CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Chemical pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify pesticides according to formulation, target pests, and mode of action. Explain factors affecting pesticide efficiency including concentration and timing. State advantages and disadvantages of chemical control. Define integrated pest management.

Exposition of pesticide classification. Discussion on application factors. Brain storming on pesticide advantages and disadvantages.

Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment

KLB BK III Pg 192-195

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define biological pest control and explain predator-prey relationships. Give examples of natural enemies of common pests. Define crop disease and state harmful effects. Identify food poisoning effects of crop diseases.

Discussion on natural pest control and predator-prey examples. Exposition of disease concepts and effects. Brain storming on biological control benefits.

Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 195-197

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases
Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops
Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of viruses as obligate parasites. Identify symptoms of viral infections including chlorosis, mosaics, and rosetting. Explain viral disease transmission by insect vectors. Give examples of common viral diseases affecting crops.

Exposition of viral characteristics. Discussion on viral symptoms and transmission. Examination of virus-infected plant specimens.

Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 203-204

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - ecological requirements and varieties
Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for maize production. Identify different maize varieties grown in Kenya. Distinguish between hybrids and composites. Explain adaptation of varieties to specific ecological zones.

Exposition of maize growing conditions. Discussion on variety selection. Examination of different maize varieties.

Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas
Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers

KLB BK III Pg 198-200

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major pests affecting maize including stalk borers and army worms. Describe damage caused by maize pests. Explain control methods for maize pests. State symptoms and control of maize diseases.

Examination of pest-damaged maize specimens. Discussion on pest identification. Brain storming on control methods.

Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields

KLB BK III Pg 202-204

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fertilizer application in finger millet. Explain weed control challenges in finger millet. Identify pests and diseases affecting finger millet. Outline harvesting and storage methods.

Discussion on field management. Brain storming on pest control. Exposition of harvesting methods.

Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for beans production. Identify bean varieties including dry beans and French beans. Describe land preparation and planting methods for beans. Explain importance of beans as protein source.

Exposition of bean growing conditions. Discussion on variety selection. Examination of different bean varieties.

Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements

KLB BK III Pg 211-212

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans - field operations and pest control
Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe field operations in beans including weeding and irrigation. Identify pests and diseases affecting beans. Explain control methods for bean diseases including halo blight and anthracnose. Outline harvesting methods for dry and green beans.

Discussion on field management. Case study of bean diseases. Brain storming on disease control.

Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment
Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 212-214

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
FORAGE CROPS
FORAGE CROPS

Harvesting of industrial crops - tea
Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tea harvesting methods and procedures. Explain factors affecting tea quality during harvesting. State the importance of proper plucking in tea. Outline precautions during tea harvesting and transportation.

Demonstration of proper tea plucking. Discussion on quality factors. Brain storming on harvesting intervals.

Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards
Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods

KLB BK III Pg 218-219

FORAGE CROPS

Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain fertilizer application at planting time for pastures. Describe legume seed inoculation process and importance. Give examples of rhizobium strains for different legumes. State conditions necessary for effective nitrogen fixation.

Exposition of fertilizer importance and inoculation process. Demonstration of inoculation procedure. Discussion on nitrogen fixation benefits.

Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules

KLB BK III Pg 226-227

FORAGE CROPS

Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define carrying capacity and stocking rate. Calculate carrying capacity based on animal requirements. Compare rotational and continuous grazing systems. Explain paddocking, strip grazing, tethering and zero grazing methods.

Calculation exercises on stocking rates. Discussion on grazing system selection. Examination of grazing system diagrams.

Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools

KLB BK III Pg 232-237

FORAGE CROPS

Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ecological requirements for Guatemala grass and mangolds. Describe characteristics and management of Kenya white clover. Outline establishment and utilization of lucerne and desmodium varieties. State advantages of leguminous fodder crops.

Discussion on fodder crop selection. Examination of various fodder crop specimens. Brain storming on nitrogen fixation benefits.

Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 240-244

FORAGE CROPS

Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 245-247

FORAGE CROPS

Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions
Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define disease and distinguish between symptoms and signs. Identify observable conditions for detecting disease including pulse rate, temperature, and body condition. Explain disease-causing organisms and predisposing factors. State the role of vectors in disease transmission.

Exposition of disease concepts. Discussion on disease symptoms. Brain storming on predisposing factors. Demonstration of animal observation techniques.

Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams
Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution

KLB BK III Pg 250-251

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe coccidiosis in young animals including symptoms and control. Explain trypanosomiasis (nagana) transmission by tsetse flies. Identify symptoms of trypanosomiasis in different animals. Outline control measures for vector-borne diseases.

Discussion on young animal diseases. Case study of trypanosomiasis control. Examination of disease symptoms pictures. Brain storming on vector control.

Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 254-255

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 257-259

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease
Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rinderpest as highly contagious notifiable disease. Explain foot and mouth disease transmission and symptoms. Identify animals affected by viral diseases. Outline control measures including vaccination and quarantine.

Discussion on viral disease characteristics. Examination of viral disease symptoms. Brain storming on quarantine importance. Case study of disease outbreaks.

Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records
Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment

KLB BK III Pg 263-265

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe African swine fever as highly contagious disease of pigs. Explain transmission through direct contact and vectors. Identify symptoms including fever and respiratory distress. Outline control measures including quarantine and culling.

Discussion on swine diseases. Case study of African swine fever outbreaks. Brain storming on pig management. Exposition of disease control strategies.

Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 267-268