SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Introduction and Cash Receipts
Invoice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define source documents; Explain importance of source documents; Describe features of cash receipts; Distinguish between cash and cheque payments

Q/A on business transactions; Discussion on documentary evidence; Examination of cash receipt samples; Practical exercise filling cash receipts

Sample receipts, cash register examples, receipt books
Sample invoices, calculators, discount calculation worksheets

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 1-3

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit Note and Credit Note
Payment Voucher and Introduction to Books of Original Entry
Sales Journal
Posting from Sales Journal
Sales Returns Journal and Posting
Purchases Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define debit note and credit note; Explain purposes of each document; Distinguish between debit and credit notes; Identify when each is used

Examination of sample notes; Comparison exercise between debit and credit notes; Role-play scenarios for issuing notes; Discussion on correction purposes

Sample debit notes, credit notes (red colored), comparison charts
Payment vouchers, petty cash vouchers, chart of all books of original entry
Sales invoices, sales journal format, sample credit sales transactions
Sales journal, sales ledger accounts, general ledger format, posting examples
Credit notes issued, sales returns journal format, ledger accounts
Purchase invoices, purchases journal format, sample credit purchase transactions

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 4-5

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Purchases Journal
Purchases Returns Journal and Posting
Cash Receipts Journal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post individual amounts to creditors accounts; Post total to purchases account; Complete double entry from purchases journal; Use ledger folio references

Demonstration of posting to purchases ledger; Posting total to general ledger; Practical posting exercise; Review of double entry concept

Purchases journal, purchases ledger, general ledger accounts
Credit notes received, purchases returns journal format, ledger accounts
Cash receipts journal format, sample receipts, cash sales data

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 14-16

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from Cash Receipts Journal
Cash Payments Journal and Posting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post totals to cash book and bank account; Post individual amounts to relevant accounts; Post discount totals to general ledger; Complete double entry

Demonstration of posting procedure; Practical exercise posting to cash book and ledgers; Discussion on relationship with cash book

Cash receipts journal, cash book format, general ledger accounts
Cash payments journal format, payment vouchers, receipts, ledger accounts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 19-22

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The Petty Cash Book - Imprest System
Petty Cash Book Preparation and Analysis
Posting from Petty Cash Book

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain petty cash concept; Define and apply imprest system; Identify features of petty cash book; Understand petty cashier responsibilities

Discussion on petty cash concept; Introduction to imprest system; Examination of petty cash book format; Explanation of reimbursement process

Petty cash book format, sample petty cash vouchers, imprest system examples
Petty cash transactions, analysis cash book format, calculator, petty cash vouchers
Petty cash book, general ledger accounts, purchases ledger

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Page 25

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Analysis Cash Book
General Journal - Introduction and Fixed Assets
General Journal - Opening Entries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in analysis cash book; Use analysis columns for receipts and payments; Apply to non-profit organizations; Post analysis totals

Preparation of analysis cash book for organizations; Discussion on analysis column selection; Practical exercise for football club; Posting totals to accounts

Analysis cash book format, sample transactions for club/society, ledger accounts
General journal format, fixed asset transaction examples, calculator for gains/losses
Opening balance data, general journal format, calculator

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 31-35

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General Journal - Closing Entries and Error Corrections
Importance of Journals
Introduction and Trading Period Concept

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record closing entries and transfers; Correct errors through journal entries; Record miscellaneous transactions; Understand when to use general journal

Practice with closing entries; Error correction exercises; Discussion on transfer entries; Review of general journal applications

Sample closing entries, error correction scenarios, transfer examples
Discussion prompts, case study materials, summary charts
Charts showing different accounting periods, sample financial statements

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 39-40

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Determination of Profit or Loss
Cost of Goods Sold Calculations
Complex Profit and Loss Calculations
Introduction to Trading Account
Trading Account Preparation - Basic
Trading Account with Adjustments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define gross profit and gross loss; Calculate gross profit using basic formula; Explain the relationship between selling price and cost; Understand returns and carriage concepts

Step-by-step calculation of gross profit; Practical exercises with simple examples; Discussion on Mrs Matendo's example; Introduction to adjustments needed

