LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Dipping, Spraying and Dusting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for dipping, spraying and dusting. Identify equipment used for each method. Compare advantages of different methods. Explain proper application procedures.

Discussion with questioning on parasite control. Brief discussion on equipment types. Exposition of application methods. Question and answer session.

Cattle dip pictures. Spraying equipment pictures. Dusting equipment pictures. Parasite control charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 38-40

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Breeding-related Practices
Identification of Livestock - Branding and Ear Tagging
Identification Methods - Ear Notching and Tattooing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify practices related to breeding. Explain crutching and ringing procedures. Describe tupping and serving ratios. Define raddling and its importance.

Exposition of breeding practices. Brief discussion on wool cutting procedures. Discussion on mating ratios. Probing questions on identification methods.

Breeding practice charts. Wool shears pictures. Breeding ratio tables. Raddling demonstration materials.
Branding equipment pictures. Ear tagging tools pictures. Identification charts. Before and after pictures.
Ear notching charts. Tattooing equipment pictures. Method comparison tables. Animal suitability guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 40-41

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Debeaking, Tooth Clipping and Culling
Dehorning Methods
Castration and Caponisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for debeaking and tooth clipping. Describe procedures for each practice. Give reasons for culling animals. Cite basis of culling animals.

Question and answer on poultry management. Brief discussion on piglet management. Brainstorming on culling importance. Exposition of culling criteria.

Debeaking tools pictures. Tooth clipping equipment. Culling criteria charts. Good vs poor producer comparisons.
Dehorning tools pictures. Method demonstration charts. Safety equipment pictures. Procedure step charts.
Castration tools pictures. Method comparison charts. Surgical equipment pictures. Hormone treatment information.

KLB BK III Pgs 45-46

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Management During Parturition
Bee Keeping - Importance and Bee Colony
Types of Hives and Stocking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline management practices during parturition. Identify signs of farrowing in different animals. Describe drift and pen lambing. Explain preparation for kidding and calving.

Brainstorming on parturition management. Exposition of management practices. Detailed discussion on different species. Question and answer session.

Parturition management charts. Species-specific guides. Preparation checklists. Management protocol sheets.
Different types of bees pictures. Life cycle charts. Apiary location guides. Bee colony structure diagrams.
Different hive types pictures. Stocking equipment pictures. Hive comparison charts. Procedure demonstration materials.

KLB BK III Pgs 52-56

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Bee Management and Honey Harvesting
Fish Farming - Importance and Requirements
Fish Pond Management - Stocking, Feeding and Harvesting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for feeding bees. Identify pests and diseases affecting bees. Cite reasons for swarming of bees. Describe honey harvesting process and equipment.

Discussion on bee feeding importance. Brief discussion on pest control. Exposition of swarming causes. Detailed discussion on harvesting procedures.

Bee feeding equipment pictures. Pest identification charts. Honey harvesting tools pictures. Processing equipment demonstrations.
Fish pond pictures. Site requirement charts. Construction procedure diagrams. Soil testing equipment pictures.
Fish stocking pictures. Feeding equipment pictures. Harvesting nets pictures. Preservation method charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 66-72

FARM STRUCTURES

Planning and Siting Farm Structures
Types of Construction Materials
Construction Materials - Stones, Concrete and Mud Blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors considered when planning farm structures. State factors considered when siting farm structures. Describe site preparation procedures. Discuss relationship between structures.

Brain storming on farm structure importance. Discussion on planning factors. Exposition of siting factors. Question and answer on site preparation.

Charts on farm structures. Planning factor lists. Site requirement guides. Pictures of different farm structures.
Samples of construction materials. Material comparison charts. Property demonstration materials. Cost comparison tables.
Stone samples. Concrete block examples. Mud block samples. Ratio calculation charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 83-84

FARM STRUCTURES

Construction Materials - Metals, Timber and Treatment
Parts of a Building - Foundation
Parts of a Building - Walls and Roof

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of metals used in construction. Describe timber treatment methods. Explain chemical treatment procedures. State advantages of treated materials.

Discussion on metal types and uses. Exposition of timber treatment methods. Brief discussion on chemical treatment. Question and answer on treatment benefits.

Metal construction samples. Timber treatment charts. Chemical treatment procedure guides. Before and after treatment examples.
Foundation diagrams. Construction procedure charts. Foundation material samples. Cross-section illustrations.
Wall construction diagrams. Roof structure charts. Building component illustrations. Construction tool pictures.

KLB BK III Pgs 84-88

FARM STRUCTURES

Livestock Structures - Crushes
Livestock Structures - Plunge Dips
Livestock Structures - Machakos Dips and Spray Race

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of livestock structures. State uses of crushes in livestock management. Describe crush construction requirements. Explain siting factors for crushes.

