DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Introduction and meaning of assets
Types of assets (continued) and liabilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term assets in business context
-Distinguish between fixed assets and current assets
-Identify at least 5 examples of fixed assets
-Explain characteristics of fixed and current assets
-Classify given business items as fixed or current assets

Brainstorming on business properties; Group discussion on asset classification; Practical exercise identifying assets in local businesses; Classification activity using real business examples

Textbook, Charts showing asset types, Pictures of business assets, Classification worksheets
Textbook, Case study materials, Charts on liability types, Local business examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 96-97

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Capital and its importance
The book-keeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define capital in business context
-Explain the importance of capital to a business
-Identify sources of business capital
-Analyze the relationship between capital, assets and liabilities
-Discuss factors that affect capital adequacy

Interactive discussion on capital sources; Role play on capital acquisition; Analysis of capital importance; Group work on capital planning scenarios

Textbook, Role play materials, Capital planning worksheets, Calculator
Textbook, Calculator, Problem solving worksheets, Formula charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 98-99

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Application of book-keeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Solve complex problems using the book-keeping equation
-Calculate assets when capital and liabilities are given
-Determine capital from assets and liabilities
-Find liabilities using assets and capital
-Analyze business financial position using the equation

Worked examples demonstration; Individual problem solving; Peer teaching sessions; Mathematical calculations; Real business scenario analysis

Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Real business data examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 98-99

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

The balance sheet - meaning and essentials
Format and structure of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a balance sheet
-Explain the purpose of a balance sheet
-Identify essential features of a balance sheet
-Describe the T-format of a balance sheet
-Explain why balance sheet totals must balance

Explanation of balance sheet concept; Drawing T-format demonstrations; Group discussion on balance sheet importance; Analysis of sample balance sheets

Textbook, Sample balance sheets, Drawing materials, T-format templates
Textbook, Drawing materials, Rulers, Sample formats, Chart paper

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 99-101

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Preparation of simple balance sheets
Complex balance sheet preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare balance sheets from given information
-Classify business items correctly
-Calculate missing figures before preparation
-Ensure balance sheet totals agree
-Present balance sheets in proper format

Guided preparation exercises; Individual balance sheet preparation; Group checking activities; Problem solving sessions; Practical calculations

Textbook, Calculator, Preparation worksheets, Sample data, Graph paper
Textbook, Calculator, Complex problem sets, Peer review sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 101-104

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Importance of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of balance sheet to business
-Analyze how balance sheet shows financial position
-Discuss uses by different stakeholders
-Evaluate business performance using balance sheet
-Identify limitations of balance sheet information

Group discussions on stakeholder needs; Case study analysis; Role play of different users; Critical evaluation exercises; Real business analysis

Textbook, Case study materials, Role play cards, Real balance sheet examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 105-106

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Importance of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of balance sheet to business
-Analyze how balance sheet shows financial position
-Discuss uses by different stakeholders
-Evaluate business performance using balance sheet
-Identify limitations of balance sheet information

Group discussions on stakeholder needs; Case study analysis; Role play of different users; Critical evaluation exercises; Real business analysis

Textbook, Case study materials, Role play cards, Real balance sheet examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 105-106

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Net worth calculation and analysis
Meaning of business transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define net worth of a business
-Calculate net worth using different methods
-Analyze factors affecting net worth
-Compare net worth of different businesses
-Interpret net worth figures for decision making

Calculation exercises; Comparative analysis; Group problem solving; Decision making scenarios; Mathematical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Comparative data, Analysis worksheets
Textbook, Transaction examples, Classification charts, Real business documents

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 106

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Effects of transactions on balance sheet - Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the dual effect of transactions
-Demonstrate how transactions affect balance sheet items
-Analyze the impact on balance sheet equilibrium
-Show the relationship between transactions and double-entry
-Identify which balance sheet items are affected

Demonstration of dual effects; Step-by-step transaction analysis; Balance sheet manipulation exercises; Group problem solving; Interactive examples

Textbook, Balance sheet templates, Transaction cards, Demonstration materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 109-110

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Purchase of assets using business cash
Owner's additional investment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the effect of cash asset purchases
-Demonstrate double-effect on balance sheet
-Show how business funds circulate
-Explain why balance sheet totals remain unchanged
-Apply knowledge to practical scenarios

Worked examples demonstration; Practical exercises; Step-by-step analysis; Group activities; Problem solving sessions

Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Balance sheet formats
Textbook, Calculator, Investment scenarios, Case study materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 110-111

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Purchase of assets on credit
Cash withdrawals and deposits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze credit purchase effects
-Demonstrate simultaneous increase in assets and liabilities
-Show impact on balance sheet totals
-Explain creation of business obligations
-Apply to different credit scenarios

Worked examples; Credit transaction analysis; Balance sheet exercises; Group problem solving; Practical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Credit scenarios, Balance sheet templates
Textbook, Cash flow charts, Bank transaction examples, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 112-113

