coexistence important in our society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 57
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

People, Population and Relationships

Peace and conflict resolution - Managing stress and emotions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to manage stress and emotions
- Demonstrate techniques for managing stress and emotions
- Value the importance of emotional management for inner peace

- Learners to discuss various sources of stress and emotional challenges
- Research techniques for managing stress and emotions
- Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and positive self-talk
- Create a personal stress management plan
- Share effective strategies with classmates

How can stress and emotions be managed to promote inner peace?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 7 pg. 58
- Digital resources
- Print materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Political organization
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Scramble for Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the political organization of selected African communities up to 1900
- Compare political systems of different communities
- Appreciate diverse political structures

- Brainstorm the political organization of the Ogiek, the Zulu, and the Asante up to 1900
- Discuss the various European groups that came to Africa
- Present findings to the class
- Create charts showing political organizations of selected communities

How were African communities politically organized before the coming of the Europeans?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109-110

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - European roles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition" of Africa
- Identify European powers and their territories
- Show interest in colonial history

- Research the roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Study a chart showing European groups and their roles
- Create a chart showing European groups and their roles in Africa
- Share work with peers for feedback

What motivated European powers to colonize Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110-112
- Chart materials
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Observation - Chart assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Berlin Conference

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
- Explain the significance of the conference
- Value the importance of understanding colonial history

- Research terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
- Study a poster with information about the Berlin Conference
- Discuss questions related to the conference
- Create posters on the terms of the Berlin Conference
- Display posters in the Social Studies learning corner

What were the outcomes of the Berlin Conference?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112-113
- Poster materials
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Observation - Poster assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Colonial territories

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the regions of partition by the European groups
- Identify colonial territories in Africa
- Show interest in African colonial geography

- Study a map showing the partition of Africa by European powers
- Identify which European power had the most colonies
- Identify which European power had the least colonies
- Identify countries in Africa that were not colonized
- Fill in a table matching European powers with their African colonies

How was Africa divided among European powers?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113-114
- Map of colonial Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Importance
The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding the constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define what a constitution is
- Explain the importance of the Constitution of Kenya
- Value the role of the constitution in governance

- Research the meaning of the Constitution of Kenya
- Research the importance of the Constitution of Kenya
- Write an essay on the importance of the Constitution
- Read dialogues about the importance of the constitution
- Identify important points from the dialogue

Why should a country have a constitution?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118-119
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119-120
- Poster materials

- Observation - Essay assessment - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Promulgation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya
- Describe the process of constitutional development
- Value the importance of the constitutional process

- Watch a video on promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss the meaning of promulgation
- Identify when the Constitution of Kenya was promulgated
- Research steps followed during promulgation
- Read a newspaper extract about the constitution

How was the Constitution of Kenya developed?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Video resources
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - National values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify national values in the Constitution of Kenya
- Explain the importance of national values
- Appreciate the role of values in governance

- Research national values provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Complete a crossword puzzle containing Kenyan national values
- Complete a table explaining national values
- Discuss the importance of national values
- Create posters highlighting national values

How do national values promote good governance?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122-123
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials

- Observation - Puzzle completion - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Applying national values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply national values in day-to-day life
- Create materials promoting national values
- Show commitment to national values

- Write slogans on national values as provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Compose songs on national values
- Sing national anthems (Kenya, East Africa, African Union)
- Discuss how to apply national values in daily life
- Create role plays demonstrating national values

How can we apply national values in daily life?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123-125
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Song materials

- Observation - Creative materials - Role play assessment

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Classification
Human Rights - Characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define human rights
- Classify human rights as stipulated in human rights instruments
- Value human rights in society

- Research the concept of human rights
- Research the classification of human rights
- Provide examples for each classification
- Share findings with the class
- Create posters showing human rights classifications

Why is it important to know our rights?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126-128
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-129
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Equity and non-discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of equity and non-discrimination
- Identify examples of equity in society
- Value fair treatment of all people

