FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.

chart,text book
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.

Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.




Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book,chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 75-76
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.

Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.

chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction. Barter trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 91-94

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction. Barter trade.
Money system Characteristics of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.


State characteristics of money.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Brainstorming and superficial discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 91-94
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain major functions of money.

Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 96-97

MONEY & BANKING

Demand for money (liquidity preference)
Supply of money. Banking System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term demand for money.

Explain the motives that influence the desire to keep money instead of other assets.

Q/A: review the term demand.

Exposition and probing questions.

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 97-99

MONEY & BANKING

Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline a brief history on development of banking.

Identify methods employed by commercial banks to generate profits.
Identify services offered by commercial banks.

Exposition and probing questions;
Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 101-103

MONEY & BANKING

Services offered by commercial banks.
Non-banking financial institutions.
Functions of the Central bank.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe other services offered by commercial banks.
Identify objectives and functions of the Central Bank.

Discussion on lending money, safekeeping of valuable items, money transfer facilities, e.g. standing order, cheques, savings and current accounts, time deposits.


Exposition of new ideas;
Guided discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 103-9
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 113-8

MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE

Trends in banking.
Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

chart,text book
Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 118-121

PUBLIC FINANCE

External borrowing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between reproductive debt and dead weight debt.
Identify types of govt?s expenditure.

Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 127-8

PUBLIC FINANCE

Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.
Taxation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between recurrent and development expenditure.
Outline principles of public expenditure.

Exposition & discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 129-130

PUBLIC FINANCE

Principles of taxation.
Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain basic principles of taxation.
Differentiate between impact and incidence of tax.

Classify taxes according to structure.
State merits and demerits of taxing people according to structure.

Exposition of new ideas;
Give examples and explanations.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. pg 132-3
Pg. 133-4

PUBLIC FINANCE

Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of Indirect tax.

Q/A and guided discussion.

text book

Pg. 138-141

PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION

Topic summary / review
Introduction Consumer Price index

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Tackle review question,

Problem solving.Revision;

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 142-144

INFLATION

Simple and weighted price relatives.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.

Guided computations.

Supervised practice.

Price relative tables.

Pg. 147

INFLATION

Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.
Causes of cost- pull inflation.
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
outline types of inflation.



Explain the term demand-pull inflation.
Explain causes of demand ?pull inflation.
Highlight various levels of inflation.
Outline positive and negative effects of inflation.

Teacher exposes new concepts related to inflation types.

Expository and descriptive approaches.

Probing questions;
Discussion..

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 147-8


Pg. 149-150
Pg. 152-3,

154-6

INFLATION
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Controlling inflation.
Types of International Trade. Advantages and disadvantages of International Trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some policies adopted by the govt to reduce or control inflation.

Discussion on: control of money supply, control of demand, cost control.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 156-8

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Terms of International Trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept terms of International Trade.
Distinguish favourable trade from unfavourable terms of trade.

Probing questions, brief discussion.

text book

Pg. 164-6

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Terms of trade among different countries.
Balance of Payments. (Current A/C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for differences in terms of terms of trade among nations.

Probing questions and guided discussion.

newspaper
text book

Pg. 167-8

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Balance of Payments. (Capital A/C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of transactions that affect the Capital A/C.

Q/A: review types of capital.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.

newspaper

Pg. 169-170

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Balance of Payments. (Capital A/C)
Overall Balance of Payments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of transactions that affect the Capital A/C.
Determine the overall balance of payments.

Q/A: review types of capital.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.


Q/A: review current A/C and capital A/C.
Illustrative examples.
Assignment.

newspaper

Pg. 169-170
Pg. 170

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The Official Settlement A/C.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the Official Settlement A/C.

Guided brief discussion.

text book

Pg. 171

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Disequilibrium of Balance of payments. Correction of balance of payment disequilibrium.
Terms of sale in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify causes of Disequilibrium of Balance of payments.

Outline methods of correcting of balance of payment disequilibrium.

Exposition of new concepts & explanations;
Discussion.

text book

Pg. 172-5

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Documents used in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major documents used in international trade.

Give examples of relevant documents.
Give examples of relevant documents.

text book

Pg. 176-7

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Documents used in international trade.
IMF, ADF and World bank.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major documents used in international trade.
State objectives of IMF, ADF and World bank..
Trace a background to the growth of specific
development funds.

Give examples of relevant documents.
Give examples of relevant documents.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 176-7
Pg. 179-180

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Forms & importance of economic integration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration.
Identify forms of economic integration.
Outline forms of economic integration.
Analyze importance of economic integration.
Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of free trade.

Q/A review relevant terms.
Probing questions
& guided discussion.

newspaper

Pg. 182-5

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for trade restrictions.
Outline methods of trade restriction.

Q/A & guided discovery.

newspaper

Pg. 185-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.

Q/A & exposition.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.

Q/A & exposition.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.

Q/A & exposition.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.

Q/A & exposition.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.

Exposition of new concepts.

text book

Pg 187-8

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Trends in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyse some current trends in international trade.

Probing questions and brief discussion on EPZ, liberalization e-trade &website.

text book

Pg 188-9

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic growth of a country.
Identify structural changes that may accompany economic development.

Guided discussion & oral questions.

newspaper

Pg 195-6

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Underdevelopment.
Factors for underdevelopment.
Development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify characteristics of under - development
Highlight some factors that impede development.

Brainstorming, questioning & discussion.
Q/A guided discussion.

text book

Pg 197-199
Pg. 200-2

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Problems encountered in development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State problems encountered in development planning.

Probing questions /guided discussion.
Quiz.

text book

Pg. 204-6