Calculators, simple profit calculation worksheets, examples from textbook
Calculators, cost of goods sold worksheets, stock calculation examples
Advanced calculation worksheets, complex business scenarios, group work materials
Trading account format sheets, demonstration materials, simple examples
Trading account formats, practical examples, balancing demonstrations
Comprehensive trading account formats, advanced examples, adjustment worksheets

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 54-56

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance and Applications of Trading Account
Net Profit and Net Loss Concepts
Revenue and Expense Classification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of trading account; Identify management uses; Compare business performance; Analyze gross profit trends

Discussion on trading account benefits; Case studies on business decision making; Analysis of gross profit variations; Group presentations on importance

Case study materials, performance comparison charts, presentation guidelines
Net profit calculation sheets, revenue and expense examples, comparison charts
Classification worksheets, trial balance examples, group exercise materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 58-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and Loss Account Preparation
Profit and Loss Account from Trial Balance
Combined Trading and Profit & Loss Account

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit and loss accounts; Transfer gross profit correctly; Include all revenues and expenses; Balance the account properly

Step-by-step preparation using Tabitha Akinyi's data; Demonstration of proper format; Practice with Salim's example; Individual preparation exercises

Profit and loss account formats, demonstration materials, practice examples
Trial balance examples, extraction worksheets, complex scenarios
Complete final account formats, comprehensive examples, practice materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 62-63

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance of Profit and Loss Account
Balance Sheet Introduction
Balance Sheet Preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance to various stakeholders; Understand management uses; Identify creditor and investor interests; Analyze decision-making applications

Discussion on stakeholder needs; Case studies on business decisions; Role-play exercise with different stakeholders; Analysis of real business scenarios

Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, role-play guidelines
Balance sheet formats, accounting equation demonstrations, basic examples
Balance sheet preparation sheets, adjustment examples, balancing demonstrations

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 61-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Types of Capital
Capital Calculations and Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define different types of capital; Distinguish between owned and borrowed capital; Calculate working capital; Understand capital employed concept

Detailed explanation of capital types; Calculations using Upinde Traders example; Practical exercises on capital calculations; Group work on capital concepts

Capital calculation worksheets, Upinde Traders example, calculation exercises
Advanced calculation sheets, multiple scenarios, problem-solving materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 67-69

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Introduction to Financial Ratios
Mark-up Calculations and Applications
Margin Concept and Calculations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define financial ratios; Explain importance of ratios; Introduce mark-up concept; Calculate basic mark-up

Introduction to ratio analysis; Explanation of mark-up concept; Basic mark-up calculations; Discussion on pricing strategies

Ratio calculation sheets, mark-up examples, pricing strategy materials
Mark-up calculation worksheets, Kiambu Traders example, pricing problems
Margin calculation sheets, comparison charts, Waithera's example

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 69-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Relationship Between Mark-up and Margin
Trading Account Preparation Using Ratios
Current Ratio and Working Capital Ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Understand mathematical relationship; Convert between mark-up and margin; Apply conversion formulas; Solve complex problems

Detailed explanation of relationship; Mathematical conversion methods; Practice with conversion exercises; Problem-solving applications

Conversion formula sheets, mathematical examples, complex problems
Trading account formats, incomplete record examples, complex scenarios
Ratio calculation sheets, Busia Traders example, interpretation guides

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 74-75

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Rate of Stock Turnover
Stock Turnover Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define stock turnover; Calculate rate of stock turnover; Interpret turnover results; Apply in trading account preparation

Explanation of stock turnover concept; Calculations using Upendo Traders; Practical applications; Using turnover for incomplete records

Stock turnover worksheets, Upendo Traders example, practical applications
Advanced application sheets, Maendeleo Traders example, complex scenarios

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Return on Capital
Acid Test and Quick Ratio
Importance of Financial Ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define return on capital; Calculate return on capital; Interpret results for decision making; Compare business performance

Introduction to profitability ratios; Calculations using Mr Odiek's example; Performance comparison methods; Investment decision applications

Return calculation sheets, Mr Odiek's example, comparison materials
Quick ratio worksheets, Nakura Stores example, liquidity analysis materials
Stakeholder analysis sheets, case study materials, presentation guidelines

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 78-79

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction, Barter Trade and its Limitations
Money System and Characteristics of Money
Functions of Money
Demand for Money and Supply of Money
Banking System and Development of Banking
Commercial Banks and Their Services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define money and banking. Explain barter trade concept. Outline merits and limitations of barter trade. Explain double coincidence of wants problem.

