INFLATION

Introduction Consumer Price index

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms inflation and deflation.
Define the term CPI.
Compute CPI.

Guided discussion and computations.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

145-6

INFLATION

Simple and weighted price relatives.
Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.

Guided computations.

Supervised practice.

Price relative tables.
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 147

INFLATION

Causes of cost- pull inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of cost-pull inflation.
Explain the causes of cost-pull inflation.

Expository and descriptive approaches with probing questions.

Pg. 152

INFLATION

Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight various levels of inflation.
Outline positive and negative effects of inflation.

Probing questions;
Discussion..

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 152-3,

154-6

INFLATION

Controlling inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some policies adopted by the govt to reduce or control inflation.

Discussion on: control of money supply, control of demand, cost control.

Pg. 156-8

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction. Barter trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 91-94

MONEY & BANKING

Money system Characteristics of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of money.

Brainstorming and superficial discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain major functions of money.

Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 96-97

MONEY & BANKING

Demand for money (liquidity preference)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term demand for money.

Explain the motives that influence the desire to keep money instead of other assets.

Q/A: review the term demand.

Exposition and probing questions.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 97-99

MONEY & BANKING

Supply of money. Banking System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term supply of money.
Identify various monetary items that are in circulation in an economy.
Identify elements of banking system in Kenya.

Q/A: review the term supply.
Expository approach
Analyse the hierarchy of banks in Kenya.
Give examples of banks in each category.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 99-100

MONEY & BANKING

Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
Services offered by commercial banks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline a brief history on development of banking.

Identify methods employed by commercial banks to generate profits.
Identify services offered by commercial banks.

Exposition and probing questions;
Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 101-103

MONEY & BANKING

Non-banking financial institutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of non-banking financial institutions.
State functions of non-banking financial institutions.
Outline differences between commercial bank and NBFI.

Exposition;
Brief discussion;
Probing questions.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 109-113

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of the Central bank.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify objectives and functions of the Central Bank.

Exposition of new ideas;
Guided discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 113-8

MONEY & BANKING

Trends in banking.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 118-121

PUBLIC FINANCE

Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.
External borrowing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Differentiate between internal and external borrowing.

Brainstorming.
Brief discussion.

Business Magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.125-7

PUBLIC FINANCE

Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between recurrent and development expenditure.
Outline principles of public expenditure.

Exposition & discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 129-130

PUBLIC FINANCE

Taxation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term taxation.
Identify methods that the give reasons for taxation.

Exposition;
Explanations.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.131

PUBLIC FINANCE

Principles of taxation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain basic principles of taxation.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. pg 132-3

PUBLIC FINANCE

Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between impact and incidence of tax.

Classify taxes according to structure.
State merits and demerits of taxing people according to structure.

Exposition of new ideas;
Give examples and explanations.

text book

Pg. 133-4

PUBLIC FINANCE

Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify taxes according to impact on the taxpayer.
State and explain merits and demerits of direct tax.

Guided discussion on direct taxes.

text book

Pg. 135-6

PUBLIC FINANCE

Topic summary / review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Tackle review question,

Problem solving.Revision;

text book

Pg. 142-144

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.

Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.

Exposition of new terms;

Brain storming;

Brief discussion.

Cash receipts

New
Inventor
K.L.B.
BK IV.
Pg 1-2

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Invoice.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline details of an invoice.

Examine an invoice.
Probing questions on details of an invoice;
Discussion.

Invoices.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 3-4

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a debit note and a credit note.
Explain purposes of credit notes and credit note.

Examine a debit note and a credit note.
Brief discussion on features of the notes.

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 5-6

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Books of original entry. Sales journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight features of a sales journal.
Prepare a sales journal given credit sales.

Brief discussion;
Illustrated example.

Sales journal.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 8-10

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Transfer entries from a sales journal to a sales ledger and general ledger.

Discussion on illustrated examples.

Sales ledger.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 10-12

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Sales returns journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.

Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.

Sales returns journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 13-14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post entries from sales return journal to the general ledger and the sales ledger.

Illustrated example;
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

Sales return journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases journal.
Purchases return journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.

Purchases journal sample page.
Purchases return journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 15-17

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash receipt journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a cash receipt journal.
Post entries from the journal to the general ledger, cash book and debtors ledger.

Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.

Cash receipt journal.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 20-21

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash payment journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.

Illustrated cash payment ledger.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 22-23

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The petty cash book with imprest system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Make entries in a petty cash book.
Post entries from the book to ledger accounts.

Illustrated examples;
Group assignments.

Illustrated petty cash book.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.26-30

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Analysis cash book.
General journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in an analysis cash book.

Exposition of new concepts;
Worked examples;
Discussion;
Written exercise.

Cash analysis sample page.
General journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. PG. 32-36

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Transactions passed through the general journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify transactions that are passed through the general journal.

Exposition of new concepts;
Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 37-40

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Importance of journals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 41-53

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 71-72

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Current ratio or Working capital ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.

Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.

text book,chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 75-76

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.

Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.

chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80