CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Definition and classification of crop pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a crop pest. State harmful effects of crop pests on crops. Classify pests according to mode of feeding, crops attacked, and development stages. Distinguish between major and minor pests.

Exposition of pest concepts. Discussion on pest effects and classification. Question and answer session on pest types.

Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage

KLB BK III Pg 175-177

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with biting and chewing mouth parts. Give examples of biting and chewing pests. Describe damage caused by biting insects. Draw and label mouth parts of a locust.

Examining pictures of biting insects. Drawing and labeling locust mouth parts. Discussion on damage patterns to different plant parts.

Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table

KLB BK III Pg 177-180

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Other field pests
Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of mites and nematodes as crop pests. Identify common rodent and bird pests affecting crops. Explain damage caused by these pests to field crops. Describe large animal pests including domestic and wild animals.
Identify cultural methods of pest control including timely planting and harvesting. Explain crop rotation, trap cropping, and field hygiene practices. Describe use of resistant varieties and clean planting materials. State advantages of cultural control methods.

Brain storming on microscopic and large pests. Discussion on rodent and bird identification. Examination of pictures showing various pest damage symptoms.
Brain storming on farming practices for pest control. Discussion on cultural control effectiveness. Case studies of successful cultural control examples.

Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops
Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment

KLB BK III Pg 182-186
KLB BK III Pg 189-192

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define biological pest control and explain predator-prey relationships. Give examples of natural enemies of common pests. Define crop disease and state harmful effects. Identify food poisoning effects of crop diseases.

Discussion on natural pest control and predator-prey examples. Exposition of disease concepts and effects. Brain storming on biological control benefits.

Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 195-197

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases
Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops
Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of viruses as obligate parasites. Identify symptoms of viral infections including chlorosis, mosaics, and rosetting. Explain viral disease transmission by insect vectors. Give examples of common viral diseases affecting crops.
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Exposition of viral characteristics. Discussion on viral symptoms and transmission. Examination of virus-infected plant specimens.
Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples
Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 203-204
KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain chemical control methods including seed dressing, soil fumigation, and spraying. Describe legislative control methods for disease prevention. Discuss integrated disease management approaches. Evaluate effectiveness of different disease control methods.

Discussion on chemical control applications. Exposition of legislative disease control measures. Brain storming on integrated disease management strategies.

Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas

KLB BK III Pg 207-208

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe land preparation methods for maize. Explain selection and preparation of planting materials. Outline planting procedures including spacing and depth. State factors affecting planting time and spacing.
Outline ecological requirements for finger millet. Identify finger millet varieties grown in Kenya. Describe land preparation and planting methods. Explain advantages of finger millet as a food security crop.

Discussion on land preparation importance. Demonstration of seed selection. Brain storming on planting factors.
Exposition of finger millet characteristics. Discussion on growing conditions. Examination of finger millet specimens.

Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease

KLB BK III Pg 200-201
KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare ecological requirements of bulrush millet and sorghum. Identify varieties of bulrush millet and sorghum. Describe land preparation for these crops. Explain advantages of growing drought-resistant crops.

Comparative discussion on crop requirements. Examination of millet and sorghum specimens. Brain storming on drought tolerance.

Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 207-210

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Rice production
Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for rice production. Describe rice irrigation schemes in Kenya. Explain land preparation and water control in rice. State fertilizer application methods in rice production.
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Exposition of rice growing conditions. Discussion on irrigation importance. Case study of Mwea rice scheme.
Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment
Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 214-215
KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
FORAGE CROPS
FORAGE CROPS

Harvesting of industrial crops - tea
Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tea harvesting methods and procedures. Explain factors affecting tea quality during harvesting. State the importance of proper plucking in tea. Outline precautions during tea harvesting and transportation.

Demonstration of proper tea plucking. Discussion on quality factors. Brain storming on harvesting intervals.

Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards
Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods

KLB BK III Pg 218-219

FORAGE CROPS

Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain fertilizer application at planting time for pastures. Describe legume seed inoculation process and importance. Give examples of rhizobium strains for different legumes. State conditions necessary for effective nitrogen fixation.
Explain factors affecting forage quality including digestibility. Describe effects of early and late defoliation on pastures. Define frequency and intensity of defoliation. State proper grazing intervals for different pastures.

Exposition of fertilizer importance and inoculation process. Demonstration of inoculation procedure. Discussion on nitrogen fixation benefits.
Exposition of forage quality factors. Discussion on defoliation effects and optimal timing. Brain storming on grazing management.

Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools

KLB BK III Pg 226-227
KLB BK III Pg 230-232

FORAGE CROPS

Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ecological requirements for Guatemala grass and mangolds. Describe characteristics and management of Kenya white clover. Outline establishment and utilization of lucerne and desmodium varieties. State advantages of leguminous fodder crops.

Discussion on fodder crop selection. Examination of various fodder crop specimens. Brain storming on nitrogen fixation benefits.

Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 240-244

FORAGE CROPS

Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 245-247

FORAGE CROPS
FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.
Explain factors affecting silage quality and use of additives. Describe silage losses and prevention methods. Calculate silage requirements based on animal dry matter needs. Outline standing forage as alternative conservation method.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.
Calculation exercises on silage requirements. Discussion on quality factors and additive use. Brain storming on loss prevention strategies.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 247-249
KLB BK III Pg 249-250

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - mastitis
Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe mastitis as inflammation of mammary glands. Identify predisposing factors for mastitis including age and udder attachment. Explain symptoms of mastitis including milk changes. Outline control and treatment methods for mastitis.

Discussion on mastitis importance. Examination of mastitis symptoms. Demonstration of proper milking techniques. Brain storming on prevention methods.

Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples
Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals

KLB BK III Pg 255-257

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease
Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe contagious abortion (brucellosis) as zoonotic disease. Explain symptoms including abortion and retained placenta. Describe scours in young animals and predisposing factors. Outline control measures including vaccination and hygiene.
Describe rinderpest as highly contagious notifiable disease. Explain foot and mouth disease transmission and symptoms. Identify animals affected by viral diseases. Outline control measures including vaccination and quarantine.

Discussion on zoonotic diseases. Case study of brucellosis control. Examination of scours symptoms. Brain storming on young animal management.
Discussion on viral disease characteristics. Examination of viral disease symptoms. Brain storming on quarantine importance. Case study of disease outbreaks.

Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records
Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment

KLB BK III Pg 259-261
KLB BK III Pg 263-265

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe African swine fever as highly contagious disease of pigs. Explain transmission through direct contact and vectors. Identify symptoms including fever and respiratory distress. Outline control measures including quarantine and culling.

Discussion on swine diseases. Case study of African swine fever outbreaks. Brain storming on pig management. Exposition of disease control strategies.

Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 267-268