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Drawings and personal use withdrawals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define drawings and their nature
-Analyze effect of drawings on balance sheet
-Demonstrate outflow of resources from business
-Show impact on assets and capital
-Explain reduction in balance sheet totals

Drawings scenario analysis; Practical calculations; Group discussions; Case study exercises; Real business examples

Textbook, Calculator, Drawings scenarios, Case study materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 114-115

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Borrowing for business use
Payment of liabilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain effects of borrowing cash for business
-Analyze inflow of resources into business
-Demonstrate increase in assets and liabilities
-Show impact on balance sheet totals
-Apply to various borrowing scenarios

Borrowing scenario analysis; Practical calculations; Group problem solving; Loan impact exercises; Financial planning activities

Textbook, Calculator, Loan scenarios, Financial planning worksheets
Textbook, Calculator, Debt scenarios, Balance sheet templates

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 115-116

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Complex liability transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain payment of liability by incurring new liability
-Analyze payment of liability by owner's private cash
-Demonstrate various liability settlement methods
-Show effects on balance sheet equilibrium
-Apply to complex business scenarios

Complex scenario analysis; Advanced calculations; Group problem solving; Comparative exercises; Real business applications

Textbook, Calculator, Complex scenarios, Comparative charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 117-118

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Sale of assets and debtor transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze sale of assets for cash and on credit
-Explain receipt of cash from debtors
-Demonstrate profit and loss effects
-Show impact on various balance sheet items
-Apply to sales and collection scenarios

Sales transaction analysis; Profit/loss calculations; Debtor management exercises; Group activities; Practical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Sales scenarios, Debtor management worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 118-120

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Compound transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain compound transactions and their effects
-Analyze transactions with multiple effects
-Demonstrate complex balance sheet impacts
-Show triple or more effects on balance sheet
-Apply to advanced business scenarios

Advanced transaction analysis; Complex calculations; Multi-effect demonstrations; Group problem solving; Advanced scenarios

Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Advanced worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 120-121

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Compound transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain compound transactions and their effects
-Analyze transactions with multiple effects
-Demonstrate complex balance sheet impacts
-Show triple or more effects on balance sheet
-Apply to advanced business scenarios

Advanced transaction analysis; Complex calculations; Multi-effect demonstrations; Group problem solving; Advanced scenarios

Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Advanced worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 120-121

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Causes of changes in capital

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify factors that influence capital levels
-Explain effects of additional investment on capital
-Analyze impact of profits and losses on capital
-Demonstrate effects of drawings on capital
-Evaluate capital management strategies

Capital change analysis; Factor identification exercises; Impact assessment activities; Group discussions; Strategic planning exercises

Textbook, Calculator, Capital analysis worksheets, Strategy planning materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 124

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Initial and final capital determination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define initial and final capital
-Explain trading periods and their importance
-Calculate initial capital from given information
-Determine final capital using various methods
-Apply capital determination formulas

Capital calculation exercises; Formula application; Trading period analysis; Practical calculations; Problem solving sessions

Textbook, Calculator, Capital determination worksheets, Formula charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 124-125

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Capital calculation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply formulas for initial and final capital calculation
-Solve complex capital determination problems
-Analyze interplay of investment, profit, losses and drawings
-Demonstrate step-by-step calculation procedures
-Interpret capital calculation results

Advanced calculations; Formula manipulation; Complex problem solving; Step-by-step demonstrations; Result interpretation exercises

Textbook, Calculator, Advanced problem sets, Formula reference sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 125-126

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Pertinent issues and business ethics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss honesty and transparency in transaction recording
-Explain importance of accurate transaction records
-Analyze consequences of false transaction recording
-Evaluate ethical considerations in business transactions
-Propose solutions to unethical practices

Group discussions on business ethics; Case study analysis of unethical practices; Debate on transparency; Problem solving on ethical dilemmas; Action planning sessions

Textbook, Case study materials, Debate materials, Ethical scenario cards

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 126

THE LEDGER

Meaning, purpose and format of ledger accounts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a ledger and ledger account
-Explain the purpose of keeping a ledger
-Identify features of a ledger account
-Draw the correct format of a ledger account
-Explain the four columns and T-shape format
-Distinguish between debit and credit sides

Introduction to ledger concept; Demonstration of T-format; Group discussion on ledger importance; Drawing ledger account format; Practical identification exercises; Format construction activities

Textbook, Ledger books, Rulers, Chart paper, T-format templates

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 127-129

THE LEDGER

Rules of recording and double entry concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- State rules for posting to various ledger accounts
-Explain debiting and crediting procedures
-Define double-entry book keeping
-Demonstrate that debits must equal credits
-Apply rules to asset, liability, capital, expense and revenue accounts
-Show how every transaction affects at least two accounts

Rule explanation and demonstration; Double-entry demonstrations; Practical posting exercises; Classification activities; Balance verification exercises; Transaction analysis sessions

Textbook, Ledger books, Rules summary charts, Double-entry worksheets, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 129-131