Brain storming on livestock structure uses. Discussion on crush importance. Exposition of construction requirements. Brief discussion on maintenance needs.

Crush design diagrams. Livestock management charts. Construction material lists. Maintenance procedure guides.
Plunge dip diagrams. Component identification charts. Material requirement lists. Maintenance schedule examples.
Dip comparison charts. Spray race diagrams. Component identification guides. Operational procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 94-99

FARM STRUCTURES

Livestock Structures - Dairy Sheds and Zero Grazing Units
Livestock Structures - Calf Pens
Poultry Houses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of milking shed. Describe zero grazing unit components. State structural requirements for dairy facilities. Explain maintenance needs for dairy structures.

Brain storming on dairy facility needs. Discussion on structural components. Exposition of maintenance requirements. Brief discussion on facility design.

Dairy shed layout diagrams. Zero grazing unit charts. Component identification guides. Maintenance requirement lists.
Calf pen design diagrams. Structural requirement charts. Design variation illustrations. Maintenance procedure guides.
Poultry house design charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists. Ventilation system diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 104-105

FARM STRUCTURES

Piggery Units and Rabbitry
Fish Ponds and Bee Hives
Farm Stores and Silos

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of piggery unit. Describe structural requirements for pig housing. Explain rabbit housing systems. State construction materials for small livestock housing.

Discussion on pig housing components. Exposition of structural requirements. Brief discussion on rabbit housing systems. Question and answer on construction materials.

Piggery layout diagrams. Rabbit housing charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists.
Fish pond construction diagrams. Bee hive design charts. Construction procedure guides. Material requirement lists.
Storage structure diagrams. Silo construction charts. Structural requirement guides. Maintenance procedure lists.

KLB BK III Pgs 106-110

FARM STRUCTURES

Fences - Types and Construction
Wire Fences and Live Fences
Green Houses and Nursery Structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of fences in the farm. Identify types of fences. Compare advantages and disadvantages of different fence types. Describe fence construction procedures.

Brain storming on fence importance. Discussion on fence types. Exposition of construction procedures. Brief discussion on fence selection criteria.

Fence type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage/disadvantage comparison tables. Material requirement guides.
Wire fence construction diagrams. Live fence examples. Maintenance requirement charts. Fence comparison tables.
Green house design diagrams. Nursery structure charts. Construction material lists. Siting factor guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 124-130

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Meaning of Land Tenure
Collective Land Tenure System - Communal
Collective Land Tenure System - Co-operative and State

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term land tenure. Explain the concept of tenure security. Distinguish between customary and written laws. Identify factors influencing land tenure systems.

Exposition of new concepts on land tenure. Discussion on tenure security importance. Probing questions on land laws. Brief discussion on land rights.

Charts on land tenure concepts. Student textbooks. Land tenure system diagrams. Tenure security illustrations.
Examples of communal land systems. Advantage/disadvantage charts. Community examples (Maasai). Problem identification guides.
Co-operative land examples. State land system charts. Comparison tables. ADC farm examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 140-142

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Individual Tenure System - Owner-operator
Individual Tenure System - Landlordism and Tenancy
Individual Tenure System - Concession/Company

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of individual owner-operator. Describe characteristics of individual ownership. Explain freedom in production planning. Discuss tenure security benefits.

Brain storming on individual land ownership. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of ownership characteristics. Question and answer on production freedom.

Individual land ownership examples. Title deed samples. Production planning charts. Security benefit illustrations.
Lease agreement examples. Landlord-tenant relationship charts. Rent payment systems. Leasehold land examples.
Company land examples. Estate system charts. Plantation examples (Delmonte). Government agreement illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 144-147

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Fragmentation and Sub-division of Land
Effects of Fragmentation and Sub-division
Land Reform - Meaning and Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land fragmentation and sub-division. State factors contributing to fragmentation. Explain effects of fragmentation on agriculture. Describe inheritance processes.

Discussion on land fragmentation concepts. Exposition of fragmentation factors. Brief discussion on agricultural effects. Question and answer on inheritance.

Fragmentation examples. Factor identification charts. Agricultural impact illustrations. Inheritance process guides.
Fragmented land examples. Management problem charts. Development impact illustrations. Extension service challenges.
Land reform definition charts. Objective identification guides. Programme type illustrations. Land control examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 147-152

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Consolidation
Land Adjudication and Registration
Settlement and Resettlement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss land consolidation programmes. State advantages of land consolidation. Describe the consolidation process. Explain benefits of consolidated holdings.

