INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Introduction, Types and Advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define international trade. Distinguish between bilateral and multilateral trade. State advantages of international trade. Explain how trade promotes specialization and employment.

Q/A session on local trading experiences; Brainstorming on goods Kenya exports/imports; Group discussion on trade advantages with real examples; Analysis of technology transfer cases.

World map, newspapers with trade reports, charts showing Kenya's trading partners, business magazines

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 162-164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Disadvantages of International Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify disadvantages of international trade. Explain how trade can lead to local industry collapse. Analyze imported inflation concept. Discuss cultural and sovereignty impacts.

Guided discussion on negative trade effects; Case study analysis of textile industry challenges; Q/A on dependency problems; Group work on cultural changes due to globalization.

Newspaper cuttings on industry closures, case study materials, charts showing trade impacts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Disadvantages of International Trade
Computing Terms of Trade
Factors Affecting Terms of Trade
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments Concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify disadvantages of international trade. Explain how trade can lead to local industry collapse. Analyze imported inflation concept. Discuss cultural and sovereignty impacts.

Guided discussion on negative trade effects; Case study analysis of textile industry challenges; Q/A on dependency problems; Group work on cultural changes due to globalization.

Newspaper cuttings on industry closures, case study materials, charts showing trade impacts
Calculators, statistical data sheets, worked examples, formula charts
Case study materials, charts comparing different economies, business magazines
Trade statistics, charts showing balance structure, newspapers with economic data

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 164

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Preparing Balance of Payments Accounts
Balance of Payments Disequilibrium
Terms of Sale in International Trade
Credit and Import Documents
Shipping, Insurance and Commercial Documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare balance of payments on current account. Calculate balance of payments on capital account. Determine overall balance of payments. Interpret account balances and official settlement account.
Explain letter of credit functions and types. Describe import licence requirements. Analyze indent procedures (open and closed). Discuss creditworthiness and banking relationships.

Step-by-step account preparation; Worked examples with comprehensive data; Supervised practice exercises; Group problem-solving on complex scenarios.
Examination of actual letters of credit; Discussion on import licensing procedures; Group work on indent preparation; Analysis of banking documentation requirements.

Account worksheets, calculators, worked examples, practice data sets
Policy documents, case study materials, charts showing correction methods
Shipping documents, cost calculation worksheets, practical scenarios, charts
Sample letters of credit, import licence forms, indent examples, banking documents
Bill of lading samples, insurance certificates, invoice examples, document comparison charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 169-171
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 176-177

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Specialized Trade Documents
IMF and World Bank

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe proforma invoice purposes. Explain freight note and weight note functions. Analyze letter of hypothecation uses. Discuss shipping advice note and document flow in trade.

Exposition of specialized documents; Group work on document sequencing; Practical scenarios on document usage; Analysis of complete trade documentation cycle.

Document samples, flow charts, practical scenarios, case studies
Charts showing institutional structures, case study materials, project reports

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 178-179

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

African Development Institutions
Forms and Characteristics of Economic Integration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ADB establishment and functions. Describe ADF objectives and lending terms. Analyze impact on African development. Compare regional vs global financial institutions.

Exposition of regional development banking; Case studies on funded African projects; Discussion on concessional lending terms; Analysis of development impact assessment.

ADB/ADF project reports, development case studies, institutional comparison charts
Maps showing integration blocs, comparison charts, case study materials on regional blocs

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 181

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Importance and Effects of Economic Integration
Reasons and Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trade Liberalization and Export Processing Zones

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of economic integration including market expansion and specialization. Analyze advantages of free trade. Identify disadvantages including revenue loss and unemployment risks. Evaluate overall impact on member countries.
State advantages of trade restrictions for domestic industries. Identify disadvantages including retaliation risks and consumer impacts. Analyze quality and price implications. Evaluate long-term effects on economic efficiency.

Group discussions on integration benefits; Case studies on successful integration examples; Analysis of trade creation vs trade diversion; Balanced assessment of costs and benefits.
Balanced analysis of restriction effects; Case studies on protection outcomes and retaliation; Discussion on consumer welfare impacts; Group evaluation of policy trade-offs.

Integration success stories, policy analysis documents, charts showing trade effects
Case study materials, tariff schedules, quota examples, policy documents, calculators
Policy analysis documents, consumer impact studies, case study materials
EPZ documentation, liberalization case studies, charts showing trade policy evolution

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 184-185
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 187-188

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

E-commerce and Digital Trade
Forms and Importance of Economic Integration
Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain e-commerce applications in international trade. Describe online payment systems and digital transactions. Analyze advantages and challenges of digital trade. Discuss future trends in electronic commerce.

Demonstration of e-commerce platforms; Discussion on digital payment security; Group work on online trade benefits and risks; Analysis of technology impact on trade.

Computer/tablets for demonstration, e-commerce examples, online payment illustrations
Maps showing integration blocs, charts comparing integration forms, newspaper articles on regional cooperation
Case study materials on successful integration, charts showing trade effects, policy analysis documents

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 189

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Reasons for Trade Restrictions
Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for trade restrictions including infant industry protection. Explain strategic industry protection necessity. Discuss employment creation and protection through restrictions. Analyze dumping prevention and balance of trade preservation.

Exposition of protection rationale with practical examples; Case studies on infant industry protection success; Discussion on strategic industries in Kenya; Group work on employment protection policies.

Case study materials on protected industries, charts showing protection policies, newspaper articles on trade policies
Tariff schedules, quota examples, calculators, policy documents showing restriction methods
Policy analysis documents, case studies on protection outcomes, consumer impact studies

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 185-187

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Trends in International Trade
Economic Growth and Development Concepts
Characteristics of Under-development
Factors Hindering Development
Political, Social and Economic Institutional Factors
Development Planning Process and Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze current trends in international trade including liberalization. Explain Export Processing Zones (EPZ) concept, advantages and disadvantages. Discuss e-trade and website applications. Evaluate impact of modern technology on trade patterns.
Explain how political institutions affect development progress. Analyze social institutions and cultural barriers. Discuss economic institutions and market efficiency roles. Evaluate extended family systems and work attitude impacts.

Exposition of contemporary trade trends; Case study analysis of Athi River EPZ; Discussion on liberalization effects; Demonstration of e-commerce applications in trade.
Detailed discussion on institutional roles; Case studies on governance and development correlation; Group analysis of cultural practices affecting development; Q/A on market efficiency and entrepreneurship promotion.

EPZ documentation, computers/tablets for e-commerce demonstration, charts showing trade liberalization effects
Statistical data on economic indicators, charts comparing developed vs developing countries, newspaper economic reports
Statistical data on poverty and unemployment, photos showing infrastructure gaps, case study materials on developing countries
Case studies on development barriers, charts showing technology gaps, brain drain statistics
Governance case studies, cultural practice examples, charts showing institutional frameworks
Kenya's development plan documents, planning process flowcharts, resource allocation examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 188-189
KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 202-203

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Need for Development Planning and Benefits
Problems in Development Planning Implementation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons why development planning is necessary. Explain appropriate resource allocation through planning. Discuss planning role in stimulating national effort. Analyze planning support for foreign aid acquisition and project evaluation.

Group discussions on planning benefits; Case studies on successful planning outcomes; Analysis of foreign aid effectiveness with proper planning; Q/A on project evaluation importance and duplication avoidance.

Planning success case studies, foreign aid effectiveness reports, project evaluation examples
Case studies on planning challenges, disaster impact reports, examples of successful and failed development projects

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 203-204

REVISION

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Financial Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4