Measurement

Time - Reading and telling time in a.m. and p.m.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Read and tell time in a.m. and p.m. in real life situations.
- Show interest in reading and telling time.

- In pairs, learners read and tell time in a.m. and p.m. using digital and analogue clocks.
-Learners practice identifying different times of the day.

How do we differentiate between a.m. and p.m.?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Analogue clocks
- Digital clocks
- Time charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Estimating time using a.m. and p.m.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Estimate time using a.m. and p.m. in real life situations.
- Appreciate estimating time.

- In groups, learners estimate time of the day using the shadow of a building or a tree that is in a convenient location.
-Learners practice estimating time based on different clues.

How do you estimate time?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 139
- Analogue clocks
- Digital clocks
- Objects that cast shadows

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Converting hours to minutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert hours to minutes in real life situations.
- Show interest in conversion of units of time.

- In groups, learners change hours to minutes in real life situations.
-Learners practice converting from hours to minutes.

Why do we need to convert between units of time?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Analogue clocks
- Digital clocks
- Time conversion charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Converting minutes to hours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert minutes to hours in real life situations.
- Appreciate conversion of units of time.

- In groups, learners change minutes to hours in real life situations.
-Learners practice converting from minutes to hours.

When would you convert minutes to hours?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Analogue clocks
- Digital clocks
- Time conversion charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Converting days into hours

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert days into hours in real life situations.
- Show interest in conversion between days and hours.

- In groups, learners change days to hours in real life situations.
-Learners practice converting from days to hours.

How many hours are there in a day?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Time conversion charts
- Calendars
- Number line

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Converting hours into days

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert hours into days in real life situations.
- Appreciate conversion between hours and days.

- In groups, learners change hours to days in real life situations.
-Learners practice converting from hours to days.

When would you convert hours to days?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Time conversion charts
- Calendars
- Number line

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Converting weeks into days
Time - Converting days into weeks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert weeks into days in real life situations.
- Show interest in conversion between weeks and days.

- In groups, learners change weeks to days in real life situations.
-Learners practice converting from weeks to days.

How many days are there in a week?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Time conversion charts
- Calendars
- Number line
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Recording time durations in hours and minutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Record time durations in hours and minutes in real life situations.
- Show interest in recording time durations.

- In groups, learners measure and record duration of events in hours and minutes using digital and analogue clocks.
-Learners practice recording time taken to complete various activities.

Why do we need to record time durations?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 146
- Stopwatch
- Digital watches
- Analogue clocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Addition of units of time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out addition involving units of time in real life situations.
- Appreciate addition of time durations.

- In groups, learners work out addition involving units of time in real life situations.
-Learners practice solving problems involving addition of time.

When do we need to add time in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Clocks
- Number cards
- Place value charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Subtraction of units of time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out subtraction involving units of time in real life situations.
- Show interest in subtraction of time durations.

- In groups, learners work out subtraction involving units of time in real life situations.
-Learners practice solving problems involving subtraction of time.

When do we need to subtract time in real life?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Clocks
- Number cards
- Place value charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Time - Using digital clock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use digital clock to tell and record time of different activities.
- Appreciate time in day to day activities.

- In groups, learners discuss, tell and record time using electronic clock.
-Learners practice reading and using digital clocks.

What are the advantages of digital clocks?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 150
- Digital clocks
- Electronic watches
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Money - Converting shillings into cents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert shillings into cents in different contexts.
- Show interest in conversion between units of money.

- Learners in pairs/groups discuss and convert shillings into cents using real/imitation money in different contexts.
-Learners practice converting from shillings to cents.

Why do we need to convert between shillings and cents?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151
- Real/imitation money
- Conversion charts
- Number cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Money - Converting cents into shillings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert cents into shillings in different contexts.
- Appreciate conversion between units of money.

- Learners in pairs/groups discuss and convert cents into shillings using real/imitation money in different contexts.
-Learners practice converting from cents to shillings.

When would you convert cents to shillings?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 152
- Real/imitation money
- Conversion charts
- Number cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Money - Preparing a shopping list of three items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare a shopping list of three items in real life situation.
- Show interest in preparing shopping lists.

- Learners in pairs/groups are guided on how to come up with a shopping list of food items that they may require at school or at home.
-Learners practice creating shopping lists for different occasions.

Why do we prepare shopping list?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Price lists
- Shopping catalogs
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Money - Working out total cost of items

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out total cost of items in the shopping list for value not more ten thousand shillings.
- Appreciate using money in day to day activities.

- Learners in groups/individually calculate the total cost of items in the shopping list.
-Learners practice calculating total cost of different combinations of items.

How do we calculate the total cost of items?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Price lists
- Shopping catalogs
- Calculator

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement

Money - Preparing a class model shop

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare a class model shop for shopping activities.
- Show interest in shopping activities.

- Learners in groups are guided to come up with a class or school model shop and role play shopping activities as buyers and shopkeepers.
-Learners practice arranging items in the shop according to their type.

How do shops organize their items?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Empty containers
- Price tags
- Imitation money

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Measurement
GEOMETRY

Money - Role playing shopping activities
Position and Direction - Clockwise and anti-clockwise turns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Role play as a buyer and seller in a shopping activity.
- Appreciate the use of money in real life situation.

- Learners take video clips of their groups as they role shopping activities.
-Learners practice being buyers and sellers in shopping role plays.

Why is it important to learn about shopping?

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Class model shop
- Imitation money
- Digital devices
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Clock faces
- Digital devices for digital games

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

GEOMETRY

Position and Direction - Clockwise and anti-clockwise turns
Position and Direction - Quarter, half and full turns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you change your position?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify an anti-clockwise turn in the environment
- Demonstrate an anti-clockwise turn in the environment
- Appreciate the use of turns in daily life

- Learners stand in a circle and take turns to move in anti-clockwise direction - Learners practice making anti-clockwise turns from different positions in the classroom - In groups, learners move from their desks to the door while making anti-clockwise turns - Learners identify daily activities involving anti-clockwise turns

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Clock faces
- Digital devices for digital games
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 157

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

GEOMETRY

Position and Direction - Quarter, half and full turns
Angles - Angles at points in lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you change your position?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify half and full turns in the environment
- Demonstrate half and full turns in both directions
- Appreciate the relationship between quarter, half and full turns

- Learners stand on a straight line and turn to face the opposite direction (half turn) - In groups, learners make half turns while facing different directions - Learners stand on a straight line and make a full turn until they face the same direction - Learners identify the relationship between quarter, half and full turns - Learners play digital games involving position and direction

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Clock faces
- Digital devices for digital games
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pencils, rulers
- Angle representations
- Charts showing angles

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

GEOMETRY

Angles - Angles from objects
Angles - Relating turns to angles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How do we use angles in daily life?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify angles from objects in the environment
- Make angles by manipulating objects
- Develop interest in identifying angles in the environment

- Learners make angles by opening books and folding pieces of paper - In groups, learners explore and identify angles from objects such as cubes and cuboids in the environment - Learners turn arms to make angles and observe the angles formed - Learners identify angles in doors, windows and other classroom objects

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Books, paper
- Cubes, cuboids
- Angle charts
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Rulers
- Books, doors
- Digital devices
- Angle representations

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

GEOMETRY

Angles - Relating turns to angles
Plane Figures - Identifying shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How do we use angles in daily life?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Relate clockwise half turns to angles
- Use digital devices to learn about angles
- Appreciate the use of angles in real life situations

- Learners practice making half turns and relate them to angles formed - In groups, learners use digital devices to play games involving angles - Learners identify angles in the environment and classify them based on turns - Learners draw angles formed by half turns

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Digital devices
- Angle charts
- Clock faces
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 163
- Shape cut-outs
- Objects of different shapes
- Pictures showing shapes

- Observation - Written assessment - Oral questions

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Identifying shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify triangles, circles and ovals from objects in the environment
- Draw shapes of triangles, circles and ovals
- Develop creativity in drawing shapes

- In groups, learners trace shapes of objects like matchboxes, circular tins, cups, coins on paper - Learners sketch shapes of triangles, circles and ovals in their books - Learners trace and draw objects with specific shapes - Learners identify and classify objects based on their shapes

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 164
- Objects of different shapes
- Paper for tracing
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Project work

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Lines of symmetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify lines of symmetry in rectangles and squares
- Fold shapes to find lines of symmetry
- Appreciate symmetry in shapes

- Learners take rectangular cut-outs and fold along both longer and shorter sides to identify lines of symmetry - Learners take square cut-outs and fold in different ways to identify the four lines of symmetry - Learners trace the square base of different objects, cut them out and fold to obtain lines of symmetry - Learners trace rectangular sides of boxes, cut them out and fold to obtain lines of symmetry

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Rectangular and square cut-outs
- Objects with rectangular and square faces
- Paper, scissors

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Lines of symmetry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify lines of symmetry in triangles, circles and ovals
- Fold shapes to find lines of symmetry
- Show curiosity in finding lines of symmetry

- Learners take triangular cut-outs with equal sides and fold to identify the three lines of symmetry - Learners use triangles with two equal sides to identify one line of symmetry - Learners use triangles with unequal sides to observe no line of symmetry - Learners fold circular and oval cut-outs to identify lines of symmetry - Learners discuss and share findings about the number of lines of symmetry in different shapes

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 166
- Triangular, circular and oval cut-outs
- Paper, scissors
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written exercises

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Making patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make patterns using squares and rectangles
- Create original patterns using shapes
- Show creativity in making patterns

- In groups, learners obtain cut-outs in the shapes of squares and rectangles - Learners use the cut-outs to make different patterns - Learners copy, complete and color patterns provided - Learners create their own patterns using squares and rectangles - Learners display and discuss patterns created by different groups

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 167
- Shape cut-outs
- Coloring materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Project work - Peer assessment

