AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Collective Land Tenure System - Communal
Collective Land Tenure System - Co-operative and State

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of communal land tenure system. Describe characteristics of communal land ownership. Give examples of communities practicing communal tenure. Explain problems associated with communal systems.

Brain storming on communal land ownership. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of communal system characteristics. Question and answer on system problems.

Examples of communal land systems. Advantage/disadvantage charts. Community examples (Maasai). Problem identification guides.
Co-operative land examples. State land system charts. Comparison tables. ADC farm examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 142-144

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Fragmentation and Sub-division of Land
Effects of Fragmentation and Sub-division

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land fragmentation and sub-division. State factors contributing to fragmentation. Explain effects of fragmentation on agriculture. Describe inheritance processes.

Discussion on land fragmentation concepts. Exposition of fragmentation factors. Brief discussion on agricultural effects. Question and answer on inheritance.

Fragmentation examples. Factor identification charts. Agricultural impact illustrations. Inheritance process guides.
Fragmented land examples. Management problem charts. Development impact illustrations. Extension service challenges.

KLB BK III Pgs 147-152

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Reform - Meaning and Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land reform and its importance. Outline important objectives of land tenure reform. Explain land reform programmes. Describe integrated programmes for land control.

Exposition of land reform concepts. Discussion on reform objectives. Brief discussion on programme types. Question and answer on land control.

Land reform definition charts. Objective identification guides. Programme type illustrations. Land control examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Consolidation
Land Adjudication and Registration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss land consolidation programmes. State advantages of land consolidation. Describe the consolidation process. Explain benefits of consolidated holdings.

Brain storming on land consolidation benefits. Discussion on consolidation process. Exposition of programme advantages. Brief discussion on consolidated farm benefits.

Land consolidation examples. Process flow charts. Advantage identification guides. Consolidated farm illustrations.
Adjudication process charts. Title deed examples. Registration procedure guides. Farmer benefit illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Settlement and Resettlement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define settlement and resettlement concepts. Outline objectives of land redistribution. Explain development of settlement schemes in Kenya. Describe requirements for success of settlement schemes.

Brain storming on settlement concepts. Discussion on redistribution objectives. Exposition of Kenyan settlement schemes. Brief discussion on success requirements.

Settlement scheme examples. Objective identification charts. Kenya settlement history. Success requirement guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Soil Erosion - Introduction and Factors
Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Splash and Sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define soil erosion and its types. Outline factors influencing soil erosion. Explain the difference between geological and accelerated erosion. State the role of human activities in soil erosion.

Exposition of soil erosion concepts. Discussion on erosion factors. Brain storming on human activities causing erosion. Question and answer on erosion types.

Charts showing soil erosion factors. Pictures of eroded areas. Erosion type illustrations. Factor identification guides.
Raindrop impact diagrams. Sheet erosion illustrations. Splash pattern charts. Erosion process demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 158-167

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Rill and Gully
Wind Erosion and Human Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rill erosion formation. Explain gully erosion development. Identify U-shaped and V-shaped gullies. State processes involved in gully formation.

Brain storming on channel erosion. Discussion on rill to gully progression. Exposition of gully formation processes. Question and answer on gully shapes.

Rill erosion pictures. Gully formation diagrams. U and V-shaped gully illustrations. Channel erosion process charts.
Wind erosion pictures. Dust storm illustrations. Human activity impact charts. Erosion-prone area maps.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Effects of Soil Erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight effects of soil erosion on agriculture. State effects on water bodies and infrastructure. Explain loss of soil micro-organisms. Discuss economic impacts of erosion.

Brain storming on erosion effects. Discussion on agricultural impacts. Exposition of infrastructure damage. Brief discussion on economic losses.

Erosion effect illustrations. Agricultural impact charts. Infrastructure damage pictures. Economic loss examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Riverbank Erosion and Solifluction
Landslides and Mass Wasting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe riverbank erosion causes and effects. Explain solifluction erosion process. State control measures for riverbank erosion. Identify factors influencing mass wasting.

Discussion on riverbank erosion. Exposition of solifluction process. Brief discussion on control measures. Question and answer on mass wasting factors.

Riverbank erosion pictures. Solifluction diagrams. Control measure illustrations. Mass wasting factor charts.
Landslide type illustrations. Mass wasting effect pictures. Cause identification charts. Prevention measure guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 168-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Methods of Soil and Water Conservation - Biological Control
Biological Control - Cropping Systems and Afforestation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of soil and water conservation. Describe grass strips and filter strips. Explain contour farming benefits. State advantages of mulching in conservation.

Discussion on conservation methods. Exposition of biological control measures. Brief discussion on contour farming. Question and answer on mulching benefits.

Conservation method charts. Grass strip illustrations. Contour farming pictures. Mulching demonstration materials.
Cropping system diagrams. Strip cropping illustrations. Tree conservation role charts. Afforestation benefit guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 178-183

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Physical/Structural Control Measures - Trash Lines and Bunds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe trash lines and stone lines. Explain bund construction and uses. State advantages of structural measures. Identify suitable areas for physical control.

Discussion on trash line construction. Exposition of bund building. Brief discussion on structural advantages. Question and answer on suitable areas.

Trash line construction pictures. Bund construction diagrams. Structural measure illustrations. Area suitability guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Physical Control - Cut-off Drains and Terraces
Water Harvesting Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe cut-off drains construction. Identify types of terraces (broad-based, narrow-based, bench, fanya juu). Explain terrace construction procedures. State advantages of different terrace types.

Brain storming on drainage systems. Discussion on terrace types. Exposition of construction procedures. Brief discussion on terrace advantages.

Cut-off drain diagrams. Terrace type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage comparison tables.
Water harvesting method charts. Weir and dam construction diagrams. Roof catchment illustrations. Rock catchment system pictures.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Common Weeds in East Africa
Competitive Ability of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common weeds found in East Africa. State botanical and common names of major weeds. Describe characteristics of different weed species. Explain competitive ability of weeds.

Brain storming on locally found weeds. Discussion on weed characteristics. Exposition of competitive ability factors. Question and answer on weed species.

Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.
Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Harmful Effects of Weeds
More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight harmful effects of weeds on crops. State how weeds reduce crop quality. Explain parasitic effects of weeds. Describe effects on livestock and human health.

Brain storming on weed damage to crops. Discussion on quality reduction effects. Exposition of parasitic weeds (Striga). Brief discussion on health effects.

Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.
Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of weed control. Define herbicides and their uses. Explain different modes of action of herbicides. Describe how herbicides kill weeds.

Brain storming on weed control methods. Discussion on herbicide concepts. Exposition of herbicide action modes. Brief discussion on weed killing mechanisms.

Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 203-204

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of herbicide combinations used in Kenya. State herbicide combinations for different crops. Highlight precautions when using herbicides. Explain safety measures for chemical handling.

Discussion on herbicide combinations for different crops. Exposition of safety precautions. Brief discussion on protective measures. Question and answer on safe handling.

Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.
Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Mechanical Weed Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of tillage as weed control method. Explain disadvantages of mechanical cultivation. Describe slashing and uprooting methods. Compare mechanical methods with chemical control.

Discussion on tillage advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of mechanical methods. Brief discussion on method comparisons. Question and answer on mechanical techniques.

Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 209-210

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control
Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of weed control. Define biological weed control and give examples. Explain legislative methods of weed control. Describe noxious weed laws in Kenya.

Brain storming on cultural control methods. Discussion on biological control examples. Exposition of legislative control. Brief discussion on noxious weed laws.

Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.
Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts

KLB BK III Pgs 210-211

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests
Storage pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with piercing and sucking mouth parts. Give examples of piercing and sucking pests. Describe damage caused by sucking insects. Explain viral disease transmission by sucking insects.

Examining pictures of sucking insects. Discussion on viral disease transmission mechanisms. Chart demonstration of stylet structure and function.

Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops
Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests

KLB BK III Pg 180-182

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define legislative pest control methods and explain quarantine importance. Describe physical pest control methods including heat treatment, flooding, and suffocation. Explain use of electromagnetic radiation and physical barriers. State advantages of physical control methods.

Exposition of legislative control importance. Discussion and demonstration of physical control principles. Brain storming on physical control applications.

Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 187-189

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe land preparation methods for maize. Explain selection and preparation of planting materials. Outline planting procedures including spacing and depth. State factors affecting planting time and spacing.

Discussion on land preparation importance. Demonstration of seed selection. Brain storming on planting factors.

Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals

KLB BK III Pg 200-201

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for finger millet. Identify finger millet varieties grown in Kenya. Describe land preparation and planting methods. Explain advantages of finger millet as a food security crop.

Exposition of finger millet characteristics. Discussion on growing conditions. Examination of finger millet specimens.

Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major pests of sorghum including birds and stem borers. Describe control methods for sorghum pests. Explain diseases affecting sorghum. Outline harvesting and marketing of sorghum.

Discussion on bird pest problems. Examination of pest-damaged sorghum. Brain storming on control strategies.

Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 210-211

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control
Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment
Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum
Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets
Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - tea

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tea harvesting methods and procedures. Explain factors affecting tea quality during harvesting. State the importance of proper plucking in tea. Outline precautions during tea harvesting and transportation.

Demonstration of proper tea plucking. Discussion on quality factors. Brain storming on harvesting intervals.

Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards

KLB BK III Pg 218-219