Brainstorming on money concepts. Role-play of barter trade scenarios. Group discussions on barter trade problems. Case study analysis of failed exchanges. Problem-solving on exchange challenges.

Real exchange items, Problem scenario cards, Case study materials, Charts
Different currencies, Genuine and sample notes, Magnifying glass, Regional currency samples
Goods for trading, Price tags, Recording sheets, Savings scenarios, Property document samples
Budget sheets, Emergency scenarios, Investment charts, Money supply statistics, Central Bank reports
Banking system charts, Historical timeline materials, Bank category lists, Banking evolution charts
Mock bank materials, Deposit slips, Transfer forms, Safety boxes, Play money, Standing order cards

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 91-93

MONEY & BANKING

Commercial Bank Services and Foreign Exchange
Types of Bank Accounts - Current and Savings
Fixed Deposit Accounts and Account Opening Requirements
Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain foreign exchange services, advisory services, trustee services, and guarantor roles. Demonstrate how banks act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers. Calculate foreign exchange rates.

Foreign exchange rate calculations. Advisory service role-plays. Trustee service case studies. Guarantor service demonstrations. Intermediary function illustrations.

Exchange rate charts, Advisory scenario cards, Trustee examples, Guarantor forms, Intermediary flow charts
Account opening forms, Cheque books, ATM cards, Interest calculation sheets, Comparison charts
Investment scenarios, Calculation sheets, Account forms, ID documents, Photographs, Certificate samples
NBFI information sheets, SACCO materials, Insurance policies, Housing finance examples, Case study materials

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 103-104

MONEY & BANKING

Micro-Finance, Agricultural Finance and Differences with Commercial Banks
Central Bank Functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain micro-finance and agricultural finance operations. Compare NBFIs with commercial banks in terms of services, target markets, and operations. Analyze their complementary roles.

Micro-finance loan simulation. Agricultural project financing exercises. Comparison table creation. Case study analysis of differences. Group discussions on operational contrasts.

Loan application forms, Agricultural projects, Comparison charts, Case studies, Analysis sheets
Central Bank charts, Currency samples, Inter-bank forms, Government forms, Supervision checklists, Clearing examples

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 111-113

MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE

Monetary Policy Tools
Modern Banking Trends
Modern Banking Trends
Introduction to Public Finance and its Purpose

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monetary policy and its objectives. Explain bank rate, open market operations, cash/liquidity ratio, compulsory deposits, selective credit controls, directives and moral suasion. Demonstrate how these tools control money supply.

Monetary policy simulation exercises. Interest rate effect analysis. Securities trading demonstrations. Cash ratio calculations. Credit control scenarios. Policy tool comparison activities.

Policy charts, Interest rate examples, Securities samples, Calculation sheets, Control scenarios, Comparison tables
ATM cards, Computer demonstrations, Modern banking examples, Technology comparison charts
Mobile phones, E-banking platforms, Digital payment examples, Credit forms, Service scenarios, Mobile bank materials
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pens, local examples from students' experience.

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 115-117

PUBLIC FINANCE

Purpose of Public Finance - Provision of Essential Services
Purpose of Public Finance - Economic Control and Development
Sources of Public Finance - Overview and Classification
Government Borrowing - Internal and External
Types of Debt and Government Expenditure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify essential goods and services provided by government. Explain why private sector cannot adequately provide certain services. Analyze the concept of public interest. Evaluate the importance of government intervention in service provision.

Teacher exposition of new concepts; Group work identifying public services in their locality; Discussion comparing public schools vs private schools; Students share experiences of using public facilities.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' prior knowledge and experiences.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, examples from students' local knowledge, chalk.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' observations from daily life.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, basic calculator (if available), student knowledge.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, local examples from students' environment.

