WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Common Weeds in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common weeds found in East Africa. State botanical and common names of major weeds. Describe characteristics of different weed species. Explain competitive ability of weeds.

Brain storming on locally found weeds. Discussion on weed characteristics. Exposition of competitive ability factors. Question and answer on weed species.

Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Competitive Ability of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors contributing to competitive ability of weeds. Explain weed propagation methods. Describe environmental adaptation of weeds. Discuss weed survival mechanisms.

Discussion on weed competitive factors. Exposition of propagation methods. Brief discussion on environmental adaptation. Question and answer on survival mechanisms.

Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Harmful Effects of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight harmful effects of weeds on crops. State how weeds reduce crop quality. Explain parasitic effects of weeds. Describe effects on livestock and human health.

Brain storming on weed damage to crops. Discussion on quality reduction effects. Exposition of parasitic weeds (Striga). Brief discussion on health effects.

Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State effects of weeds on irrigation and aquatic systems. Explain effects on pasture quality. Describe beneficial effects of weeds. Discuss weeds as sources of food and medicine.

Discussion on aquatic weed problems. Exposition of pasture effects. Brief discussion on weed benefits. Question and answer on food and medicinal uses.

Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of weed control. Define herbicides and their uses. Explain different modes of action of herbicides. Describe how herbicides kill weeds.

Brain storming on weed control methods. Discussion on herbicide concepts. Exposition of herbicide action modes. Brief discussion on weed killing mechanisms.

Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 203-204

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors affecting selectivity of herbicides. Explain factors affecting effectiveness of herbicides. Describe plant characteristics influencing herbicide action. Discuss environmental factors affecting herbicides.

Brain storming on selectivity factors. Discussion on effectiveness factors. Exposition of plant characteristic effects. Brief discussion on environmental influences.

Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of herbicide combinations used in Kenya. State herbicide combinations for different crops. Highlight precautions when using herbicides. Explain safety measures for chemical handling.

Discussion on herbicide combinations for different crops. Exposition of safety precautions. Brief discussion on protective measures. Question and answer on safe handling.

Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of using herbicides. Identify disadvantages of chemical weed control. Compare chemical control with other methods. Discuss environmental concerns of herbicide use.

Brain storming on herbicide advantages. Discussion on chemical control disadvantages. Exposition of method comparisons. Brief discussion on environmental effects.

Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Mechanical Weed Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of tillage as weed control method. Explain disadvantages of mechanical cultivation. Describe slashing and uprooting methods. Compare mechanical methods with chemical control.

Discussion on tillage advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of mechanical methods. Brief discussion on method comparisons. Question and answer on mechanical techniques.

Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 209-210

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of weed control. Define biological weed control and give examples. Explain legislative methods of weed control. Describe noxious weed laws in Kenya.

Brain storming on cultural control methods. Discussion on biological control examples. Exposition of legislative control. Brief discussion on noxious weed laws.

Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.

KLB BK III Pgs 210-211

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a crop pest. State harmful effects of crop pests on crops. Classify pests according to mode of feeding, crops attacked, and development stages. Distinguish between major and minor pests.

Exposition of pest concepts. Discussion on pest effects and classification. Question and answer session on pest types.

Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts

KLB BK III Pg 175-177

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with piercing and sucking mouth parts. Give examples of piercing and sucking pests. Describe damage caused by sucking insects. Explain viral disease transmission by sucking insects.

Examining pictures of sucking insects. Discussion on viral disease transmission mechanisms. Chart demonstration of stylet structure and function.

Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pg 180-182

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods

KLB BK III Pg 186-187

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of pest control including timely planting and harvesting. Explain crop rotation, trap cropping, and field hygiene practices. Describe use of resistant varieties and clean planting materials. State advantages of cultural control methods.

Brain storming on farming practices for pest control. Discussion on cultural control effectiveness. Case studies of successful cultural control examples.

Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment

KLB BK III Pg 189-192

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define biological pest control and explain predator-prey relationships. Give examples of natural enemies of common pests. Define crop disease and state harmful effects. Identify food poisoning effects of crop diseases.

Discussion on natural pest control and predator-prey examples. Exposition of disease concepts and effects. Brain storming on biological control benefits.

Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 195-197

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of viruses as obligate parasites. Identify symptoms of viral infections including chlorosis, mosaics, and rosetting. Explain viral disease transmission by insect vectors. Give examples of common viral diseases affecting crops.

Exposition of viral characteristics. Discussion on viral symptoms and transmission. Examination of virus-infected plant specimens.

Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 203-204

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain chemical control methods including seed dressing, soil fumigation, and spraying. Describe legislative control methods for disease prevention. Discuss integrated disease management approaches. Evaluate effectiveness of different disease control methods.

Discussion on chemical control applications. Exposition of legislative disease control measures. Brain storming on integrated disease management strategies.

Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas

KLB BK III Pg 207-208

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe land preparation methods for maize. Explain selection and preparation of planting materials. Outline planting procedures including spacing and depth. State factors affecting planting time and spacing.

Discussion on land preparation importance. Demonstration of seed selection. Brain storming on planting factors.

Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers

KLB BK III Pg 200-201

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major pests affecting maize including stalk borers and army worms. Describe damage caused by maize pests. Explain control methods for maize pests. State symptoms and control of maize diseases.

Examination of pest-damaged maize specimens. Discussion on pest identification. Brain storming on control methods.

Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields

KLB BK III Pg 202-204

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fertilizer application in finger millet. Explain weed control challenges in finger millet. Identify pests and diseases affecting finger millet. Outline harvesting and storage methods.

Discussion on field management. Brain storming on pest control. Exposition of harvesting methods.

Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major pests of sorghum including birds and stem borers. Describe control methods for sorghum pests. Explain diseases affecting sorghum. Outline harvesting and marketing of sorghum.

Discussion on bird pest problems. Examination of pest-damaged sorghum. Brain storming on control strategies.

Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 210-211

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for rice production. Describe rice irrigation schemes in Kenya. Explain land preparation and water control in rice. State fertilizer application methods in rice production.

Exposition of rice growing conditions. Discussion on irrigation importance. Case study of Mwea rice scheme.

Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 214-215

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - tea

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tea harvesting methods and procedures. Explain factors affecting tea quality during harvesting. State the importance of proper plucking in tea. Outline precautions during tea harvesting and transportation.

Demonstration of proper tea plucking. Discussion on quality factors. Brain storming on harvesting intervals.

Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards

KLB BK III Pg 218-219