INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

Definition of Geography and environment.
Branches of Geography.
Importance of studying Geography.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms Geography and environment.
Explain what the study of Geography entails.

Identify the branches of Geography.

Brainstorming,
Oral questions;
Brief discussion.
Exposition & discussion on major areas covered in Physical Geography, Economic Geography & Practical Geography.

student book
student book, local environment
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 1
KLB BK I
Pg 2

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

Relationship between Geography and other Disciplines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the relationship between Geography and other disciplines.

Teacher explains contextual meaning of the term discipline.
Oral questions to elicit definitions of history, physics, chemistry, agriculture, economics, etc.
Brief discussion on interdependence of disciplines.

Chart: relationship between Geography and other disciplines.

KLB BK I
Pg 3-4

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Careers related to Geography.
Composition of the Solar System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify careers related to Geography.



Give the meaning of solar system.
Describe the composition of solar system.

Open discussion on careers related to Geography.



Exposition of facts related to the heavenly bodies, planets and other celestial bodies.

Career booklet.



Chart: the solar system & their relative sizes.

KLB BK I
Pg 3-4



KLB BK I
Pg 7

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The origin of the solar system.
Other heavenly bodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain theories put forward to explain the origin of the earth.

Exposition of new concepts;
Brief description.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 7-8

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The origin and size of the earth.
The shape of the earth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Advance postulates about origin and size of the earth.
Give reasons why the interior of the earth is known to be very hot.

Outline proofs that the earth is spherical.

Brain storming;
Exposition of factual information.
Brief discussion & illustrations.

student book
Chart: mathematical data for planet earth.

KLB BK I
Pg 12-13
KLB BK I
Pg 13-15

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The rotation of the earth on its axis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of rotation of the earth on its axis.

Brainstorming, oral questions and brief discussion on rotational movement of the earth and its effects.

The globe.

KLB BK I
Pg 17-18

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Local time.
Time zones and the International Date Line.
The revolution of the earth round the sun.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate local time using longitudes.
Calculate the longitude of a place using local time.
Describe effects of revolution of the earth round the sun.

Q/A: review the terms local time, GMT and direction of rotation of the earth.
Work through examples.
Supervised practice.
Written assignment.

Exposition & detailed discussion on revolutionary movement of the earth.

The globe
The globe.
student book

KLB BK I
Pg 18
KLB BK I
Pg 19

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Eclipses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain occurrence of eclipses.
Differentiate between eclipse of the sun and eclipse of the moon.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Brief discussion.

Charts-
Solar eclipse,
Annular solar eclipse,
Lunar eclipse.

KLB BK I
Pg 20-21

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
WEATHER

The structure of the earth.
Definition and elements of weather. Temperature.
Humidity & Precipitation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe internal and external structure of the earth.


Define the term weather.
List down the elements of weather.

Define the term temperature.
Outline factors affecting air temperature.

Expository and descriptive approaches.


Brain storming;

Brief discussion.

Model of the internal earth structure.
student book
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 22-23
Pg 24-25

WEATHER

Rainfall.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rainfall as a form of precipitation.
Outline types of rainfall.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 27-29

WEATHER

Clouds.
Atmospheric pressure & winds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of clouds.


Explain factors influencing atmospheric pressure.
Differentiate between anabatic and katabatic winds.
Outline factors influencing wind direction.
Explain the role of wind as a medium of heat and moisture transfer.

Exposition and explanations;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams of land and sea breezes;
Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.

school enviroment
illustrative diagram

KLB BK I
Pg 31-32
KLB BK I
Pg 29-30

WEATHER

Weather station.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List down instruments used in a weather station.
Identify factors taken into account when siting a weather station.

Q/A: definition of the term weather;
Brief discussion on elements of weather;
Oral questions & brief discussion;
Visit a weather station.

weather station

KLB BK I
Pg 32-33

WEATHER

Measuring temperature.
Measuring rainfall.
Measuring atmospheric pressure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify thermometric liquids used in thermometers.
Calculate mean daily temperature and diurnal range of temperature given maximum and minimum daily temperatures.

Identify features of a mercury barometer and the aneroid barometer.

Oral questions.


Problem solving.
Expository & descriptive approaches, and oral questions.

Six?s Maximum & minimum thermometers.
Rainfall charts.
diagram

KLB BK I
Pg 34-36
KLB BK I
Pg 37

WEATHER

Wind direction and intensity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify instruments used to determine wnd direction and intensity.

Oral questions;
Drawing a wind vane and a wind sock;
Brief discussion.

wind vane & wind sock

KLB BK I
Pg 39

WEATHER

The atmosphere.
Weather forecasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the zones of the atmosphere.
Outline the importance of weather forecasting to humankind.

Expository & descriptive approaches.
Q/A & brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 41-42

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Meaning and significance of statistics. Types, nature and sources of statistical data.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define the term statistics.
Explain the significance of statistics in enhancing the study of geography.

Identify types, nature and sources of statistical data.

Q/A & brief discussion.




Exposition of new concepts & discussion.

illustrative chart

KLB BK I
Pg 449-50

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Collecting statistical data. -Questionnares.
Collecting statistical data. -Interviews and observations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of questionnaires.
State advantages and disadvantages of using questionnaires.

State advantages and disadvantages of using interviews and observations to gather data.

Probing questions & explanations.


Simulations;
Probing questions & explanations.

Sample questionnaires.

KLB BK I
Pg 50-51
KLB BK I
Pg 51-52

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Collecting statistical data. -Other methods
Recording data.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe other methods of collecting data.

Discussion on taking measurements, sampling and content analysis.

Grid square for sampling.
charts

KLB BK I
Pg 53-54

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Statistical data analysis.
Measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyse statistical data correctly.
Find range, mean, mode and median of data.

Discussion on organizing data;
Identifying highest and lowest values.
Supervised practice.
Written assignment.


Calculations: range, proportions, percentages, mean, median & mode.

data
calculator

KLB BK I
Pg 57-59

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Statistical data presentation in tables.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Present statistical data in tabular form.

Merits & demerits of using statistical tables.

Give examples of statistical data in tabular form; e.g. rainfall of a place.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

data

KLB BK I
Pg 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple line graph.
Simple bar graph.
Combined line graph and bar graph. (polygraph)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Interpret a simple line graph.
State merits & demerits of using simple line graphs.
Construct and interpret combined line graph and bar graph (polygraph).
State merits & demerits of using simple line graphs.

Make inferences;
Brief discussion.

Guided practical activity: drawing combined line graph and bar graph (polygraph).
Oral questions and brief discussion.
Written exercise.

chart
Graph papers.

KLB BK I
Pg 60-62
KLB BK I
Pg 63-64

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple wind rose.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits & demerits of using a wind rose.
Construct and make use of a simple wind rose.

Brief discussion.
Group activity (Assignment): construction of a simple wind rose.

diagram

KLB BK I
Pg 64-65