THE LEDGER

Recording business transactions and opening accounts
Recording purchases, sales and returns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record simple transactions in ledger accounts
-Apply double-entry rules correctly
-Open ledger accounts from balance sheet information
-Record opening balances correctly
-Demonstrate proper posting procedures
-Show cross-referencing between accounts

Guided posting exercises; Transaction recording practice; Opening balance exercises; Balance sheet to ledger conversion; Cross-referencing demonstrations; Step-by-step posting guidance

Textbook, Ledger books, Transaction examples, Balance sheet examples, Practice sets
Textbook, Ledger books, Purchase scenarios, Returns scenarios, Transaction cards

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 131-135

THE LEDGER

Recording expenses, revenues and drawings
Balancing ledger accounts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record various business expenses in ledger accounts
-Post revenue transactions correctly
-Record drawings transactions correctly
-Distinguish between expense and revenue accounts
-Explain the nature of drawings account
-Demonstrate effects on capital and cash accounts

Expense and revenue recording; Drawings transaction recording; Classification exercises; Capital impact analysis; Practical posting activities; Comprehensive transaction sets

Textbook, Ledger books, Expense/revenue examples, Drawings scenarios, Classification worksheets
Textbook, Ledger books, Calculator, Balancing worksheets, Special scenario worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 137-139

THE LEDGER

Uses of ledger and trial balance preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the uses of ledger accounts
-Define trial balance and its purpose
-Extract account balances from ledger
-Prepare trial balance from ledger accounts
-Demonstrate trial balance equilibrium
-Show procedure for trial balance preparation

Trial balance preparation; Balance extraction exercises; Practical preparation activities; Uses discussion; Error checking sessions; Step-by-step trial balance construction

Textbook, Ledger books, Trial balance formats, Calculator, Extraction worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 141-142

THE LEDGER

Trial balance limitations and errors
Classification of accounts and types of ledgers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify limitations of trial balance
-Explain errors that do not affect trial balance agreement
-Discuss hidden errors in trial balance
-Analyze errors that cause trial balance disagreement
-Demonstrate error detection techniques
-Show correction procedures for common errors

Error analysis sessions; Limitation discussions; Error detection exercises; Hidden error identification; Correction demonstrations; Group problem solving

Textbook, Error example worksheets, Analysis charts, Correction materials, Error detection aids
Textbook, Classification charts, Ledger type examples, Comparison worksheets, Business scenario materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 142-143

THE CASH BOOK

Introduction, meaning and purpose of cash book
Types of cash books and single-column cash book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a cash book
-Explain the purpose of keeping a cash book
-Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
-Identify the two-sided nature of cash book
-Explain the uses of cash book in business
-Describe the debit and credit sides of cash book

Introduction to cash book concept; Group discussion on cash transactions; Demonstration of cash book structure; Practical identification of cash vs credit transactions; Analysis of cash book importance

Textbook, Sample cash books, Transaction examples, Chart showing cash book structure
Textbook, Cash book formats, Practice worksheets, Rulers, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 160-161

THE CASH BOOK

The two-column cash book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the two-column cash book structure
-Identify cash and bank columns
-Record transactions in two-column cash book
-Understand contra entries and their recording
-Balance cash and bank columns separately
-Show proper use of folio references

Two-column format demonstration; Contra entries explanation; Practical recording exercises; Balancing procedures for both columns; Group problem solving; Step-by-step construction activities

Textbook, Two-column cash book formats, Transaction sets, Calculator, Contra entry examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 163-165

THE CASH BOOK

Bank overdraft and advanced two-column cash book
The three-column cash book and discount columns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define bank overdraft and its causes
-Record bank overdraft in cash book
-Handle complex two-column cash book transactions
-Prepare two-column cash book with overdraft situations
-Balance cash book with overdraft correctly
-Apply knowledge to real business scenarios

Bank overdraft explanation; Complex transaction analysis; Overdraft recording demonstrations; Advanced problem solving; Real business scenario exercises; Error correction activities

Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Overdraft scenarios, Business case studies
Textbook, Three-column cash book formats, Calculator, Discount calculation worksheets, Practice sets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 165-167

THE CASH BOOK

Double-entry and ledger posting from cash book
Pertinent issues and comprehensive practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain double-entry of cash book items
-Post cash receipts and payments to ledger accounts
-Handle dishonoured cheques and their treatment
-Show proper ledger posting procedures
-Demonstrate completion of double-entry from cash book
-Apply posting rules to various cash book transactions

Double-entry demonstrations; Ledger posting exercises; Dishonoured cheque scenarios; Practical posting activities; Step-by-step posting guidance; Error correction exercises

Textbook, Ledger books, Posting examples, Dishonoured cheque scenarios, Practice worksheets
Textbook, Comprehensive problem sets, Ethical scenario cards, Case study materials, Assessment worksheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 168-169

THE CASH BOOK

Pertinent issues and comprehensive practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: