FORAGE CROPS

Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline establishment and utilization of agroforestry shrubs as fodder. Explain reasons for conserving forage including seasonal feed distribution. State methods of forage conservation. Compare hay, silage and standing forage conservation.

Discussion on agroforestry benefits. Exposition of conservation importance. Brain storming on conservation method selection.

Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 244-245

FORAGE CROPS

Hay making
Silage making and silo types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.
Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams
Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials

KLB BK III Pg 245-247
KLB BK III Pg 247-249

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting silage quality and use of additives. Describe silage losses and prevention methods. Calculate silage requirements based on animal dry matter needs. Outline standing forage as alternative conservation method.

Calculation exercises on silage requirements. Discussion on quality factors and additive use. Brain storming on loss prevention strategies.

Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 249-250

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe coccidiosis in young animals including symptoms and control. Explain trypanosomiasis (nagana) transmission by tsetse flies. Identify symptoms of trypanosomiasis in different animals. Outline control measures for vector-borne diseases.

Discussion on young animal diseases. Case study of trypanosomiasis control. Examination of disease symptoms pictures. Brain storming on vector control.

Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 254-255

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.
Describe black quarter symptoms and spore-forming bacteria. Explain anthrax as notifiable disease affecting all warm-blooded animals. Describe pneumonia in young animals and predisposing factors. State control measures including vaccination and proper disposal.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.
Discussion on acute bacterial diseases. Exposition of notifiable diseases. Brain storming on disease prevention. Case study of anthrax control.

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 257-259
KLB BK III Pg 261-263

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment

KLB BK III Pg 265-267

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment

KLB BK III Pg 265-267

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - African swine fever

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe African swine fever as highly contagious disease of pigs. Explain transmission through direct contact and vectors. Identify symptoms including fever and respiratory distress. Outline control measures including quarantine and culling.

Discussion on swine diseases. Case study of African swine fever outbreaks. Brain storming on pig management. Exposition of disease control strategies.

Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 267-268

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat
Composition of an egg
Incubation of eggs - Selection characteristics
Egg candling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe milk fever as calcium deficiency in dairy cows. Explain symptoms including muscle twitching and paralysis. Describe bloat as gas accumulation in rumen. Outline treatment methods including calcium injection and gas release techniques.
State characteristics of eggs for incubation. List factors to consider when selecting eggs for incubation. Examine internal condition of eggs through candling.

Discussion on nutritional disorders. Demonstration of calcium injection principles. Brain storming on nutritional management. Case study of bloat treatment.
Q/A on egg selection criteria. Practical activity - examining eggs for selection. Discussion on weight, size, and shape requirements. Hands-on evaluation of egg quality for incubation. Recording selection criteria observations.

Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements
Eggs, Chart showing parts of an egg, Drawing materials, Magnifying glass, Rulers for measurement
Eggs of various conditions, Weighing scale, Measuring tools, Record sheets, Selection criteria charts
Cardboard boxes, Torch, Electric bulb, Candles, Dark room setup, Observation sheets

KLB BK III Pg 268-270
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 3-4

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Natural incubation
Artificial incubation - Conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of natural incubation. Identify management practices of natural incubation. Describe signs of broodiness in hens. Explain preparation of nesting boxes for broody hens.

Q/A on natural incubation signs and management. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Practical demonstration of nesting box preparation. Role-play managing broody hens. Setting up proper nesting environment with appropriate materials. Problem-solving scenarios for natural incubation challenges.

Nesting box, Nesting materials (dry grass, sawdust), Debe containers, Sample nest setups, Broody hen management guides
Artificial incubator model, Thermometer, Water trays, Ventilation materials, Damp cloths, Eggs for turning

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 5-6

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Management of an incubator
Sources of chicks and brooding introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight management practices of an incubator. State merits and demerits of artificial incubation. Explain daily management routines. Identify and solve common incubation problems.

Brain storming on incubator management practices. Practical demonstration of daily management procedures. Setting up incubation schedules and record keeping. Hands-on cleaning and disinfection procedures. Problem-solving common incubation failures and solutions. Cost-benefit analysis of artificial vs natural incubation.

Incubator, Disinfectants, Cleaning materials, Management record sheets, Timer, Cost comparison charts
List of chick suppliers in Kenya, Transport cost charts, Chick quality assessment guides, Presentation materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 8-9

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Artificial brooding - Requirements and preparation
Brooder management and chick care

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify requirements for an artificial brooder. Explain brooder preparation procedures before chicks arrive. Describe equipment needed for brooding. Set up proper brooding environment.

Exposition and probing questions on brooder requirements. Practical demonstration of brooder setup and preparation. Hands-on installation of heat sources (32°C-35°C first week). Setting up feeders, waterers, and proper spacing. Preparation of newspapers and litter materials. Testing all equipment before chick arrival.

Artificial brooder, Heat sources (electric bulbs, charcoal burner), Wire guards, Thermometer, Newspapers, Litter materials, Feeders, Waterers
Chick mash samples, Feeders, Waterers, Vaccination charts, Behavior observation sheets, Feed calculation worksheets, Thermometer

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 7-8

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Rearing of growers, layers and broilers
Free range rearing system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss rearing of growers, layers and broilers. Compare feeding requirements for different bird categories. Calculate feed consumption and space requirements. Plan transition from brooder to grower stage.
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system. Identify requirements for free-range system. State merits and demerits of free range system. Calculate stocking density (not exceeding 1000 birds per hectare).

Exposition and probing questions on different rearing stages. Discussion on grower mash (16-17% D.C.P.) vs layer mash (14-16% D.C.P.) vs broiler feeds. Practical calculation of daily feed requirements (120g per layer). Problem-solving feeding program transitions. Creating management schedules for different bird categories. Space calculation exercises.
Q/A on system selection factors (land, topography, labor, capital, security, market, knowledge). Discussion on free range requirements - land size, fencing, runs, movable houses. Practical calculation of land needs (100 birds need 0.4 hectare). Cost-benefit analysis comparing with other systems. Problem-solving free range management challenges.

Feed samples (grower, layer, broiler mash), Calculators, Rearing comparison charts, Feed calculation worksheets, Space requirement guides
Free range system charts, Measuring tape, Calculators, Fencing materials samples, Land calculation worksheets, Cost comparison sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 10-12
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 12-15

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Free range rearing system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system. Identify requirements for free-range system. State merits and demerits of free range system. Calculate stocking density (not exceeding 1000 birds per hectare).

Q/A on system selection factors (land, topography, labor, capital, security, market, knowledge). Discussion on free range requirements - land size, fencing, runs, movable houses. Practical calculation of land needs (100 birds need 0.4 hectare). Cost-benefit analysis comparing with other systems. Problem-solving free range management challenges.

Free range system charts, Measuring tape, Calculators, Fencing materials samples, Land calculation worksheets, Cost comparison sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 12-15

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Fold system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fold system. State merits and demerits of fold systems. Design fold specifications (3.5m long, 1.5m wide, 1.5m high). Calculate number of birds per fold (10-15 hens per fold).

Q/A and discussion on fold system principles and portability. Practical measurement and design of fold dimensions. Drawing scaled fold designs with roofed and open sections. Calculation exercises for fold numbers needed for given flock size. Discussion on daily movement requirements and labor implications. Problem-solving fold construction and management issues.

Fold design materials, Wire mesh samples, Measuring tools, Construction planning sheets, Calculators, Model building materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 15-16

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Deep litter system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for deep litter system. State merits and demerits of deep litter systems. Calculate space requirements (1 sq m per 2-3 birds). Plan litter management and house specifications.

Q/A and discussion on deep litter system requirements. Practical demonstration of litter preparation (15-30cm deep) using sawdust, wood shavings. Calculation of space allocation and bird density. Design of house layout with proper ventilation (60-90cm opening above ground). Problem-solving litter management challenges including moisture control and turning.

Deep litter materials (sawdust, wood shavings, crushed maize cobs), House design materials, Calculators, Ventilation planning guides, Moisture control charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 16-18

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Battery cage system
Factors affecting egg production - Stress

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for battery cage system. Calculate cage specifications and arrangements. Compare battery system with other systems. Design cage layout with proper spacing (0.2 square meter per bird).
State causes of stress in birds. Outline stress management practices. Identify effects of stress on egg production. Plan stress reduction strategies for poultry farms.

Q/A and discussion on battery cage principles and intensive management. Practical measurement and design of cage dimensions (45cm wide, 45cm high, 57.5cm deep). Calculation exercises for tier arrangements (3-6 tiers) and bird capacity. Drawing scaled cage arrangements with feeding and watering systems. Cost analysis comparing initial investment with returns. Problem-solving cage management and mechanization issues.
Discussion on stress causes (sudden changes, strangers, handling, noise, weather, diseases, lack of feed/water). Practical identification of stress symptoms in birds. Problem-solving stress management scenarios. Group work on creating stress-free environments. Planning daily routines to minimize stress. Development of emergency procedures for stress situations.

Battery cage models, Wire mesh samples, Measuring equipment, Calculators, Cage design worksheets, Cost analysis sheets
Stress identification charts, Case study materials, Management planning sheets, Emergency procedure guides, Poultry behavior observation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 18-19
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 19-20

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Vices in poultry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify causes of vices such as egg eating and cannibalism. Explain measures taken to control vices. Demonstrate debeaking procedures. Plan vice prevention programs.

Discussion on causes and control of egg eating (broken eggs, bright lights, idleness, inadequate nests, mineral deficiency). Analysis of cannibalism causes (parasites, overcrowding, bright light, prolapse, mineral deficiency, new birds). Demonstration of debeaking procedures using models. Problem-solving vice prevention strategies. Creating management plans to eliminate vice-causing conditions.

Charts showing poultry vices and symptoms, Debeaking equipment models, Vice prevention planning sheets, Case study examples, Control measure guides

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 20-22

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Culling birds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term culling. Give reasons for culling of birds. Identify characteristics of good and poor layers. Demonstrate proper culling procedures and record keeping.

Brain storming on culling importance and economic benefits. Practical observation and identification of characteristics of good layers vs poor layers. Discussion on culling criteria (production records, physical examination, behavior). Record keeping for culling decisions and flock improvement. Problem-solving culling schedules and replacement planning. Cost-benefit analysis of culling programs.

Live birds for observation (if available), Culling record sheets, Production record examples, Culling criteria charts, Cost-benefit calculation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 22

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Marketing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for fresh markets. Explain egg packing procedures with broad end upward. Calculate marketing costs, profits and pricing strategies.

Teacher's demonstrations on egg sorting by cleanliness, size (small, medium, large), and candling quality. Practical exercise in egg classification and grading. Hands-on egg packing using proper techniques (30 eggs per tray, 10 trays per box). Discussion on marketing channels and pricing strategies. Cost-benefit calculations including transport and packaging costs. Problem-solving marketing challenges and seasonal price variations.

Eggs of various sizes and quality, Egg trays (30-egg capacity), Egg boxes, Grading equipment, Calculators, Market price analysis sheets, Packaging cost worksheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 22-23

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Processing chicken meat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of killing a bird (neck dislocation, sharp knife). Describe dressing of a bird's carcass. Explain proper slaughtering procedures with 12-hour starvation. Demonstrate packaging for market sale.

Topic review and teacher's demonstrations of humane killing methods. Practical demonstration of neck dislocation and knife cutting techniques using models. Step-by-step carcass dressing procedures (plucking, singeing, removing neck and crop, organ removal). Discussion on food safety, hygiene standards, and packaging in polythene bags. Problem-solving processing challenges and quality control. Cost calculation for processing operations and profit margins.

Demonstration models, Processing equipment models, Sharp knives (demonstration only), Safety and hygiene materials, Packaging materials, Processing cost calculation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 23-25