Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - States of matter
Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the three states of matter
- Group objects in the environment into the three states of matter
- Show interest in exploring different states of matter

- Touch and feel the objects around them including water
- Identify the objects and discuss how different objects feel
- Group the objects around them into categories: hard objects that cannot be pressed, visible but not hard objects that can flow, things not visible but can be felt
- Find out the meaning of the term matter

What are the three states of matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 60
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of solids
Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids
Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify solids that are heavy and light
- Determine the mass of solids
- Value the importance of mass in daily life

- Collect stones of different sizes, plastics, blocks of wood, ball bearings, glass, iron nails
- Lift each item and determine which are heavy and which are light
- Compare heaviness of different objects
- Group materials based on their apparent size and heaviness
- Record observations in a table

How do we determine if a solid is heavy or light?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 64
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 65
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids
Properties of matter - Mass of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that liquids have a definite volume
- Explain why liquids maintain their volume
- Show interest in investigating properties of liquids

- Collect water and three measuring containers of different sizes and shapes
- Put some water in one of the containers and record the level
- Pour the same water into the other two containers, one at a time
- Record the level of water in each container
- Observe if the volume changes depending on the container shape

Do liquids have a definite volume?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Water
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of gases
- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Appreciate the existence of gases in the environment

- Blow air into balloons of different sizes
- Observe what happens when air is blown into the balloons
- Observe what happens when air is released from the balloons
- Discuss why balloons collapse when air is released
- Record observations

How do we know gases exist even though we can't see them?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of gases
Properties of matter - Volume of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases have mass
- Compare the mass of inflated and deflated objects
- Show interest in investigating properties of gases

- Collect two similar balls or balloons (both inflated)
- Get a pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick for deflating
- Use a beam balance to compare masses of two inflated balls/balloons
- Deflate one ball/balloon
- Compare their masses on the beam balance again
- Record observations

Do gases have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue

- Observation - Practical assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of different states of matter in daily life
- Give examples of how each state of matter is used
- Appreciate the use of different states of matter in daily life

- Discuss how solids are used in daily life (buildings, utensils, books)
- Discuss how liquids are used (fuel, drinking, cooking, cleaning)
- Discuss how gases are used (cooking gas, air for inflating)
- Search for information on uses of different states of matter
- Share findings

Why are the different states of matter important in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solid waste
- Identify different types of solid waste
- Develop interest in proper management of solid waste

- Read the story about schools holding sports events
- Discuss the meaning of solid waste
- Identify types of solid waste likely generated during sports events
- Discuss what would happen if waste is dumped carelessly
- Share findings

What is solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to decomposable waste over time
- Show interest in management of decomposable waste

- Study pictures of decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens when banana peels or food leftovers are left in a covered container for a week
- Explain the process of decomposition
- Record observations

What happens to decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sort solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Place sorted waste in appropriate dustbins
- Appreciate the importance of sorting waste

- Identify and collect solid waste in the school compound with teacher guidance
- Observe safety measures during collection activities
- Sort the solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Put them in two separate dustbins
- List examples of decomposable and non-decomposable waste

Why is it important to sort solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found in homes
- Apply the 3Rs in managing home waste
- Appreciate responsible waste management at home

- Discuss types of solid waste found in homes
- Discuss how various types can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Discuss specific management for plastic/glass bottles, kitchen waste, vegetable waste, animal waste, and faulty electronics
- Record findings and share in a presentation

How can we manage different types of waste at home?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pictures of public events

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when handling solid waste
- Explain the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Show responsibility in observing safety measures

- Study pictures showing items used to handle various types of solid waste
- Identify safety measures when handling any type of solid waste
- Find out the meaning of PPE
- Discuss types of protective clothing and equipment used
- Record and share findings with classmates

What safety measures should we observe when handling solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Project planning
Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify steps for making items from waste
- Plan a project using waste materials
- Show creativity in planning a project

- Discuss steps for making items from waste materials
- Identify locally available materials for projects
- Plan for making a waste bin, toys, or ornaments
- Record project plans

How do we plan a project using waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials

- Observation - Planning assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments
Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Apply creativity in designing toys or ornaments
- Value the importance of recycling waste materials

- Study pictures showing toys made from locally available materials
- Study pictures showing how to make simple bracelets from plastic straws
- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Display completed items
- Share the creative process with classmates

How can we make toys or ornaments from waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted
- Distinguish between proper and improper water use
- Show concern for water wastage

- Study pictures showing water use
- Discuss whether water is being used properly in each picture
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Discuss consequences of water wastage