Brain storming on land consolidation benefits. Discussion on consolidation process. Exposition of programme advantages. Brief discussion on consolidated farm benefits.

Land consolidation examples. Process flow charts. Advantage identification guides. Consolidated farm illustrations.
Adjudication process charts. Title deed examples. Registration procedure guides. Farmer benefit illustrations.
Settlement scheme examples. Objective identification charts. Kenya settlement history. Success requirement guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Soil Erosion - Introduction and Factors
Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Splash and Sheet
Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Rill and Gully

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define soil erosion and its types. Outline factors influencing soil erosion. Explain the difference between geological and accelerated erosion. State the role of human activities in soil erosion.

Exposition of soil erosion concepts. Discussion on erosion factors. Brain storming on human activities causing erosion. Question and answer on erosion types.

Charts showing soil erosion factors. Pictures of eroded areas. Erosion type illustrations. Factor identification guides.
Raindrop impact diagrams. Sheet erosion illustrations. Splash pattern charts. Erosion process demonstrations.
Rill erosion pictures. Gully formation diagrams. U and V-shaped gully illustrations. Channel erosion process charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 158-167

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Wind Erosion and Human Activities
Effects of Soil Erosion
Riverbank Erosion and Solifluction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soil erosion by wind. Explain factors affecting wind erosion. State effects of human activities on soil erosion. Identify areas prone to wind erosion.

Discussion on wind erosion process. Exposition of wind erosion factors. Brief discussion on human impact. Question and answer on susceptible areas.

Wind erosion pictures. Dust storm illustrations. Human activity impact charts. Erosion-prone area maps.
Erosion effect illustrations. Agricultural impact charts. Infrastructure damage pictures. Economic loss examples.
Riverbank erosion pictures. Solifluction diagrams. Control measure illustrations. Mass wasting factor charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Landslides and Mass Wasting
Methods of Soil and Water Conservation - Biological Control
Biological Control - Cropping Systems and Afforestation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of landslides (slump, debris slide, rock fall). State effects of mass wasting. Explain causes of landslides. Describe prevention measures for mass movements.

Brain storming on landslide types. Discussion on mass wasting effects. Exposition of landslide causes. Brief discussion on prevention measures.

Landslide type illustrations. Mass wasting effect pictures. Cause identification charts. Prevention measure guides.
Conservation method charts. Grass strip illustrations. Contour farming pictures. Mulching demonstration materials.
Cropping system diagrams. Strip cropping illustrations. Tree conservation role charts. Afforestation benefit guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 178-183

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Physical/Structural Control Measures - Trash Lines and Bunds
Physical Control - Cut-off Drains and Terraces
Water Harvesting Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe trash lines and stone lines. Explain bund construction and uses. State advantages of structural measures. Identify suitable areas for physical control.

Discussion on trash line construction. Exposition of bund building. Brief discussion on structural advantages. Question and answer on suitable areas.

Trash line construction pictures. Bund construction diagrams. Structural measure illustrations. Area suitability guides.
Cut-off drain diagrams. Terrace type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage comparison tables.
Water harvesting method charts. Weir and dam construction diagrams. Roof catchment illustrations. Rock catchment system pictures.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification
Common Weeds in East Africa
Competitive Ability of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.
Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.
Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Harmful Effects of Weeds
More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds
Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight harmful effects of weeds on crops. State how weeds reduce crop quality. Explain parasitic effects of weeds. Describe effects on livestock and human health.

Brain storming on weed damage to crops. Discussion on quality reduction effects. Exposition of parasitic weeds (Striga). Brief discussion on health effects.

Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.
Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.
Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides
Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.
Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control
Mechanical Weed Control
Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of using herbicides. Identify disadvantages of chemical weed control. Compare chemical control with other methods. Discuss environmental concerns of herbicide use.

Brain storming on herbicide advantages. Discussion on chemical control disadvantages. Exposition of method comparisons. Brief discussion on environmental effects.

Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.
Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.
Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests
Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a crop pest. State harmful effects of crop pests on crops. Classify pests according to mode of feeding, crops attacked, and development stages. Distinguish between major and minor pests.

Exposition of pest concepts. Discussion on pest effects and classification. Question and answer session on pest types.

Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops
Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods

KLB BK III Pg 175-177

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction
Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of pest control including timely planting and harvesting. Explain crop rotation, trap cropping, and field hygiene practices. Describe use of resistant varieties and clean planting materials. State advantages of cultural control methods.

Brain storming on farming practices for pest control. Discussion on cultural control effectiveness. Case studies of successful cultural control examples.

Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples
Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 189-192

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders
Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples
Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms
Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts

KLB BK III Pg 201-203