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 124-125

PUBLIC FINANCE

Principles of Public Expenditure
Introduction to Tax and Taxation
Principles of Taxation
Classification of Taxes - By Structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline principles governing public expenditure. Explain the concept of sanctions in public spending. Analyze the principle of maximum social benefit. Examine flexibility and economy in public expenditure.

Teacher exposition on government spending rules; Discussion on why parliament must approve spending; Students give examples of wasteful government spending they have heard about; Q/A on benefits of government projects.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' general knowledge from radio/conversations.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' shopping experiences and observations.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' market experiences and price observations.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, basic arithmetic skills, simple calculation examples.

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 128-129

PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION
INFLATION

Classification of Taxes - Direct vs Indirect
Merits and Demerits of Direct and Indirect Taxes
Introduction to Inflation and Deflation
Consumer Price Index (CPI) Concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between direct and indirect taxes. Explain impact and incidence of taxation. Identify examples of direct taxes (income tax, corporation tax, etc.). Analyze examples of indirect taxes (VAT, excise duty, etc.).

Teacher exposition with chalkboard examples; Discussion on taxes deducted from salaries vs taxes on goods; Students identify taxes they see in shops; Group work classifying different taxes they know.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, students' knowledge of prices and salary deductions.
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, chalk, student experiences and observations, review questions.
Price comparison charts from different years, Country inflation examples, Purchasing power calculation sheets, Real product price data
Sample consumer baskets, Base year price data, Price collection sheets, Index calculation examples, Consumer survey materials

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 135-141

INFLATION

CPI Calculation - Simple Average Method
CPI Calculation - Weighted Average Method
Types of Inflation and Demand-Pull Inflation
More Causes of Demand-Pull Inflation
Cost-Push Inflation and Its Causes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate price relatives for individual commodities. Compute Consumer Price Index using simple average method. Interpret CPI results and their meaning. Practice with multiple commodities and time periods.

Step-by-step CPI calculation exercises. Price relative computation for various goods. Simple average CPI calculation practice. Interpretation of results meaning for purchasing power. Group work on different commodity baskets.

Price data for multiple commodities, Calculation worksheets, Calculators, CPI formula charts, Practice problem sets
Family budget examples, Weight assignment sheets, Weighted calculation templates, Comparison tables, Advanced calculation problems
Market simulation materials, Government spending examples, Money supply charts, Income increase scenarios, Demand-pull diagrams
Shortage simulation materials, Population growth data, Expectation scenario cards, Consumer expenditure charts, Supply-demand graphs
Production cost scenarios, Wage-price spiral charts, Tax impact examples, Import price data, Cost-push diagrams

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 146-147

INFLATION

More Cost-Push Causes and Subsidy Effects
Levels of Inflation
Positive Effects of Inflation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze input cost increases other than labor. Explain reduction in subsidies impact. Demonstrate profit-push and tax-push inflation. Compare various cost-push mechanisms.

Input cost increase simulations using manufacturing examples. Subsidy removal impact analysis on prices. Profit margin increase exercises and price effects. Comprehensive comparison of all cost-push factors.

Manufacturing cost examples, Subsidy impact data, Profit margin scenarios, Input cost charts, Comprehensive comparison tables
Historical inflation data, Germany 1923 case study, Country comparison charts, Inflation level classification sheets
Debtor-creditor scenarios, Profit calculation sheets, Work motivation examples, Resource utilization cases, Real vs nominal value charts

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 151-152

INFLATION

Negative Effects of Inflation
More Negative Effects and Economic Impact
Controlling Inflation - Monetary Policy Tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain reduction in profits due to decreased sales volume. Analyze time wastage in price shopping. Demonstrate conflicts between employers and employees. Show decline in living standards.

Sales volume decline simulation during price increases. Time cost analysis of shopping around for prices. Employer-employee wage negotiation role-plays. Living standard decline calculations with fixed incomes.

Sales simulation materials, Time cost analysis sheets, Role-play scenarios, Living standard calculation examples, Wage negotiation materials
Creditor loss examples, Economic growth data, Balance of payments charts, Monetary confidence indicators, Savings impact studies
Central Bank simulation materials, Interest rate impact charts, Securities trading examples, Cash ratio calculation sheets

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 154-155

INFLATION

More Monetary Policy Tools and Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy Measures and Production Solutions
Statutory Measures for Inflation Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain selective credit controls and directives. Detail moral suasion by Central Bank. Define fiscal policy for inflation control. Analyze government spending reduction and tax policy effects.

