INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Introduction, Types and Advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define international trade. Distinguish between bilateral and multilateral trade. State advantages of international trade. Explain how trade promotes specialization and employment.

Q/A session on local trading experiences; Brainstorming on goods Kenya exports/imports; Group discussion on trade advantages with real examples; Analysis of technology transfer cases.

World map, newspapers with trade reports, charts showing Kenya's trading partners, business magazines

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 162-164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Disadvantages of International Trade
Computing Terms of Trade
Factors Affecting Terms of Trade
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments Concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify disadvantages of international trade. Explain how trade can lead to local industry collapse. Analyze imported inflation concept. Discuss cultural and sovereignty impacts.

Guided discussion on negative trade effects; Case study analysis of textile industry challenges; Q/A on dependency problems; Group work on cultural changes due to globalization.

Newspaper cuttings on industry closures, case study materials, charts showing trade impacts
Calculators, statistical data sheets, worked examples, formula charts
Case study materials, charts comparing different economies, business magazines
Trade statistics, charts showing balance structure, newspapers with economic data

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Preparing Balance of Payments Accounts
Balance of Payments Disequilibrium
Terms of Sale in International Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare balance of payments on current account. Calculate balance of payments on capital account. Determine overall balance of payments. Interpret account balances and official settlement account.

Step-by-step account preparation; Worked examples with comprehensive data; Supervised practice exercises; Group problem-solving on complex scenarios.

Account worksheets, calculators, worked examples, practice data sets
Policy documents, case study materials, charts showing correction methods
Shipping documents, cost calculation worksheets, practical scenarios, charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 169-171

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Credit and Import Documents
Shipping, Insurance and Commercial Documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain letter of credit functions and types. Describe import licence requirements. Analyze indent procedures (open and closed). Discuss creditworthiness and banking relationships.

Examination of actual letters of credit; Discussion on import licensing procedures; Group work on indent preparation; Analysis of banking documentation requirements.

Sample letters of credit, import licence forms, indent examples, banking documents
Bill of lading samples, insurance certificates, invoice examples, document comparison charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 176-177

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Specialized Trade Documents
IMF and World Bank

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe proforma invoice purposes. Explain freight note and weight note functions. Analyze letter of hypothecation uses. Discuss shipping advice note and document flow in trade.

Exposition of specialized documents; Group work on document sequencing; Practical scenarios on document usage; Analysis of complete trade documentation cycle.

Document samples, flow charts, practical scenarios, case studies
Charts showing institutional structures, case study materials, project reports

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 178-179

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

African Development Institutions
Forms and Characteristics of Economic Integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ADB establishment and functions. Describe ADF objectives and lending terms. Analyze impact on African development. Compare regional vs global financial institutions.

Exposition of regional development banking; Case studies on funded African projects; Discussion on concessional lending terms; Analysis of development impact assessment.

ADB/ADF project reports, development case studies, institutional comparison charts
Maps showing integration blocs, comparison charts, case study materials on regional blocs

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 181

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Importance and Effects of Economic Integration
Reasons and Methods of Trade Restrictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of economic integration including market expansion and specialization. Analyze advantages of free trade. Identify disadvantages including revenue loss and unemployment risks. Evaluate overall impact on member countries.

Group discussions on integration benefits; Case studies on successful integration examples; Analysis of trade creation vs trade diversion; Balanced assessment of costs and benefits.

Integration success stories, policy analysis documents, charts showing trade effects
Case study materials, tariff schedules, quota examples, policy documents, calculators

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 184-185

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trade Liberalization and Export Processing Zones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of trade restrictions for domestic industries. Identify disadvantages including retaliation risks and consumer impacts. Analyze quality and price implications. Evaluate long-term effects on economic efficiency.

Balanced analysis of restriction effects; Case studies on protection outcomes and retaliation; Discussion on consumer welfare impacts; Group evaluation of policy trade-offs.

