SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Introduction and Cash Receipts
Invoice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define source documents; Explain importance of source documents; Describe features of cash receipts; Distinguish between cash and cheque payments

Q/A on business transactions; Discussion on documentary evidence; Examination of cash receipt samples; Practical exercise filling cash receipts

Sample receipts, cash register examples, receipt books
Sample invoices, calculators, discount calculation worksheets

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 1-3

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit Note and Credit Note
Payment Voucher and Introduction to Books of Original Entry
Sales Journal
Posting from Sales Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define debit note and credit note; Explain purposes of each document; Distinguish between debit and credit notes; Identify when each is used

Examination of sample notes; Comparison exercise between debit and credit notes; Role-play scenarios for issuing notes; Discussion on correction purposes

Sample debit notes, credit notes (red colored), comparison charts
Payment vouchers, petty cash vouchers, chart of all books of original entry
Sales invoices, sales journal format, sample credit sales transactions
Sales journal, sales ledger accounts, general ledger format, posting examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 4-5

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Sales Returns Journal and Posting
Purchases Journal
Posting from Purchases Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of sales returns journal; Prepare sales returns journal; Post to individual debtors accounts and returns inwards account; Complete double entry

Examination of credit notes; Preparation of sales returns journal; Complete posting exercise to both ledgers; Discussion on returns concept

Credit notes issued, sales returns journal format, ledger accounts
Purchase invoices, purchases journal format, sample credit purchase transactions
Purchases journal, purchases ledger, general ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 12-14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases Returns Journal and Posting
Cash Receipts Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare purchases returns journal; Record goods returned to suppliers; Post to creditors accounts and returns outwards account; Use credit notes received

Examination of credit notes received; Preparation of purchases returns journal; Complete posting exercise; Discussion on returns outwards concept

Credit notes received, purchases returns journal format, ledger accounts
Cash receipts journal format, sample receipts, cash sales data

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 16-19

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Cash Receipts Journal
Cash Payments Journal and Posting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post totals to cash book and bank account; Post individual amounts to relevant accounts; Post discount totals to general ledger; Complete double entry

Demonstration of posting procedure; Practical exercise posting to cash book and ledgers; Discussion on relationship with cash book

Cash receipts journal, cash book format, general ledger accounts
Cash payments journal format, payment vouchers, receipts, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 19-22

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The Petty Cash Book - Imprest System
Petty Cash Book Preparation and Analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain petty cash concept; Define and apply imprest system; Identify features of petty cash book; Understand petty cashier responsibilities

Discussion on petty cash concept; Introduction to imprest system; Examination of petty cash book format; Explanation of reimbursement process

Petty cash book format, sample petty cash vouchers, imprest system examples
Petty cash transactions, analysis cash book format, calculator, petty cash vouchers

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 25

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Petty Cash Book
Analysis Cash Book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post analysis column totals to general ledger; Post creditor payments to purchases ledger; Understand petty cash book as both ledger and journal

Demonstration of posting from analysis columns; Practical posting exercise; Discussion on dual nature of petty cash book; Review of all posting procedures

Petty cash book, general ledger accounts, purchases ledger
Analysis cash book format, sample transactions for club/society, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 30-31

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

General Journal - Introduction and Fixed Assets
General Journal - Opening Entries
General Journal - Closing Entries and Error Corrections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define general journal; Identify transactions for journal proper; Record purchase and sale of fixed assets on credit; Write appropriate narrations

Introduction to general journal concept; Recording fixed asset transactions; Practical exercises on asset purchases and sales; Discussion on narration writing

General journal format, fixed asset transaction examples, calculator for gains/losses
Opening balance data, general journal format, calculator
Sample closing entries, error correction scenarios, transfer examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 35-37

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance of Journals
Introduction and Trading Period Concept
Determination of Profit or Loss

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals; Explain benefits to business operations; Understand fraud prevention aspects; Analyze efficiency improvements

Group discussion on journal importance; Analysis of business benefits; Case study on fraud prevention; Debate on manual vs computerized systems

Discussion prompts, case study materials, summary charts
Charts showing different accounting periods, sample financial statements
Calculators, simple profit calculation worksheets, examples from textbook

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 40

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cost of Goods Sold Calculations
Complex Profit and Loss Calculations
Introduction to Trading Account
Trading Account Preparation - Basic

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate cost of goods sold with opening and closing stock; Apply adjustments for returns inwards and outwards; Include carriage inwards in calculations; Practice with multiple examples

Detailed explanation of cost of goods sold formula; Step-by-step calculation using Mr Mugambi's example; Practical exercises with stock movements