Credit control scenario exercises. Central Bank directive simulations. Government spending impact analysis on inflation. Tax policy effects on consumer spending and production costs.

Credit control scenarios, Directive examples, Government spending data, Tax policy impact charts, Fiscal policy simulation materials
Production tax examples, Subsidy calculation sheets, Government production cases, Policy design templates, Impact analysis charts
Wage control examples, Price control policies, Import restriction data, Credit control scenarios, Policy implementation cases

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 156-158

INFLATION
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Export Controls and Comprehensive Control Strategies
Introduction, Types and Advantages
Disadvantages of International Trade
Computing Terms of Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain export controls to prevent domestic shortages. Analyze combination of multiple control measures. Evaluate effectiveness of different approaches. Design comprehensive anti-inflation strategy.

Export control case studies and domestic market effects. Multi-pronged control strategy design exercises. Effectiveness evaluation of historical control measures. Comprehensive strategy presentations by groups.

Export control examples, Multi-strategy templates, Historical effectiveness data, Strategy design sheets, Presentation materials
World map, newspapers with trade reports, charts showing Kenya's trading partners, business magazines
Newspaper cuttings on industry closures, case study materials, charts showing trade impacts
Calculators, statistical data sheets, worked examples, formula charts

KLB Secondary Business Form 4, Pages 158-159

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Factors Affecting Terms of Trade
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments Concepts
Preparing Balance of Payments Accounts
Balance of Payments Disequilibrium
Terms of Sale in International Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors causing differences in terms of trade between countries. Analyze impact of commodity nature on trade terms. Discuss demand changes and trade restrictions effects. Evaluate world economic order influences.

Detailed exposition with country examples; Case study analysis of Kenya vs developed countries; Group discussions on commodity price variations; Q/A on trade restriction impacts.

Case study materials, charts comparing different economies, business magazines
Trade statistics, charts showing balance structure, newspapers with economic data
Account worksheets, calculators, worked examples, practice data sets
Policy documents, case study materials, charts showing correction methods
Shipping documents, cost calculation worksheets, practical scenarios, charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 167-168

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Credit and Import Documents
Shipping, Insurance and Commercial Documents
Specialized Trade Documents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain letter of credit functions and types. Describe import licence requirements. Analyze indent procedures (open and closed). Discuss creditworthiness and banking relationships.

Examination of actual letters of credit; Discussion on import licensing procedures; Group work on indent preparation; Analysis of banking documentation requirements.

Sample letters of credit, import licence forms, indent examples, banking documents
Bill of lading samples, insurance certificates, invoice examples, document comparison charts
Document samples, flow charts, practical scenarios, case studies

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 176-177

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

IMF and World Bank
African Development Institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State objectives and functions of IMF. Explain stable exchange rate maintenance and international liquidity provision. Describe World Bank objectives and development financing role. Compare IMF and World Bank functions.

Exposition of institutional backgrounds; Discussion on exchange rate stabilization; Case studies on institutional interventions; Comparison of lending terms and objectives.

Charts showing institutional structures, case study materials, project reports
ADB/ADF project reports, development case studies, institutional comparison charts

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 180-182

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Forms and Characteristics of Economic Integration
Importance and Effects of Economic Integration
Reasons and Methods of Trade Restrictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration. Identify and explain four forms: free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union. Compare characteristics and features of each form. Analyze progression from simple to complex integration.

Exposition of integration concept and forms; Group discussions on regional cooperation examples; Comparison of integration levels using charts; Analysis of East African integration progress.

Maps showing integration blocs, comparison charts, case study materials on regional blocs
Integration success stories, policy analysis documents, charts showing trade effects
Case study materials, tariff schedules, quota examples, policy documents, calculators

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 182-184

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions
Trade Liberalization and Export Processing Zones
E-commerce and Digital Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of trade restrictions for domestic industries. Identify disadvantages including retaliation risks and consumer impacts. Analyze quality and price implications. Evaluate long-term effects on economic efficiency.

