LIVESTOCK HEALTH II (PARASITES)

The tapeworm (Taenia spp).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe characteristic features of tapeworm.
To identify symptoms of attack by tapeworm.

Exposition: Labelling a tapeworm/ Observing a preserved specimen of a tapeworm.

illustrative diagrams of parasites

PKLB BK II g 144

LIVESTOCK HEALTH II (PARASITES)

Lifecycle of a tapeworm.
Roundworms (Ascaris spp).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the lifecycle of a tapeworm.
To state control measures of tapeworms in livestock.

Exposition and explanations of the life cycle.
Q/A and brief discussion.

Chart- Life cycle of a pork tapeworm.
illustrative diagrams of parasites

KLB BK II Pg 147-8

LIVESTOCK HEALTH II (PARASITES)
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (NUTRITION)

Liver fluke.
Food components.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify symptoms of attack by liver fluke.
To describe the life cycle of a roundworm.
To explain measures of controlling liver fluke.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Detailed discussion of life cycle.
Q/A: Measures of control.

illustrative diagrams of  liver fluke.
illustrative chart of Components of food.
Seed cakes, fish meal, bone meal,
Lucerne.

KLB BK II Pg 151-3

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (NUTRITION)

Minerals.
Feeds and Feedstuffs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify important minerals for livestock.

Discussion: Types of minerals, their sources and deficiency symptoms.

student book
 pictures of roughages and concentrates.

KLB BK II Pg 165-169

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (NUTRITION)

Feed additives.
To concept of rationing. Maintenance ration Production ration.
Feed digestibility Feed nutritive values.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define feed additives.
To give examples of feed additives.

Giving examples of feed additives and description of their importance.

student book
Chart- Nutritive values of some feeds.

KLB BK II Pg 171

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (NUTRITION)

Computation of animal feeds. Trial and error method. Pearson?s Square method.
General process of digestion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state advantages and disadvantages of trial and error method of computing animal feeds.
To compute livestock rations using Pearson?s Square method.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Exposition- Teacher explains the procedure of computing livestock ration using Pearson?s Square method.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators..
illustrative diagram of General digestive system.

KLB BK II Pg 176-178

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (NUTRITION)

Digestion in non-ruminants.
Digestion in Ruminants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of mono gastric animals.
To describe digestion in mono gastric animals.

Detailed discussion of digestion in a pig and poultry.

illustrative diagrams  of Specific digestive
systems.
diagram digestive system of a cow,
Pieces of stomach compartments of a cow.

KLB BK II Pg 180-186

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Common Weeds in East Africa
Competitive Ability of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common weeds found in East Africa. State botanical and common names of major weeds. Describe characteristics of different weed species. Explain competitive ability of weeds.

Brain storming on locally found weeds. Discussion on weed characteristics. Exposition of competitive ability factors. Question and answer on weed species.

Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.
Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Harmful Effects of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight harmful effects of weeds on crops. State how weeds reduce crop quality. Explain parasitic effects of weeds. Describe effects on livestock and human health.

Brain storming on weed damage to crops. Discussion on quality reduction effects. Exposition of parasitic weeds (Striga). Brief discussion on health effects.

Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State effects of weeds on irrigation and aquatic systems. Explain effects on pasture quality. Describe beneficial effects of weeds. Discuss weeds as sources of food and medicine.

Discussion on aquatic weed problems. Exposition of pasture effects. Brief discussion on weed benefits. Question and answer on food and medicinal uses.

Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of weed control. Define herbicides and their uses. Explain different modes of action of herbicides. Describe how herbicides kill weeds.

Brain storming on weed control methods. Discussion on herbicide concepts. Exposition of herbicide action modes. Brief discussion on weed killing mechanisms.

Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 203-204

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of herbicide combinations used in Kenya. State herbicide combinations for different crops. Highlight precautions when using herbicides. Explain safety measures for chemical handling.

Discussion on herbicide combinations for different crops. Exposition of safety precautions. Brief discussion on protective measures. Question and answer on safe handling.

Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of using herbicides. Identify disadvantages of chemical weed control. Compare chemical control with other methods. Discuss environmental concerns of herbicide use.

Brain storming on herbicide advantages. Discussion on chemical control disadvantages. Exposition of method comparisons. Brief discussion on environmental effects.

Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Mechanical Weed Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of tillage as weed control method. Explain disadvantages of mechanical cultivation. Describe slashing and uprooting methods. Compare mechanical methods with chemical control.

Discussion on tillage advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of mechanical methods. Brief discussion on method comparisons. Question and answer on mechanical techniques.

Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 209-210

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control
Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of weed control. Define biological weed control and give examples. Explain legislative methods of weed control. Describe noxious weed laws in Kenya.

Brain storming on cultural control methods. Discussion on biological control examples. Exposition of legislative control. Brief discussion on noxious weed laws.

Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.
Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts

KLB BK III Pgs 210-211

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with piercing and sucking mouth parts. Give examples of piercing and sucking pests. Describe damage caused by sucking insects. Explain viral disease transmission by sucking insects.

Examining pictures of sucking insects. Discussion on viral disease transmission mechanisms. Chart demonstration of stylet structure and function.

Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pg 180-182

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds

KLB BK III Pg 186-187

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify pesticides according to formulation, target pests, and mode of action. Explain factors affecting pesticide efficiency including concentration and timing. State advantages and disadvantages of chemical control. Define integrated pest management.

Exposition of pesticide classification. Discussion on application factors. Brain storming on pesticide advantages and disadvantages.

Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 192-195

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of viruses as obligate parasites. Identify symptoms of viral infections including chlorosis, mosaics, and rosetting. Explain viral disease transmission by insect vectors. Give examples of common viral diseases affecting crops.

Exposition of viral characteristics. Discussion on viral symptoms and transmission. Examination of virus-infected plant specimens.

Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples
Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 203-204

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts

KLB BK III Pg 206-207