How is water wasted in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage in school
Water conservation - Water wastage at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted in school
- Explain consequences of water wastage in school
- Value responsible water use in school

- Study pictures showing water use in school
- Discuss whether water is being used well
- Brainstorm on consequences of not turning off taps
- Discuss appropriate use of sprinklers
- Suggest what to do when encountering damaged pipes
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of using water wisely
- Distinguish between wise and unwise water use
- Value proper water use practices

- Identify and discuss ways to use water wisely at home and school
- Complete a table showing whether different water uses are wise or wasteful
- Record and share findings with classmates

How can we use water wisely?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Chart showing different ways of using water
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)
Water conservation - Reducing water usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling water
- Identify ways of applying 3Rs in water conservation
- Show interest in water conservation using 3Rs

- Discuss the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling in water conservation
- Study pictures showing water conservation methods
- Answer questions about applying 3Rs to water conservation
- Complete a table categorizing conservation methods

How can we apply the 3Rs in water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reusing water
Water conservation - Recycling water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reusing water
- Apply water-reusing techniques in daily activities
- Appreciate the importance of reusing water

- Discuss the concept of reusing water
- Identify examples: using rinse water for mopping, using water from washing fruits/vegetables for garden watering
- Discuss other methods of reusing water
- Record and share findings

How can we reuse water in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Importance of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of water conservation
- Identify the benefits of conserving water
- Appreciate the value of water conservation

- Read a story about two villages during drought
- Discuss why water conservation is important
- Identify benefits of water conservation mentioned in the story
- Explore problems faced by villages that didn't conserve water
- Suggest solutions to water conservation problems

Why is it important to conserve water?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Responsible water use
Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice responsible water use
- Keep a record of water conservation practices
- Value responsible water use habits

- Keep a journal of ways in which they practice responsible water use
- Record observations at the end of every week
- Share experiences with other learners
- Exchange ideas on responsible water use habits
- Share ideas with family and community

How can we practice responsible water use in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials

- Observation - Journal assessment - Self-evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Meaning of force
Force and its Effect - Types of forces
Force and its Effect - Force of gravity
Force and its Effect - Force of friction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of force as a push or pull
- Identify situations where force is applied
- Appreciate the importance of force in day-to-day life

- Brainstorm on the meaning of the term force as used in science
- Move heavy objects in the classroom by pushing and pulling
- Discuss what is happening when people move objects by pushing or pulling
- Use print and non-print media to search for the meaning of the term force

How do we move heavy objects from one point to another?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 111
- Digital media
- Heavy objects for moving
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Digital resources
- Balls
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 114
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can change the shape of objects
- Identify objects whose shapes can be changed by force
- Appreciate the effects of force on objects

- Squeeze or crumple pieces of paper
- Observe and discuss what happens to the shape of the paper
- Record observations in notebooks
- Share findings with peers

What happens to a paper when you crumple it?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Balls
- Open space for activities
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Swings
- Hard surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can hold objects together
- Identify situations where force holds objects
- Show interest in learning how objects are held together

- Join pieces of wood with nails or glue under teacher guidance
- Try to pull apart the joined pieces
- Discuss what holds the two pieces together
- Observe safety measures when using tools

How is force applied to hold objects together?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of minimizing friction
- Demonstrate how smoothening surfaces reduces friction
- Value the importance of reducing friction

- Observe writing and sitting surfaces of desks
- Discuss why surfaces of rolling boards and pins are smoothened
- Give examples of surfaces that are smoothened to minimize friction

Why are the surfaces of the rolling board and pin smoothened?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- Sandpaper
- Wood planer
- Smooth and rough surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how rollers and ball bearings reduce friction
- Identify places where rollers and ball bearings are used
- Show interest in ways of reducing friction

- Pull loads on rough surfaces and with improvised rollers
- Discuss the use of rollers in daily life
- Observe and discuss how ball bearings work
- Record observations in notebooks

When is it easier to move a load?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- Rollers
- Pictures of ball bearings
- Heavy objects for demonstrations

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Light - Meaning of light
Light - Sources of light: Natural sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of light
- Describe the importance of light for seeing
- Appreciate the value of light in our lives

- Darken the classroom by closing windows and curtains
- Try to read what is written on the board in darkness
- Discuss observations and meaning of light
- Compare reading in dark versus well-lit rooms

Can you see clearly in a dark room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Pictures of light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial sources of light
- Classify different artificial light sources
- Value the importance of artificial light

- Identify artificial sources of light (bulbs, lamps, candles)
- Classify different types of artificial light sources
- Discuss common sources of light at home and school
- Record observations

What are some common sources of light in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of light sources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification exercises

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of translucent materials
- Describe how translucent roofs allow light to pass through
- Value the use of translucent materials in lighting

- Search for information on the meaning of translucent
- Discuss how translucent roofs allow light to pass through
- Observe pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Record observations

How does sunlight enter into the building through the roof?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial ways of lighting a house
- Describe various artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate the importance of proper lighting

- Observe and discuss different artificial lighting methods
- Identify common artificial lighting sources in homes
- Discuss safety measures when using artificial lighting
- Record observations

What are some artificial ways of lighting a house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of lighting methods
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures of solar panels
- Digital resources
- Solar powered devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Plants and light
Light - Uses of light: Safety and security

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how plants use light
- Describe the importance of light for plant growth
- Value the role of light in nature

- Observe pictures showing plants in light and darkness
- Discuss why plants need sunlight for healthy growth
- Search for information on how plants use light
- Record observations

Why do plants require sunlight for healthy growth?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Pictures of plants
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe good lighting for reading
- Explain how poor lighting affects eye health
- Value the importance of eye care

- Discuss why we strain our eyes in poorly lit rooms
- Explain why it's important to read in well-lit rooms
- Discuss eye care practices and the importance of reporting eye problems
- Record observations

Why do we strain our eyes when we try to read in a poorly-lit room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Communication
Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how light is used for communication
- Identify various light signals in daily life
- Appreciate the importance of light signals

- Discuss how traffic lights guide motorists and pedestrians
- Identify other light signals used for communication
- Observe pictures of traffic lights and other light signals
- Record observations

How is light used as a form of communication?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures of traffic lights
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Pictures of pests

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Daily activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe various applications of light in daily life
- Explain the importance of light in different contexts
- Value light as an essential resource

- Discuss various applications of light in day-to-day activities
- Sort sources of light into natural and artificial
- Describe affordable lighting options
- Complete diagrams on light sources and applications

Why is light important in day-to-day life?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Charts on light applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Summary and review
Heat - Meaning of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the various uses and applications of light
- Explain the importance of light in our lives
- Appreciate light as an essential resource

- Review all sources and applications of light
- Discuss the importance of light for vision and activities
- Complete assessment activities on light
- Share knowledge with peers

How does light affect our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Digital resources
- Assessment worksheets
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Sun
Heat - Sources of heat: Fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the sun as a source of heat
- Describe how solar energy is used as heat
- Appreciate the sun as a natural heat source

- Discuss the sun as a source of heat
- Explain how water can be warmed using sunlight
- Observe pictures of solar cookers
- Record observations

What does a solar cooker use as a source of energy?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Pictures of solar cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Pictures of fire sources
- Digital resources
- Samples of briquettes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Gas

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify gas as a source of heat
- Describe how gas produces heat
- Show awareness of safety when using gas

- Search for information on gas as a heat source
- Discuss how gas produces heat
- Learn about safety measures when using gas
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using gas as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Pictures of gas cylinders and cookers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Electricity
Heat - Uses of heat: Cooking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify electricity as a source of heat
- Describe electric heating appliances
- Value safety when using electrical appliances

- Search for information on electricity as a heat source
- Identify electrical appliances that produce heat
- Discuss safety precautions when using electrical appliances
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using electricity as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Pictures of electric cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Pictures of cooking activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Warming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how heat is used for warming
- Demonstrate ways of generating body heat
- Value heat as a source of warmth

- Discuss ways people keep warm (rubbing hands, sitting near fire)
- Observe pictures of people and animals keeping warm
- Identify various sources of warmth
- Record observations

Why do we rub our hands against each other during the cold season?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Pictures of warming activities
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Drying
Heat - Uses of heat: Ironing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how heat is used for drying
- Describe various drying applications
- Appreciate the importance of heat in preservation

- Observe the drying of clothes, crops, fish in the sun
- Discuss why drying is important for preservation
- Identify items that are dried using heat
- Record observations

Why are harvested crops such as grains dried in the sun?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of drying activities
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Pictures of different types of irons

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Safety measures when handling heat
Heat - Importance of heat in daily life
Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safety measures when handling heat
- Identify potential dangers of heat sources
- Value the importance of safety

- Search for information on safety measures when handling heat
- Discuss safe ways to handle hot items
- Identify protective gear for handling heat
- Record observations

Why is it important to observe safety measures when handling heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing safety practices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Pictures showing uses of heat
- Paper for patterns
- Fabric pieces
- Scissors
- Needles and thread

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments