WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification
Common Weeds in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.
Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Competitive Ability of Weeds
Harmful Effects of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors contributing to competitive ability of weeds. Explain weed propagation methods. Describe environmental adaptation of weeds. Discuss weed survival mechanisms.

Discussion on weed competitive factors. Exposition of propagation methods. Brief discussion on environmental adaptation. Question and answer on survival mechanisms.

Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.
Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds
Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action
Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State effects of weeds on irrigation and aquatic systems. Explain effects on pasture quality. Describe beneficial effects of weeds. Discuss weeds as sources of food and medicine.
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on aquatic weed problems. Exposition of pasture effects. Brief discussion on weed benefits. Question and answer on food and medicinal uses.
Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.
Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.
Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167
KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of herbicide combinations used in Kenya. State herbicide combinations for different crops. Highlight precautions when using herbicides. Explain safety measures for chemical handling.

Discussion on herbicide combinations for different crops. Exposition of safety precautions. Brief discussion on protective measures. Question and answer on safe handling.

Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.
Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Mechanical Weed Control
Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of tillage as weed control method. Explain disadvantages of mechanical cultivation. Describe slashing and uprooting methods. Compare mechanical methods with chemical control.

Discussion on tillage advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of mechanical methods. Brief discussion on method comparisons. Question and answer on mechanical techniques.

Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.
Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.

KLB BK III Pgs 209-210

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a crop pest. State harmful effects of crop pests on crops. Classify pests according to mode of feeding, crops attacked, and development stages. Distinguish between major and minor pests.

Exposition of pest concepts. Discussion on pest effects and classification. Question and answer session on pest types.

Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pg 175-177

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction
Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.
Classify pesticides according to formulation, target pests, and mode of action. Explain factors affecting pesticide efficiency including concentration and timing. State advantages and disadvantages of chemical control. Define integrated pest management.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.
Exposition of pesticide classification. Discussion on application factors. Brain storming on pesticide advantages and disadvantages.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples
Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 186-187
KLB BK III Pg 192-195

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders
Cultural control of crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms
Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain chemical control methods including seed dressing, soil fumigation, and spraying. Describe legislative control methods for disease prevention. Discuss integrated disease management approaches. Evaluate effectiveness of different disease control methods.

Discussion on chemical control applications. Exposition of legislative disease control measures. Brain storming on integrated disease management strategies.

Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas

KLB BK III Pg 207-208

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe land preparation methods for maize. Explain selection and preparation of planting materials. Outline planting procedures including spacing and depth. State factors affecting planting time and spacing.
Describe fertilizer application in finger millet. Explain weed control challenges in finger millet. Identify pests and diseases affecting finger millet. Outline harvesting and storage methods.

Discussion on land preparation importance. Demonstration of seed selection. Brain storming on planting factors.
Discussion on field management. Brain storming on pest control. Exposition of harvesting methods.

Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 200-201
KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control
Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment
Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum
Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets
Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
FORAGE CROPS

Harvesting of industrial crops - tea
Introduction and pasture classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tea harvesting methods and procedures. Explain factors affecting tea quality during harvesting. State the importance of proper plucking in tea. Outline precautions during tea harvesting and transportation.

Demonstration of proper tea plucking. Discussion on quality factors. Brain storming on harvesting intervals.

Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards
Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps

KLB BK III Pg 218-219

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production
Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe methods of pasture establishment using seeds, rhizomes and splits. Explain land preparation procedures for pastures. Outline sowing methods including direct sowing, undersowing and oversowing. State seed rates and quality standards for pasture crops.
Define carrying capacity and stocking rate. Calculate carrying capacity based on animal requirements. Compare rotational and continuous grazing systems. Explain paddocking, strip grazing, tethering and zero grazing methods.

Demonstration of land preparation and establishment methods. Discussion on sowing method selection. Examination of different planting materials.
Calculation exercises on stocking rates. Discussion on grazing system selection. Examination of grazing system diagrams.

Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 222-226
KLB BK III Pg 232-237

FORAGE CROPS

Hay making
Silage making and silo types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams
Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials

KLB BK III Pg 245-247

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting silage quality and use of additives. Describe silage losses and prevention methods. Calculate silage requirements based on animal dry matter needs. Outline standing forage as alternative conservation method.

Calculation exercises on silage requirements. Discussion on quality factors and additive use. Brain storming on loss prevention strategies.

Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 249-250

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease
Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.
Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records
Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 257-259
KLB BK III Pg 265-267

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe milk fever as calcium deficiency in dairy cows. Explain symptoms including muscle twitching and paralysis. Describe bloat as gas accumulation in rumen. Outline treatment methods including calcium injection and gas release techniques.

Discussion on nutritional disorders. Demonstration of calcium injection principles. Brain storming on nutritional management. Case study of bloat treatment.

Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 268-270