PRODUCT MARKETS

Introduction and meaning of market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define market in different contexts and applications
-Distinguish between market as meeting place and geographical area
-Explain market as price/business rate concept
-Identify essential features of any market
-Analyze contact between sellers and buyers

- Brainstorming on different market meanings
-Discussion on market contexts and applications
-Analysis of market as meeting place vs area
-Group work on essential market features
-Case studies on seller-buyer contact

Textbook, market examples, charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40

PRODUCT MARKETS

Essential features and product market definition
Types of product markets overview
Pure competition - sellers, buyers and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify presence of sellers and buyers
-Examine commodity for sale requirements
-Analyze acceptable medium of exchange
-Define product markets comprehensively
-Classify markets by area, commodity and scale

- Discussion on market features
-Analysis of seller-buyer requirements
-Case studies on exchange mediums
-Group work on product market definition
-Classification exercises on market types

Textbook, market scenarios, classification charts
Textbook, market structure charts, examples
Textbook, competition examples, product cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 40-41

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pure competition - restraints and factor mobility
Pure competition - costs and market knowledge
Perfect competition vs pure competition
Criticism of perfect competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain absence of artificial restraints
-Analyze price determination freedom
-Examine factor mobility requirements
-Discuss alternative factor uses
-Evaluate geographical factor movement

- Discussion on restraint absence
-Analysis of free price determination
-Case studies on factor mobility
-Group work on alternative uses
-Examination of factor movement

Textbook, factor examples, mobility cases
Textbook, transport examples, information cases
Textbook, comparison charts, theory examples
Textbook, criticism examples, reality cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopoly definition and characteristics
Causes of monopoly - ownership and technical factors
Causes of monopoly - market and business factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define monopoly market structure
-Identify single producer characteristic
-Analyze price fixing by supplier
-Examine substitute product absence
-Discuss entry restrictions and price discrimination

- Discussion on monopoly definition
-Analysis of single producer effects
-Case studies on monopoly pricing
-Group work on substitute analysis
-Examination of price discrimination

Textbook, monopoly examples, Figure 3.1
Textbook, ownership examples, capital cases
Textbook, market examples, merger cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43

PRODUCT MARKETS

Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly
Monopolistic competition - definition and features
Monopolistic competition - product differentiation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify massive profit advantages
-Analyze government revenue benefits
-Examine price stability benefits
-Discuss poor quality problems
-Evaluate limited variety and exorbitant pricing

- Discussion on monopoly advantages
-Analysis of government revenue
-Case studies on price stability
-Group work on quality problems
-Examination of pricing issues

Textbook, advantage/disadvantage examples
Textbook, competition examples, Kenyan cases
Textbook, differentiation examples, brand cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - operations and interdependence
Oligopoly - definition and characteristics
Oligopoly features - market control and products
Oligopoly - collusion and kinked demand curve

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze free entry and exit
-Examine firm interdependence
-Discuss non-price competition
-Evaluate price setting considerations
-Assess competitive responses

- Discussion on entry/exit freedom
-Analysis of firm interactions
-Case studies on non-price competition
-Group work on price setting
-Examination of competitive responses

Textbook, operation examples, competition cases
Textbook, oligopoly examples, rivalry cases
Textbook, control examples, sugar market cases
Textbook, collusion examples, Figure 3.2, graph papers

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46

PRODUCT MARKETS

Kinked demand curve analysis
Pertinent issues - monopoly insensitivity and hoarding
Pertinent issues - government protection and liberalization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze price increase effects
-Examine demand decrease consequences
-Discuss consumer switching behavior
-Evaluate price decrease effects
-Assess competitor response patterns

- Discussion on price change effects
-Analysis of demand elasticity
-Case studies on consumer behavior
-Group work on competitor responses
-Examination of price stability

Textbook, price examples, elasticity cases
Textbook, monopoly cases, hoarding examples
Textbook, protection examples, liberalization cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - cartels and overcharging
Pertinent issues - business integrity and honest practices
Pertinent issues - product differentiation and advertising

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cartel operations
-Analyze matatu operator examples
-Examine petroleum product sellers
-Discuss disproportionate price increases
-Evaluate new entrant prevention

- Discussion on cartel practices
-Analysis of matatu operations
-Case studies on petroleum cartels
-Group work on pricing patterns
-Examination of market barriers

Textbook, cartel examples, matatu cases, petroleum industry
Textbook, integrity examples, ethical cases
Textbook, advertising examples, marketing cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

PRODUCT MARKETS
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Learning activities - market identification
Learning activities - trader interviews
Meaning of distribution and process
Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify market types near school
-Analyze local market structures
-Examine trader operations
-Assess competition levels
-Evaluate market characteristics

- Field visits to local markets
-Market identification exercises
-Analysis of market structures
-Group work on trader assessment
-Examination of competition patterns

Market visit guides, observation sheets
Interview guides, data collection sheets
Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials
Textbook, trader examples, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors
Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers
Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze export merchants and their operations
-Examine import merchants and direct importers
-Discuss stockist distributors and specialization
-Evaluate merchant traders' market assistance
-Analyze skilled staff employment by stockists
-Examine after-sale services provision