Balanced analysis of restriction effects; Case studies on protection outcomes and retaliation; Discussion on consumer welfare impacts; Group evaluation of policy trade-offs.

Policy analysis documents, consumer impact studies, case study materials
EPZ documentation, liberalization case studies, charts showing trade policy evolution
Computer/tablets for demonstration, e-commerce examples, online payment illustrations

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 187-188

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Forms and Importance of Economic Integration
Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade
Reasons for Trade Restrictions
Methods of Trade Restrictions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Restrictions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration. Identify four forms of economic integration. Explain characteristics of free trade area, customs union, common market and economic union. Analyze importance of economic integration to member countries.

Q/A session reviewing relevant integration terms; Exposition of integration forms with regional examples; Group discussions on East African integration progress; Analysis of integration benefits using case studies.

Maps showing integration blocs, charts comparing integration forms, newspaper articles on regional cooperation
Case study materials on successful integration, charts showing trade effects, policy analysis documents
Case study materials on protected industries, charts showing protection policies, newspaper articles on trade policies
Tariff schedules, quota examples, calculators, policy documents showing restriction methods
Policy analysis documents, case studies on protection outcomes, consumer impact studies

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 182-185

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Trends in International Trade
Economic Growth and Development Concepts
Characteristics of Under-development
Factors Hindering Development
Political, Social and Economic Institutional Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze current trends in international trade including liberalization. Explain Export Processing Zones (EPZ) concept, advantages and disadvantages. Discuss e-trade and website applications. Evaluate impact of modern technology on trade patterns.

Exposition of contemporary trade trends; Case study analysis of Athi River EPZ; Discussion on liberalization effects; Demonstration of e-commerce applications in trade.

EPZ documentation, computers/tablets for e-commerce demonstration, charts showing trade liberalization effects
Statistical data on economic indicators, charts comparing developed vs developing countries, newspaper economic reports
Statistical data on poverty and unemployment, photos showing infrastructure gaps, case study materials on developing countries
Case studies on development barriers, charts showing technology gaps, brain drain statistics
Governance case studies, cultural practice examples, charts showing institutional frameworks

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 188-189

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Development Planning Process and Objectives
Need for Development Planning and Benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define development planning concept and importance. Explain planning process including objective establishment. State government policy objectives for long-term development. Analyze resource identification and allocation in planning.

Guided discussion on planning necessity; Exposition of systematic planning process; Group work on identifying realistic planning objectives; Analysis of Kenya's development planning experience.

Kenya's development plan documents, planning process flowcharts, resource allocation examples
Planning success case studies, foreign aid effectiveness reports, project evaluation examples

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 202-204

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Problems in Development Planning Implementation
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State problems encountered in development planning at formulation stage. Explain implementation challenges including donor dependency. Analyze natural calamities impact on planning. Discuss political will and coordination problems in plan execution.

Exposition of planning challenges at different stages; Case studies on planning failures and successes; Group discussions on realistic vs over-ambitious planning; Analysis of natural disasters impact and political commitment importance.

Case studies on planning challenges, disaster impact reports, examples of successful and failed development projects
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

KLB Secondary Business Studies Form 4, Pages 204-206

REVISION

Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Master the rules of recording financial information
-Learn to prepare different financial reports
-Apply financial knowledge to solve problems

- Teacher shows how to prepare various financial reports
-Students work on past paper problems alone and in groups
-Teacher checks the work to ensure it's correct and gives feedback

Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Book 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Revise key definitions and facts
-Improve accuracy in short answers
-Practice time management

- Class quiz on common terms
-Group revision as guided by the teacher
-Peer marking using marking schemes

Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples

Business Studies Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes

Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision

Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions
Short Answer & Definition Questions
Application & Explanation Questions
Financial Questions
Descriptive Questions
Financial & Accounting Questions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply business knowledge to real business situations
-Develop clear, logical explanations

- Teacher demonstrates how to answer explanation questions
-Students answer questions on factors, reasons, and effects
-Class discussion and corrections

Past Paper 1 exams, topic summaries, marking schemes
Past papers with financial questions, marking schemes
Sample answers, past papers, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, financial statement examples
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes

Business Studies KLB Paper 1, KLB Bk 1-4, Students notes