SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Introduction and Cash Receipts
Invoice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define source documents; Explain importance of source documents; Describe features of cash receipts; Distinguish between cash and cheque payments

Q/A on business transactions; Discussion on documentary evidence; Examination of cash receipt samples; Practical exercise filling cash receipts

Sample receipts, cash register examples, receipt books
Sample invoices, calculators, discount calculation worksheets

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 1-3

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit Note and Credit Note
Payment Voucher and Introduction to Books of Original Entry
Sales Journal
Posting from Sales Journal
Sales Returns Journal and Posting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define debit note and credit note; Explain purposes of each document; Distinguish between debit and credit notes; Identify when each is used

Examination of sample notes; Comparison exercise between debit and credit notes; Role-play scenarios for issuing notes; Discussion on correction purposes

Sample debit notes, credit notes (red colored), comparison charts
Payment vouchers, petty cash vouchers, chart of all books of original entry
Sales invoices, sales journal format, sample credit sales transactions
Sales journal, sales ledger accounts, general ledger format, posting examples
Credit notes issued, sales returns journal format, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 4-5

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases Journal
Posting from Purchases Journal
Purchases Returns Journal and Posting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare purchases journal from credit purchases; Record transactions using purchase invoices; Understand invoice numbering systems; Format journal correctly

Examination of purchase invoices; Practical preparation of purchases journal; Discussion on different invoice numbering; Group exercise with sample purchases

Purchase invoices, purchases journal format, sample credit purchase transactions
Purchases journal, purchases ledger, general ledger accounts
Credit notes received, purchases returns journal format, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash Receipts Journal
Posting from Cash Receipts Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare cash receipts journal; Record cash and cheque receipts; Include discount allowed column; Distinguish receipt sources

Introduction to cash receipts journal format; Recording various types of receipts; Practical exercise with cash sales and debtor payments; Discussion on discount columns

Cash receipts journal format, sample receipts, cash sales data
Cash receipts journal, cash book format, general ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 19

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash Payments Journal and Posting
The Petty Cash Book - Imprest System
Petty Cash Book Preparation and Analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare cash payments journal; Record cash and cheque payments; Include discount received column; Post to relevant ledger accounts

Preparation of cash payments journal using payment data; Complete posting exercise to cash book and ledgers; Discussion on discount received

Cash payments journal format, payment vouchers, receipts, ledger accounts
Petty cash book format, sample petty cash vouchers, imprest system examples
Petty cash transactions, analysis cash book format, calculator, petty cash vouchers

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 22-25

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Petty Cash Book
Analysis Cash Book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post analysis column totals to general ledger; Post creditor payments to purchases ledger; Understand petty cash book as both ledger and journal

Demonstration of posting from analysis columns; Practical posting exercise; Discussion on dual nature of petty cash book; Review of all posting procedures

Petty cash book, general ledger accounts, purchases ledger
Analysis cash book format, sample transactions for club/society, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 30-31

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

General Journal - Introduction and Fixed Assets
General Journal - Opening Entries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define general journal; Identify transactions for journal proper; Record purchase and sale of fixed assets on credit; Write appropriate narrations

Introduction to general journal concept; Recording fixed asset transactions; Practical exercises on asset purchases and sales; Discussion on narration writing

General journal format, fixed asset transaction examples, calculator for gains/losses
Opening balance data, general journal format, calculator

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 35-37

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General Journal - Closing Entries and Error Corrections
Importance of Journals
Introduction and Trading Period Concept
Determination of Profit or Loss

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record closing entries and transfers; Correct errors through journal entries; Record miscellaneous transactions; Understand when to use general journal

Practice with closing entries; Error correction exercises; Discussion on transfer entries; Review of general journal applications

Sample closing entries, error correction scenarios, transfer examples
Discussion prompts, case study materials, summary charts
Charts showing different accounting periods, sample financial statements
Calculators, simple profit calculation worksheets, examples from textbook

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 39-40

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cost of Goods Sold Calculations
Complex Profit and Loss Calculations
Introduction to Trading Account
Trading Account Preparation - Basic

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate cost of goods sold with opening and closing stock; Apply adjustments for returns inwards and outwards; Include carriage inwards in calculations; Practice with multiple examples

Detailed explanation of cost of goods sold formula; Step-by-step calculation using Mr Mugambi's example; Practical exercises with stock movements

Calculators, cost of goods sold worksheets, stock calculation examples
Advanced calculation worksheets, complex business scenarios, group work materials
Trading account format sheets, demonstration materials, simple examples
Trading account formats, practical examples, balancing demonstrations

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 54-56

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Trading Account with Adjustments
Importance and Applications of Trading Account
Net Profit and Net Loss Concepts
Revenue and Expense Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Include returns inwards and outwards; Add carriage inwards to purchases; Prepare comprehensive trading accounts; Handle multiple adjustments

Advanced trading account preparation; Using Karanja's comprehensive example; Practice with all possible adjustments; Group exercises on complex accounts

Comprehensive trading account formats, advanced examples, adjustment worksheets
Case study materials, performance comparison charts, presentation guidelines
Net profit calculation sheets, revenue and expense examples, comparison charts
Classification worksheets, trial balance examples, group exercise materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 58-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and Loss Account Preparation
Profit and Loss Account from Trial Balance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit and loss accounts; Transfer gross profit correctly; Include all revenues and expenses; Balance the account properly

Step-by-step preparation using Tabitha Akinyi's data; Demonstration of proper format; Practice with Salim's example; Individual preparation exercises

Profit and loss account formats, demonstration materials, practice examples
Trial balance examples, extraction worksheets, complex scenarios

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 62-63

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Combined Trading and Profit & Loss Account
Importance of Profit and Loss Account

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare combined trading, profit and loss account; Use Kipande Traders comprehensive example; Handle complete final accounts; Apply proper formatting

Comprehensive preparation using Kipande Traders; Step-by-step combined account preparation; Practice with complete examples; Individual and group work

Complete final account formats, comprehensive examples, practice materials
Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, role-play guidelines

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 64-66

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Balance Sheet Introduction
Balance Sheet Preparation
Types of Capital

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define balance sheet; Understand balance sheet purpose; Identify assets, capital and liabilities; Explain accounting equation

Introduction to balance sheet concept; Explanation of accounting equation; Discussion on financial position; Basic balance sheet structure

Balance sheet formats, accounting equation demonstrations, basic examples
Balance sheet preparation sheets, adjustment examples, balancing demonstrations
Capital calculation worksheets, Upinde Traders example, calculation exercises

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 66-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Capital Calculations and Applications
Introduction to Financial Ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate working capital and capital employed; Apply different calculation methods; Understand relationships between capital types; Practice with complex examples

Advanced capital calculations; Multiple calculation methods; Practice with various business scenarios; Problem-solving exercises

Advanced calculation sheets, multiple scenarios, problem-solving materials
Ratio calculation sheets, mark-up examples, pricing strategy materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 67-69

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Mark-up Calculations and Applications
Margin Concept and Calculations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate mark-up using various methods; Apply mark-up to determine selling prices; Use mark-up in trading account preparation; Solve practical problems

Advanced mark-up calculations; Using Kiambu Traders example; Practical applications in pricing; Problem-solving exercises

Mark-up calculation worksheets, Kiambu Traders example, pricing problems
Margin calculation sheets, comparison charts, Waithera's example

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 69-72

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Relationship Between Mark-up and Margin
Trading Account Preparation Using Ratios
Current Ratio and Working Capital Ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Understand mathematical relationship; Convert between mark-up and margin; Apply conversion formulas; Solve complex problems

Detailed explanation of relationship; Mathematical conversion methods; Practice with conversion exercises; Problem-solving applications

Conversion formula sheets, mathematical examples, complex problems
Trading account formats, incomplete record examples, complex scenarios
Ratio calculation sheets, Busia Traders example, interpretation guides

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 74-75

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Rate of Stock Turnover
Stock Turnover Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define stock turnover; Calculate rate of stock turnover; Interpret turnover results; Apply in trading account preparation

Explanation of stock turnover concept; Calculations using Upendo Traders; Practical applications; Using turnover for incomplete records

Stock turnover worksheets, Upendo Traders example, practical applications
Advanced application sheets, Maendeleo Traders example, complex scenarios

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Return on Capital
Acid Test and Quick Ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define return on capital; Calculate return on capital; Interpret results for decision making; Compare business performance

Introduction to profitability ratios; Calculations using Mr Odiek's example; Performance comparison methods; Investment decision applications

Return calculation sheets, Mr Odiek's example, comparison materials
Quick ratio worksheets, Nakura Stores example, liquidity analysis materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 78-79

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MONEY & BANKING
MONEY & BANKING
MONEY & BANKING
MONEY & BANKING

Importance of Financial Ratios
Introduction, Barter Trade and its Limitations
Money System and Characteristics of Money
Functions of Money
Demand for Money and Supply of Money

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of each ratio type; Identify stakeholder uses; Understand decision-making applications; Analyze business implications

Comprehensive discussion on ratio importance; Stakeholder analysis; Case studies on ratio applications; Group presentations

Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, presentation guidelines
Real exchange items, Problem scenario cards, Case study materials, Charts
Different currencies, Genuine and sample notes, Magnifying glass, Regional currency samples
Goods for trading, Price tags, Recording sheets, Savings scenarios, Property document samples
Budget sheets, Emergency scenarios, Investment charts, Money supply statistics, Central Bank reports

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 80

MONEY & BANKING

Banking System and Development of Banking
Commercial Banks and Their Services
Commercial Bank Services and Foreign Exchange
Types of Bank Accounts - Current and Savings
Fixed Deposit Accounts and Account Opening Requirements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of Kenya's banking system. Explain hierarchy of banks. Trace history of banking development from goldsmith banking to modern banking. Understand banking evolution.

Mapping exercise of Kenya's banking system. Historical timeline creation of banking development. Story-telling of goldsmith banking origins. Group research on banking categories. Banking evolution discussions.

Banking system charts, Historical timeline materials, Bank category lists, Banking evolution charts
Mock bank materials, Deposit slips, Transfer forms, Safety boxes, Play money, Standing order cards
Exchange rate charts, Advisory scenario cards, Trustee examples, Guarantor forms, Intermediary flow charts
Account opening forms, Cheque books, ATM cards, Interest calculation sheets, Comparison charts
Investment scenarios, Calculation sheets, Account forms, ID documents, Photographs, Certificate samples

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 99-101

MONEY & BANKING

Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs)
Micro-Finance, Agricultural Finance and Differences with Commercial Banks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define NBFIs and their purpose. Explain Development Finance Institutions, Housing Finance Companies, SACCOs, Insurance Companies. Detail their functions and services.

Research on local NBFIs. SACCO membership simulation. Insurance policy analysis. Housing finance case studies. Group presentations on NBFI roles.

NBFI information sheets, SACCO materials, Insurance policies, Housing finance examples, Case study materials
Loan application forms, Agricultural projects, Comparison charts, Case studies, Analysis sheets

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 111-113

MONEY & BANKING

Central Bank Functions
Monetary Policy Tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define Central Bank role in monetary control. Explain currency issuing, banker to banks, government banking, bank control, and clearing house functions. Demonstrate lender of last resort role.

Central Bank role-play activities. Currency management simulation. Inter-bank transaction examples. Government account simulation. Bank supervision demonstrations. Cheque clearing exercises.

Central Bank charts, Currency samples, Inter-bank forms, Government forms, Supervision checklists, Clearing examples
Policy charts, Interest rate examples, Securities samples, Calculation sheets, Control scenarios, Comparison tables

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 113-115

MONEY & BANKING

Modern Banking Trends

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze evolution in account types and their features. Explain computer use in banking and its benefits. Detail ATM operations and their impact on banking. Assess technological improvements in banking.

Modern banking technology demonstration. ATM operation simulation. Computer banking examples. Account feature comparison. Technology impact discussions.

ATM cards, Computer demonstrations, Modern banking examples, Technology comparison charts
Mobile phones, E-banking platforms, Digital payment examples, Credit forms, Service scenarios, Mobile bank materials

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 117-119