INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Introduction, Types and Advantages
Disadvantages of International Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define international trade. Distinguish between bilateral and multilateral trade. State advantages of international trade. Explain how trade promotes specialization and employment.

Q/A session on local trading experiences; Brainstorming on goods Kenya exports/imports; Group discussion on trade advantages with real examples; Analysis of technology transfer cases.

World map, newspapers with trade reports, charts showing Kenya's trading partners, business magazines
Newspaper cuttings on industry closures, case study materials, charts showing trade impacts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 162-164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Computing Terms of Trade
Factors Affecting Terms of Trade
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments Concepts
Preparing Balance of Payments Accounts
Balance of Payments Disequilibrium
Terms of Sale in International Trade
Credit and Import Documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define terms of trade. Calculate export and import price indices. Compute terms of trade using formulas. Interpret favorable and unfavorable terms of trade.
Define balance of payments disequilibrium. Identify causes of disequilibrium. Explain methods to decrease import volumes. Analyze export promotion strategies.

Exposition of terms of trade concept; Step-by-step calculation demonstrations; Worked examples with real data; Supervised practice on numerical problems.
Exposition of disequilibrium causes; Case studies on policy interventions; Discussion on import reduction methods; Analysis of export compensation and diversification strategies.

Calculators, statistical data sheets, worked examples, formula charts
Case study materials, charts comparing different economies, business magazines
Trade statistics, charts showing balance structure, newspapers with economic data
Account worksheets, calculators, worked examples, practice data sets
Policy documents, case study materials, charts showing correction methods
Shipping documents, cost calculation worksheets, practical scenarios, charts
Sample letters of credit, import licence forms, indent examples, banking documents

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 164-166
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 171-174

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Shipping, Insurance and Commercial Documents
Specialized Trade Documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain bill of lading purposes and features. Describe insurance policy types and certificate of origin. Analyze commercial and consular invoices. Compare airway bill with other transport documents.

Examination of actual shipping documents; Discussion on insurance requirements; Group analysis of invoice types; Comparison of transport document features.

Bill of lading samples, insurance certificates, invoice examples, document comparison charts
Document samples, flow charts, practical scenarios, case studies

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 177-178

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

IMF and World Bank
African Development Institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State objectives and functions of IMF. Explain stable exchange rate maintenance and international liquidity provision. Describe World Bank objectives and development financing role. Compare IMF and World Bank functions.

Exposition of institutional backgrounds; Discussion on exchange rate stabilization; Case studies on institutional interventions; Comparison of lending terms and objectives.

Charts showing institutional structures, case study materials, project reports
ADB/ADF project reports, development case studies, institutional comparison charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 180-182

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Forms and Characteristics of Economic Integration
Importance and Effects of Economic Integration
Reasons and Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trade Liberalization and Export Processing Zones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration. Identify and explain four forms: free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union. Compare characteristics and features of each form. Analyze progression from simple to complex integration.
Explain reasons for trade restrictions including infant industry and strategic industry protection. Describe methods: tariffs, quotas, administrative bottlenecks, foreign exchange control. Analyze dumping prevention and employment protection.

Exposition of integration concept and forms; Group discussions on regional cooperation examples; Comparison of integration levels using charts; Analysis of East African integration progress.
Exposition of protection rationale with examples; Detailed explanation of restriction methods; Practical examples of tariff and quota calculations; Case studies on protection policies.

Maps showing integration blocs, comparison charts, case study materials on regional blocs
Integration success stories, policy analysis documents, charts showing trade effects
Case study materials, tariff schedules, quota examples, policy documents, calculators
Policy analysis documents, consumer impact studies, case study materials
EPZ documentation, liberalization case studies, charts showing trade policy evolution

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 182-184
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 185-187

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

E-commerce and Digital Trade
Forms and Importance of Economic Integration
Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain e-commerce applications in international trade. Describe online payment systems and digital transactions. Analyze advantages and challenges of digital trade. Discuss future trends in electronic commerce.

Demonstration of e-commerce platforms; Discussion on digital payment security; Group work on online trade benefits and risks; Analysis of technology impact on trade.

Computer/tablets for demonstration, e-commerce examples, online payment illustrations
Maps showing integration blocs, charts comparing integration forms, newspaper articles on regional cooperation
Case study materials on successful integration, charts showing trade effects, policy analysis documents

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 189

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Reasons for Trade Restrictions
Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trends in International Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for trade restrictions including infant industry protection. Explain strategic industry protection necessity. Discuss employment creation and protection through restrictions. Analyze dumping prevention and balance of trade preservation.

Exposition of protection rationale with practical examples; Case studies on infant industry protection success; Discussion on strategic industries in Kenya; Group work on employment protection policies.

Case study materials on protected industries, charts showing protection policies, newspaper articles on trade policies
Tariff schedules, quota examples, calculators, policy documents showing restriction methods
Policy analysis documents, case studies on protection outcomes, consumer impact studies
EPZ documentation, computers/tablets for e-commerce demonstration, charts showing trade liberalization effects

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 185-187

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Economic Growth and Development Concepts
Characteristics of Under-development
Factors Hindering Development
Political, Social and Economic Institutional Factors
Development Planning Process and Objectives
Need for Development Planning and Benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic growth and economic development. Distinguish between economic growth and development. Explain measurement of economic growth rates. Identify structural changes accompanying economic development.
Define development planning concept and importance. Explain planning process including objective establishment. State government policy objectives for long-term development. Analyze resource identification and allocation in planning.

Q/A session on development indicators; Guided discussion on growth vs development differences; Analysis of Kenya's economic journey; Group work on identifying structural changes.
Guided discussion on planning necessity; Exposition of systematic planning process; Group work on identifying realistic planning objectives; Analysis of Kenya's development planning experience.

Statistical data on economic indicators, charts comparing developed vs developing countries, newspaper economic reports
Statistical data on poverty and unemployment, photos showing infrastructure gaps, case study materials on developing countries
Case studies on development barriers, charts showing technology gaps, brain drain statistics
Governance case studies, cultural practice examples, charts showing institutional frameworks
Kenya's development plan documents, planning process flowcharts, resource allocation examples
Planning success case studies, foreign aid effectiveness reports, project evaluation examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 195-196
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 202-204

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Problems in Development Planning Implementation
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State problems encountered in development planning at formulation stage. Explain implementation challenges including donor dependency. Analyze natural calamities impact on planning. Discuss political will and coordination problems in plan execution.

Exposition of planning challenges at different stages; Case studies on planning failures and successes; Group discussions on realistic vs over-ambitious planning; Analysis of natural disasters impact and political commitment importance.

Case studies on planning challenges, disaster impact reports, examples of successful and failed development projects
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 204-206

REVISION

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master financial calculations and reporting
-Prepare financial
-Interpret and apply financial data to solve problems

- Solve past paper financial questions in groups
-Peer review and teacher marking of solutions

Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master financial calculations and reporting
-Prepare financial
-Interpret and apply financial data to solve problems
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Solve past paper financial questions in groups
-Peer review and teacher marking of solutions
- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop essay-style answers in a structured format
-Organize points logically under subheadings
-Practice time-bound responses

- Brainstorm key points for common topics as guided by the teacher
-Group discussion
-Peer review and teacher marking

Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 2, KLB Bk 1-4