FORAGE CROPS

Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define forage crops and distinguish between forage and fodder crops. Define pasture and classify pastures according to stand, establishment and ecological zones. Explain the difference between natural and artificial pastures. Give examples of pastures at different altitudes.
Explain fertilizer application at planting time for pastures. Describe legume seed inoculation process and importance. Give examples of rhizobium strains for different legumes. State conditions necessary for effective nitrogen fixation.

Exposition of forage concepts. Discussion on pasture classification. Examination of grass and legume specimens from different zones.
Exposition of fertilizer importance and inoculation process. Demonstration of inoculation procedure. Discussion on nitrogen fixation benefits.

Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices

KLB BK III Pg 218-222
KLB BK III Pg 226-227

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting forage quality including digestibility. Describe effects of early and late defoliation on pastures. Define frequency and intensity of defoliation. State proper grazing intervals for different pastures.

Exposition of forage quality factors. Discussion on defoliation effects and optimal timing. Brain storming on grazing management.

Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods

KLB BK III Pg 230-232

FORAGE CROPS

Napier grass production
Other fodder crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for napier grass. Distinguish between French Cameroon and Bana grass varieties. Describe land preparation and planting procedures. Explain fertilizer application, weed control and defoliation management.

Exposition of napier grass characteristics. Discussion on variety selection and management. Demonstration of planting procedures.

Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties

KLB BK III Pg 237-240

FORAGE CROPS

Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction
Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline establishment and utilization of agroforestry shrubs as fodder. Explain reasons for conserving forage including seasonal feed distribution. State methods of forage conservation. Compare hay, silage and standing forage conservation.
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

Discussion on agroforestry benefits. Exposition of conservation importance. Brain storming on conservation method selection.
Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts
Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 244-245
KLB BK III Pg 245-247

FORAGE CROPS

Silage making and silo types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

FORAGE CROPS

Silage quality and requirements calculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting silage quality and use of additives. Describe silage losses and prevention methods. Calculate silage requirements based on animal dry matter needs. Outline standing forage as alternative conservation method.

Calculation exercises on silage requirements. Discussion on quality factors and additive use. Brain storming on loss prevention strategies.

Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets

KLB BK III Pg 249-250

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions
Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define disease and distinguish between symptoms and signs. Identify observable conditions for detecting disease including pulse rate, temperature, and body condition. Explain disease-causing organisms and predisposing factors. State the role of vectors in disease transmission.
Classify livestock diseases into four major groups. Describe East Coast Fever including animals affected and symptoms. Explain anaplasmosis (gall sickness) symptoms and transmission. State control measures for tick-borne diseases.

Exposition of disease concepts. Discussion on disease symptoms. Brain storming on predisposing factors. Demonstration of animal observation techniques.
Exposition of disease classification. Discussion on protozoan diseases. Examination of tick specimens. Brain storming on tick control methods.

Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams
Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples

KLB BK III Pg 250-251
KLB BK III Pg 252-254

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - mastitis
Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe mastitis as inflammation of mammary glands. Identify predisposing factors for mastitis including age and udder attachment. Explain symptoms of mastitis including milk changes. Outline control and treatment methods for mastitis.

Discussion on mastitis importance. Examination of mastitis symptoms. Demonstration of proper milking techniques. Brain storming on prevention methods.

Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples
Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals

KLB BK III Pg 255-257

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe contagious abortion (brucellosis) as zoonotic disease. Explain symptoms including abortion and retained placenta. Describe scours in young animals and predisposing factors. Outline control measures including vaccination and hygiene.

Discussion on zoonotic diseases. Case study of brucellosis control. Examination of scours symptoms. Brain storming on young animal management.

Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 259-261

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rinderpest as highly contagious notifiable disease. Explain foot and mouth disease transmission and symptoms. Identify animals affected by viral diseases. Outline control measures including vaccination and quarantine.

Discussion on viral disease characteristics. Examination of viral disease symptoms. Brain storming on quarantine importance. Case study of disease outbreaks.

Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 263-265

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.
Describe African swine fever as highly contagious disease of pigs. Explain transmission through direct contact and vectors. Identify symptoms including fever and respiratory distress. Outline control measures including quarantine and culling.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).
Discussion on swine diseases. Case study of African swine fever outbreaks. Brain storming on pig management. Exposition of disease control strategies.

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 265-267
KLB BK III Pg 267-268

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe milk fever as calcium deficiency in dairy cows. Explain symptoms including muscle twitching and paralysis. Describe bloat as gas accumulation in rumen. Outline treatment methods including calcium injection and gas release techniques.

Discussion on nutritional disorders. Demonstration of calcium injection principles. Brain storming on nutritional management. Case study of bloat treatment.

Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 268-270