- Discussion on export/import operations
-Analysis of merchant trader functions
-Case studies on stockist specialization
-Group work on market assistance
-Examination of after-sale services
-Practical examples of merchant operations

Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases
Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples
Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution
Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels
Four-level channels and product distribution patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize intermediaries' comprehensive roles
-Analyze purchase, sorting, grading and packaging
-Examine clearance and supply facilitation
-Define channels of distribution
-Analyze Figure 4.2 chain of distribution
-Discuss interrelated functions in chains

- Discussion on intermediary roles
-Analysis of comprehensive functions
-Case studies on chain formation
-Group work on Figure 4.2 analysis
-Examination of function relationships
-Practical examples of distribution chains

Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples
Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples
Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45-46

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors
Product nature and market development factors
Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors
Choice of specific intermediary within channels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze factors in channel selection
-Examine cost considerations in channel choice
-Discuss availability of distribution channels
-Evaluate business objectives and policies
-Analyze unique product presentation needs
-Examine relationship between policies and channels

- Discussion on channel selection factors
-Analysis of cost-benefit considerations
-Case studies on channel availability
-Group work on business objectives
-Examination of policy alignment
-Practical examples of channel choice

Textbook, channel selection examples
Textbook, product examples, market cases
Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases
Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 48-49

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems
Child labor and environmental degradation issues
Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze HIV/AIDS prevalence in distribution
-Examine travel and family separation effects
-Discuss discipline and moral responsibility
-Analyze fatigue and accident relationships
-Examine distribution truck safety
-Evaluate operator care and scheduling

- Discussion on HIV/AIDS challenges
-Analysis of travel separation effects
-Case studies on moral responsibility
-Group work on fatigue prevention
-Examination of safety measures
-Practical examples of responsible scheduling

Textbook, health examples, safety cases
Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases
Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51-52

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Learning activities, research and assessment
Introduction to population and sources of data
Sample surveys and registration methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Conduct field research on local distributors
-Identify distributor types in local area
-Interview distributors about operations
-Organize debate on distributor necessity
-Analyze distribution challenges
-Evaluate distribution effectiveness and importance

- Field research activities
-Distributor identification exercises
-Interview local distributors
-Debate organization and participation
-Analysis of distribution value
-Comprehensive assessment activities

Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools
Textbook, census examples, demographic data
Textbook, survey examples, registration cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52-53

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Basic population concepts - fertility and birth rates
Mortality rates and migration concepts
Population growth rates and African comparisons
Overpopulation - definition and advantages

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define fertility rate comprehensively
-Analyze general fertility rate formula
-Examine Example 6.1 fertility calculation
-Define birth rate and crude birth rate
-Analyze factors affecting birth rates
-Examine marriage, ignorance, and cultural factors

- Discussion on fertility concepts
-Analysis of Example 6.1 calculations
-Case studies on birth rate factors
-Group work on cultural influences
-Examination of marriage effects
-Practical fertility rate calculations

Textbook, Example 6.1, calculators, formula sheets
Textbook, Figure 6.1, Example 6.2, calculators
Textbook, Table 6.1, calculators, comparison charts
Textbook, overpopulation examples, advantage cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 73-74

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Disadvantages of overpopulation
Under-population and declining population
Optimum population and dependency concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze rural-urban migration effects
-Examine poor living standards
-Discuss food shortages and famines
-Evaluate inflationary tendencies
-Analyze increased dependency burden
-Examine strain on social amenities

- Discussion on migration problems
-Analysis of living standard deterioration
-Case studies on food shortages
-Group work on inflation effects
-Examination of dependency issues
-Practical examples of social strain

Textbook, migration examples, shortage cases
Textbook, under-population examples, decline cases
Textbook, Figure 6.3, dependency examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 77-78

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Ageing and young populations
Population structure and Kenya's demographics
Population pyramids and international comparisons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ageing population characteristics
-Analyze disadvantages of ageing populations
-Examine pension and healthcare burdens
-Define young population concept
-Analyze challenges of young populations
-Examine dependency and unemployment issues

- Discussion on ageing population problems
-Analysis of pension burden effects
-Case studies on young population challenges
-Group work on dependency issues
-Examination of unemployment effects
-Practical examples of age structure impacts

Textbook, ageing examples, youth cases
Textbook, Tables 6.2 and 6.3, demographic data
Textbook, Figures 6.4 and 6.5, pyramid examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 80-81

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Economic growth vs development and population effects
Population effects on technology, land, and labor
Population control methods and employment concepts
Unemployment types and causes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economic growth and development
-Analyze economic growth formula
-Examine development vs growth differences
-Discuss rapid population growth problems
-Analyze low living standards effects
-Examine capital formation challenges

- Discussion on growth vs development
-Analysis of formula applications
-Case studies on population effects
-Group work on living standards
-Examination of capital formation
-Practical examples of development challenges