- Study pictures showing examples of equity
- Discuss observations about equity and non-discrimination
- Read a story about equity and discuss its message
- Read a poem about non-discrimination and discuss its message
- Discuss benefits of equity and non-discrimination

How can we promote equity and non-discrimination in society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130-132
- Pictures showing equity
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Promoting equity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Create materials advocating for equity
- Show commitment to promoting equality

- Research ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Study posters showing ways to promote equity
- Create posters on equity and non-discrimination
- Display posters within the school environment
- Organize a "Peaceful Walk" to educate the community

How can we take action to promote equity and non-discrimination?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-134
- Poster materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Poster assessment - Participation assessment

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Valuing human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways to promote respect for human rights
- Identify actions that support human dignity
- Value the importance of human rights

- Research ways to promote respect for human rights
- Study a chart on promoting respect for human rights
- Discuss ways of promoting respect for human rights
- Organize a debate on "Value human rights for promotion of human dignity"
- Note down main points from the debate

How can we promote respect for human rights in our community?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Concept
African Diasporas - Contributing factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of African Diasporas
- Identify key characteristics of diasporas
- Show interest in diaspora communities

- Research the concept of African Diasporas
- Read messages about African Diasporas from African Union documents
- Compare research findings with the messages
- Read articles about African Diasporas
- Discuss the concept with peers

How can we promote collaboration between continental Africans and African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139-140

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Geographic locations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate countries inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Identify major diaspora settlements
- Value the global presence of African descendants

- Research locations of the United States, Brazil, and France on a world map
- Study a map showing countries inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Name countries that were inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Give the direction of these countries in relation to Africa
- Draw a map indicating diaspora locations

Where are African Diasporas located globally?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
- World maps
- Atlas
- Digital resources

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Political development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess the role of diasporas in political development in Africa
- Identify ways diasporas influence African politics
- Value diaspora contributions

- Research the role of African diasporas in political development in Africa
- Watch videos on diaspora contributions to African politics
- Debate on "African Diasporas have supported political development in Africa"
- Study a researcher's notes on diaspora contributions
- Create posters highlighting diaspora contributions

How have African Diasporas influenced political development in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Debate materials

- Observation - Debate assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Promoting unity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop slogans promoting African unity
- Explain ways to strengthen diaspora-continent connections
- Value African unity and cooperation

- Study slogans on African Diasporas in promoting African unity
- Discuss the importance of each message to African diasporas
- Create slogans on African diasporas and promotion of African unity
- Write slogans on manila paper
- Display work in the school
- Research ways to promote collaboration between continental Africans and diasporas

How can we promote African unity in society today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
- Digital resources
- Manila papers
- Art materials

- Observation - Slogan assessment - Research findings

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Interconnectedness
Citizenship - Globalization effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain interconnectedness among countries
- Identify ways countries connect and depend on each other
- Value global interconnectedness

- Study images showing connections between countries
- Identify how people in different countries are connected
- Discuss a billboard message about interconnectedness
- Read articles about connections between countries
- Create a mind map showing ways countries are interconnected

How do countries connect and depend on each other in the world today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-147
- Art materials

- Observation - Mind map assessment - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Global citizen qualities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe qualities of a global citizen
- Identify behaviors of responsible global citizens
- Value global citizenship principles

- Read a story about expectations of global citizens
- Identify qualities of a good citizen from the story
- Research qualities of a global citizen in modern society
- Study a list of qualities of a global citizen
- Create posters highlighting global citizen qualities

What qualities should a global citizen possess?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-149
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Poster materials

- Observation - Poster assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - International contribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of contributing to the international community
- Identify actions that maintain national loyalty while being global
- Value balanced global and national citizenship

- Research ways of contributing to the international community while maintaining loyalty to own country
- Read poems about balanced citizenship
- Study messages related to international contributions
- Discuss ways of contributing internationally while maintaining national loyalty
- Compose songs or poems on balanced citizenship

How can we contribute to the international community while maintaining loyalty to our country?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-151
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Creative materials

- Observation - Creative work assessment - Oral questions