CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Definition and classification of crop pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a crop pest. State harmful effects of crop pests on crops. Classify pests according to mode of feeding, crops attacked, and development stages. Distinguish between major and minor pests.

Exposition of pest concepts. Discussion on pest effects and classification. Question and answer session on pest types.

Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage

KLB BK III Pg 175-177

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with biting and chewing mouth parts. Give examples of biting and chewing pests. Describe damage caused by biting insects. Draw and label mouth parts of a locust.

Examining pictures of biting insects. Drawing and labeling locust mouth parts. Discussion on damage patterns to different plant parts.

Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pg 177-180

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods

KLB BK III Pg 186-187

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of pest control including timely planting and harvesting. Explain crop rotation, trap cropping, and field hygiene practices. Describe use of resistant varieties and clean planting materials. State advantages of cultural control methods.

Brain storming on farming practices for pest control. Discussion on cultural control effectiveness. Case studies of successful cultural control examples.

Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 189-192

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties
Maize - land preparation and planting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain chemical control methods including seed dressing, soil fumigation, and spraying. Describe legislative control methods for disease prevention. Discuss integrated disease management approaches. Evaluate effectiveness of different disease control methods.

Discussion on chemical control applications. Exposition of legislative disease control measures. Brain storming on integrated disease management strategies.

Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas
Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures

KLB BK III Pg 207-208

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain fertilizer application methods and timing in maize. Describe weed control methods in maize production. Outline the importance of proper field management. State recommended fertilizer rates for maize.

Exposition of fertilizer application. Discussion on weed control methods. Demonstration of fertilizer calculation.

Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields

KLB BK III Pg 201-202

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Finger millet - field management and pest control
Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fertilizer application in finger millet. Explain weed control challenges in finger millet. Identify pests and diseases affecting finger millet. Outline harvesting and storage methods.

Discussion on field management. Brain storming on pest control. Exposition of harvesting methods.

Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease
Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Beans production
Beans - field operations and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for beans production. Identify bean varieties including dry beans and French beans. Describe land preparation and planting methods for beans. Explain importance of beans as protein source.

Exposition of bean growing conditions. Discussion on variety selection. Examination of different bean varieties.

Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements
Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment

KLB BK III Pg 211-212

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for rice production. Describe rice irrigation schemes in Kenya. Explain land preparation and water control in rice. State fertilizer application methods in rice production.

Exposition of rice growing conditions. Discussion on irrigation importance. Case study of Mwea rice scheme.

Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 214-215

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee
Harvesting of industrial crops - tea

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods for sugarcane including maturation indicators. Explain procedures for coffee cherry harvesting. State quality factors in coffee harvesting. Outline precautions during harvesting of tree crops.

Discussion on crop maturation signs. Examination of coffee cherries at different stages. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools
Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards

KLB BK III Pg 217-218

FORAGE CROPS

Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define forage crops and distinguish between forage and fodder crops. Define pasture and classify pastures according to stand, establishment and ecological zones. Explain the difference between natural and artificial pastures. Give examples of pastures at different altitudes.

Exposition of forage concepts. Discussion on pasture classification. Examination of grass and legume specimens from different zones.

Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules

KLB BK III Pg 218-222

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify effects of weeds on pasture productivity and explain control measures. Describe top dressing procedures and reasons. Explain topping, reseeding and controlled grazing methods. State pest control measures in pastures.

Brain storming on weed problems and management practices. Discussion on fertilizer selection and grazing control. Demonstration of management principles.

Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods

KLB BK III Pg 227-230

FORAGE CROPS

Napier grass production
Other fodder crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ecological requirements for napier grass. Distinguish between French Cameroon and Bana grass varieties. Describe land preparation and planting procedures. Explain fertilizer application, weed control and defoliation management.

Exposition of napier grass characteristics. Discussion on variety selection and management. Demonstration of planting procedures.

Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties

KLB BK III Pg 237-240

FORAGE CROPS

Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction
Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline establishment and utilization of agroforestry shrubs as fodder. Explain reasons for conserving forage including seasonal feed distribution. State methods of forage conservation. Compare hay, silage and standing forage conservation.

Discussion on agroforestry benefits. Exposition of conservation importance. Brain storming on conservation method selection.

Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts
Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 244-245

FORAGE CROPS

Silage making and silo types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions
Terms used in livestock diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting silage quality and use of additives. Describe silage losses and prevention methods. Calculate silage requirements based on animal dry matter needs. Outline standing forage as alternative conservation method.

Calculation exercises on silage requirements. Discussion on quality factors and additive use. Brain storming on loss prevention strategies.

Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams
Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods

KLB BK III Pg 249-250

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify livestock diseases into four major groups. Describe East Coast Fever including animals affected and symptoms. Explain anaplasmosis (gall sickness) symptoms and transmission. State control measures for tick-borne diseases.

Exposition of disease classification. Discussion on protozoan diseases. Examination of tick specimens. Brain storming on tick control methods.

Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 252-254

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials

KLB BK III Pg 257-259

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe black quarter symptoms and spore-forming bacteria. Explain anthrax as notifiable disease affecting all warm-blooded animals. Describe pneumonia in young animals and predisposing factors. State control measures including vaccination and proper disposal.

Discussion on acute bacterial diseases. Exposition of notifiable diseases. Brain storming on disease prevention. Case study of anthrax control.

Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records

KLB BK III Pg 261-263

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 265-267