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Making patterns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make patterns using triangles
- Create original patterns combining different shapes
- Appreciate the beauty of patterns in the environment

- Learners obtain triangle cut-outs of different sizes - Learners use the triangle cut-outs to make different patterns - Learners create patterns combining squares, rectangles and triangles - Learners copy, complete and color patterns provided - Learners use digital devices to learn about plane figures and make patterns

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 167
- Triangle cut-outs
- Coloring materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Project work - Peer assessment

GEOMETRY

Plane Figures - Properties of shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify properties of squares and rectangles
- Measure sides of shapes to determine their properties
- Appreciate the differences between shapes

- Learners measure sides of squares and compare lengths to establish that all sides are equal - Learners compare angles in squares using a right-angled corner to establish that all angles are equal - Learners measure sides of rectangles to establish that opposite sides are equal - Learners compare angles in rectangles to establish that all angles are equal - Learners identify and discuss the properties of squares and rectangles

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 168
- Squares and rectangles of different sizes
- Rulers
- Right-angled corners

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment

GEOMETRY
DATA HANDLING

Plane Figures - Properties of shapes
Data - Materials for data collection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you make patterns using shapes?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify properties of different types of triangles
- Measure sides of triangles to determine their properties
- Show interest in properties of triangles

- Learners measure sides of triangles with three equal sides to establish that they are equal - Learners measure sides of triangles with two equal sides - Learners measure sides of triangles with unequal sides - Learners identify and discuss the properties of different types of triangles - Learners trace circular objects to obtain circles of different sizes and discuss their properties

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 169
- Triangles of different types
- Rulers
- Circular objects
KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 171
- Tape measures
- Weighing scales
- Thermometers
- Exercise books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment

DATA HANDLING

Data - Collecting data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Collect data of at most 10 items within the school environment
- Organize collected data systematically
- Appreciate the importance of data collection

- In groups of 10, learners write their favorite fruits on cards - Learners collect the cards and arrange them according to the type of fruit - In groups, learners collect information on the number of family members for each learner - Learners collect data on shoe sizes, favorite foods, games, and colors - Learners measure and record the height of each learner in centimeters

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 171
- Cards
- Pencils
- Tape measure
- Rulers

- Observation - Practical activities - Written assignments

DATA HANDLING

Data - Organizing data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Arrange collected data in ascending order
- Organize data systematically
- Develop a sense of order in handling data

- Learners write the ages of every class member - In groups, learners arrange the ages in ascending order - Learners organize data on favorite colors, drinks, heights, years of birth, and family members in ascending order - Learners discuss the importance of organizing data - Learners share organized data with other groups

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 172
- Data collected from previous lesson
- Charts
- Exercise books

- Observation - Written exercises - Oral questions

DATA HANDLING

Data - Drawing tables for recording data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw a table for recording data
- Understand the structure of data tables
- Show interest in organizing data in tables

- In groups of 10, learners write their favorite colors on cards - Learners collect all the cards and sort them by color - Learners count the number of cards for each color - Learners draw tables with appropriate columns for recording the data - Learners discuss the importance of tables in organizing data

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 173
- Cards
- Exercise books
- Rulers
- Pencils

- Observation - Written exercises - Oral questions

DATA HANDLING

Data - Recording data in tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record data in tables
- Enter collected data correctly in tables
- Value accuracy in data recording

- Learners use tables to record data from science test scores - Learners record data about favorite colors, games, and beverages in tables - Learners create tables showing information and number of learners - Learners discuss and display their tables to the class - Learners use digital devices to create tables

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 174
- Exercise books
- Rulers
- Data collected previously
- Digital devices

- Observation - Written assignments - Project work

DATA HANDLING

Data - Recording data using tally marks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use tally marks to record data
- Create tables with tally mark columns
- Show interest in using tally marks

- Learners learn how to use tally marks to represent the number of times something appears - Learners measure heights of group members and record using tally marks - Learners use tally marks to record data on shoe sizes, pencil lengths, and grades - Learners discuss the convenience of using tally marks in data recording - Learners convert tally marks to numerical values

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 174
- Exercise books
- Rulers
- Tape measures
- Data collected previously

- Observation - Written exercises - Oral questions

DATA HANDLING

Data - Recording data in tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Record data in complete tables with tally marks
- Count tally marks and record corresponding numbers
- Appreciate the importance of accurate data recording

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KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 175
- Exercise books
- Rulers
- Tape measures
- Previously collected data

- Observation - Written assignments - Project work

DATA HANDLING

Data - Interpreting data from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
How can you represent data?

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Interpret raw data from tables
- Answer questions based on tabulated data
- Appreciate the value of data interpretation

- Learners study tables showing ball games played by different learners - Learners answer questions about which game had the highest/lowest number of learners - Learners interpret tables showing mass in kilograms, coin values, and learner absences - Learners create and interpret their own tables about school bags and other items - Learners discuss the importance of data interpretation in real life

KLB Mathematics Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 176
- Tables with data
- Exercise books
- Digital devices
- Previously created tables

- Observation - Written exercises - Oral questions