Textbook, formula sheets, development examples
Textbook, Figure 6.6, land examples
Textbook, control examples, employment cases
Textbook, Figure 6.7, unemployment examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 84-85

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

Technological and other unemployment types
Solving unemployment and pertinent issues
Pertinent issues - data honesty, HIV/AIDS, and poverty

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze technological unemployment
-Examine ATM effects on bank employment
-Discuss frictional unemployment
-Analyze residual and casual unemployment
-Examine unemployment causes in Kenya
-Evaluate high production costs

- Discussion on technological changes
-Analysis of ATM impact examples
-Case studies on Kenyan unemployment
-Group work on production costs
-Examination of casual employment
-Practical examples of technology effects

Textbook, technology examples, cost cases
Textbook, Figure 6.9, solution examples
Textbook, Figure 6.10, poverty examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 88-89

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

Learning activities, review and assessment
Introduction and meaning of assets
Types of assets (continued) and liabilities
Capital and its importance
The book-keeping equation
Application of book-keeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Conduct field research on local fertility/mortality
-Interview school leavers about employment
-Analyze local population challenges
-Review all population and employment concepts
-Apply knowledge to real scenarios
-Prepare comprehensive assessment

- Field research activities
-Interview local school leavers
-Analysis of local population data
-Comprehensive review sessions
-Assessment preparation activities
-Practical application exercises

Research guides, interview forms, assessment materials
Textbook, Charts showing asset types, Pictures of business assets, Classification worksheets
Textbook, Case study materials, Charts on liability types, Local business examples
Textbook, Role play materials, Capital planning worksheets, Calculator
Textbook, Calculator, Problem solving worksheets, Formula charts
Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Real business data examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 91-92

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS

The balance sheet - meaning and essentials
Format and structure of balance sheet
Preparation of simple balance sheets
Complex balance sheet preparation
Importance of balance sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define a balance sheet
-Explain the purpose of a balance sheet
-Identify essential features of a balance sheet
-Describe the T-format of a balance sheet
-Explain why balance sheet totals must balance

Explanation of balance sheet concept; Drawing T-format demonstrations; Group discussion on balance sheet importance; Analysis of sample balance sheets

Textbook, Sample balance sheets, Drawing materials, T-format templates
Textbook, Drawing materials, Rulers, Sample formats, Chart paper
Textbook, Calculator, Preparation worksheets, Sample data, Graph paper
Textbook, Calculator, Complex problem sets, Peer review sheets
Textbook, Case study materials, Role play cards, Real balance sheet examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 99-101

DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Net worth calculation and analysis
Meaning of business transactions
Effects of transactions on balance sheet - Introduction
Purchase of assets using business cash
Owner's additional investment
Purchase of assets on credit
Cash withdrawals and deposits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define net worth of a business
-Calculate net worth using different methods
-Analyze factors affecting net worth
-Compare net worth of different businesses
-Interpret net worth figures for decision making

Calculation exercises; Comparative analysis; Group problem solving; Decision making scenarios; Mathematical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Comparative data, Analysis worksheets
Textbook, Transaction examples, Classification charts, Real business documents
Textbook, Balance sheet templates, Transaction cards, Demonstration materials
Textbook, Calculator, Practice worksheets, Balance sheet formats
Textbook, Calculator, Investment scenarios, Case study materials
Textbook, Calculator, Credit scenarios, Balance sheet templates
Textbook, Cash flow charts, Bank transaction examples, Calculator

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 106

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Drawings and personal use withdrawals
Borrowing for business use
Payment of liabilities
Complex liability transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define drawings and their nature
-Analyze effect of drawings on balance sheet
-Demonstrate outflow of resources from business
-Show impact on assets and capital
-Explain reduction in balance sheet totals

Drawings scenario analysis; Practical calculations; Group discussions; Case study exercises; Real business examples

Textbook, Calculator, Drawings scenarios, Case study materials
Textbook, Calculator, Loan scenarios, Financial planning worksheets
Textbook, Calculator, Debt scenarios, Balance sheet templates
Textbook, Calculator, Complex scenarios, Comparative charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 114-115

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Sale of assets and debtor transactions
Compound transactions
Causes of changes in capital
Initial and final capital determination
Capital calculation methods
Pertinent issues and business ethics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze sale of assets for cash and on credit
-Explain receipt of cash from debtors
-Demonstrate profit and loss effects
-Show impact on various balance sheet items
-Apply to sales and collection scenarios

Sales transaction analysis; Profit/loss calculations; Debtor management exercises; Group activities; Practical applications

Textbook, Calculator, Sales scenarios, Debtor management worksheets
Textbook, Calculator, Complex transaction examples, Advanced worksheets
Textbook, Calculator, Capital analysis worksheets, Strategy planning materials
Textbook, Calculator, Capital determination worksheets, Formula charts
Textbook, Calculator, Advanced problem sets, Formula reference sheets
Textbook, Case study materials, Debate materials, Ethical scenario cards

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Student's Book Pg 118-120