Policy analysis documents, consumer impact studies, case study materials
EPZ documentation, liberalization case studies, charts showing trade policy evolution

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 187-188

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

E-commerce and Digital Trade
Forms and Importance of Economic Integration
Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade
Reasons for Trade Restrictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain e-commerce applications in international trade. Describe online payment systems and digital transactions. Analyze advantages and challenges of digital trade. Discuss future trends in electronic commerce.

Demonstration of e-commerce platforms; Discussion on digital payment security; Group work on online trade benefits and risks; Analysis of technology impact on trade.

Computer/tablets for demonstration, e-commerce examples, online payment illustrations
Maps showing integration blocs, charts comparing integration forms, newspaper articles on regional cooperation
Case study materials on successful integration, charts showing trade effects, policy analysis documents
Case study materials on protected industries, charts showing protection policies, newspaper articles on trade policies

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 189

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trends in International Trade
Economic Growth and Development Concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of trade restriction including tariffs and quotas. Highlight administrative bottlenecks and foreign exchange control. Explain moral persuasion as restriction method. Calculate effects of different restriction methods.

Detailed exposition of restriction methods; Practical examples of tariff and quota calculations; Discussion on administrative procedures; Group work on foreign exchange control mechanisms.

Tariff schedules, quota examples, calculators, policy documents showing restriction methods
Policy analysis documents, case studies on protection outcomes, consumer impact studies
EPZ documentation, computers/tablets for e-commerce demonstration, charts showing trade liberalization effects
Statistical data on economic indicators, charts comparing developed vs developing countries, newspaper economic reports

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 186-187

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Characteristics of Under-development
Factors Hindering Development
Political, Social and Economic Institutional Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify comprehensive characteristics of under-development. Explain high poverty levels and income disparity issues. Analyze unemployment problems and subsistence sector dominance. Discuss dependence on developed countries and infrastructure challenges.

Brainstorming session on development indicators; Detailed exposition of under-development characteristics; Group discussions on poverty and unemployment statistics; Visual analysis of infrastructure differences.

Statistical data on poverty and unemployment, photos showing infrastructure gaps, case study materials on developing countries
Case studies on development barriers, charts showing technology gaps, brain drain statistics
Governance case studies, cultural practice examples, charts showing institutional frameworks

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 197-199

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Development Planning Process and Objectives
Need for Development Planning and Benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define development planning concept and importance. Explain planning process including objective establishment. State government policy objectives for long-term development. Analyze resource identification and allocation in planning.

Guided discussion on planning necessity; Exposition of systematic planning process; Group work on identifying realistic planning objectives; Analysis of Kenya's development planning experience.

Kenya's development plan documents, planning process flowcharts, resource allocation examples
Planning success case studies, foreign aid effectiveness reports, project evaluation examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 202-204

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Problems in Development Planning Implementation
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State problems encountered in development planning at formulation stage. Explain implementation challenges including donor dependency. Analyze natural calamities impact on planning. Discuss political will and coordination problems in plan execution.

Exposition of planning challenges at different stages; Case studies on planning failures and successes; Group discussions on realistic vs over-ambitious planning; Analysis of natural disasters impact and political commitment importance.

Case studies on planning challenges, disaster impact reports, examples of successful and failed development projects
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 204-206

REVISION

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master financial calculations and reporting
-Prepare financial
-Interpret and apply financial data to solve problems

- Solve past paper financial questions in groups
-Peer review and teacher marking of solutions

Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop essay-style answers in a structured format
-Organize points logically under subheadings
-Practice time-bound responses

- Brainstorm key points for common topics as guided by the teacher
-Group discussion
-Peer review and teacher marking

Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 2, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master financial calculations and reporting
-Prepare financial
-Interpret and apply financial data to solve problems

- Solve past paper financial questions in groups
-Peer review and teacher marking of solutions

Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop essay-style answers in a structured format
-Organize points logically under subheadings
-Practice time-bound responses

- Brainstorm key points for common topics as guided by the teacher
-Group discussion
-Peer review and teacher marking

Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 2, KLB Bk 1-4