Calculators, cost of goods sold worksheets, stock calculation examples
Advanced calculation worksheets, complex business scenarios, group work materials
Trading account format sheets, demonstration materials, simple examples
Trading account formats, practical examples, balancing demonstrations

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 54-56

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Trading Account with Adjustments
Importance and Applications of Trading Account
Net Profit and Net Loss Concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Include returns inwards and outwards; Add carriage inwards to purchases; Prepare comprehensive trading accounts; Handle multiple adjustments

Advanced trading account preparation; Using Karanja's comprehensive example; Practice with all possible adjustments; Group exercises on complex accounts

Comprehensive trading account formats, advanced examples, adjustment worksheets
Case study materials, performance comparison charts, presentation guidelines
Net profit calculation sheets, revenue and expense examples, comparison charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 58-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revenue and Expense Classification
Profit and Loss Account Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify items as revenues or expenses; Distinguish between income and expenditure; Identify debit and credit balance items; Understand trial balance classifications

Practical classification exercises; Analysis of Salim's trial balance; Group work on item classification; Discussion on debit/credit balances

Classification worksheets, trial balance examples, group exercise materials
Profit and loss account formats, demonstration materials, practice examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 61-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and Loss Account from Trial Balance
Combined Trading and Profit & Loss Account

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit and loss account from trial balance; Identify relevant items from trial balance; Calculate net profit or loss; Handle complex trial balances

Using Maneno's trial balance example; Step-by-step extraction of relevant items; Practice with complex trial balances; Error detection exercises

Trial balance examples, extraction worksheets, complex scenarios
Complete final account formats, comprehensive examples, practice materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 63-64

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance of Profit and Loss Account
Balance Sheet Introduction
Balance Sheet Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance to various stakeholders; Understand management uses; Identify creditor and investor interests; Analyze decision-making applications

Discussion on stakeholder needs; Case studies on business decisions; Role-play exercise with different stakeholders; Analysis of real business scenarios

Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, role-play guidelines
Balance sheet formats, accounting equation demonstrations, basic examples
Balance sheet preparation sheets, adjustment examples, balancing demonstrations

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 61-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Types of Capital
Capital Calculations and Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define different types of capital; Distinguish between owned and borrowed capital; Calculate working capital; Understand capital employed concept

Detailed explanation of capital types; Calculations using Upinde Traders example; Practical exercises on capital calculations; Group work on capital concepts

Capital calculation worksheets, Upinde Traders example, calculation exercises
Advanced calculation sheets, multiple scenarios, problem-solving materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 67-69

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Introduction to Financial Ratios
Mark-up Calculations and Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define financial ratios; Explain importance of ratios; Introduce mark-up concept; Calculate basic mark-up

Introduction to ratio analysis; Explanation of mark-up concept; Basic mark-up calculations; Discussion on pricing strategies

Ratio calculation sheets, mark-up examples, pricing strategy materials
Mark-up calculation worksheets, Kiambu Traders example, pricing problems

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 69-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Margin Concept and Calculations
Relationship Between Mark-up and Margin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define margin; Distinguish between mark-up and margin; Calculate margin using different methods; Apply margin in business decisions

Introduction to margin concept; Comparison with mark-up; Practical calculations; Using Waithera's example for margin applications

Margin calculation sheets, comparison charts, Waithera's example
Conversion formula sheets, mathematical examples, complex problems

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 71-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Trading Account Preparation Using Ratios
Current Ratio and Working Capital Ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use mark-up to prepare trading accounts; Apply margin in account preparation; Handle incomplete records; Solve complex scenarios

Practical preparation using mark-up and margin; Incomplete records scenarios; Advanced problem-solving; Individual and group exercises

Trading account formats, incomplete record examples, complex scenarios
Ratio calculation sheets, Busia Traders example, interpretation guides

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Rate of Stock Turnover
Stock Turnover Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define stock turnover; Calculate rate of stock turnover; Interpret turnover results; Apply in trading account preparation

Explanation of stock turnover concept; Calculations using Upendo Traders; Practical applications; Using turnover for incomplete records

Stock turnover worksheets, Upendo Traders example, practical applications
Advanced application sheets, Maendeleo Traders example, complex scenarios

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Paper 2 Revision

Return on Capital
Acid Test and Quick Ratio
Importance of Financial Ratios
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define return on capital; Calculate return on capital; Interpret results for decision making; Compare business performance

Introduction to profitability ratios; Calculations using Mr Odiek's example; Performance comparison methods; Investment decision applications

Return calculation sheets, Mr Odiek's example, comparison materials
Quick ratio worksheets, Nakura Stores example, liquidity analysis materials
Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, presentation guidelines
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 78-79