Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define change of state of matter
- Identify different states of matter
- Show interest in changes of state of matter

- Study the narrative about Caleb's observations when heating ice cubes
- Discuss the changes observed as the ice melts and evaporates
- Brainstorm on the meaning of change of state of matter
- Identify the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas)

How does matter change from one state to another?

New planet Science & Technology pg. 43
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing different states of matter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Change of state - Changes of state of matter
Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify changes of state when substances are heated
- Describe the process of melting
- Show curiosity about changes of state

- Observe a candle in its solid state
- Light the candle and observe what happens
- Discuss the change from solid to liquid state
- Record observations in notebooks
- Define melting as change from solid to liquid

What happens when solid substances are heated?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 45
- Candles
- Matchsticks
- Aluminum foil
- Safety equipment
- Water
- Sufuria
- Heat source

- Observation - Practical skills - Oral questions

Matter

Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of sublimation
- Observe direct change from solid to gas
- Apply safety measures when conducting experiments

- Observe mothballs in solid state
- Heat mothballs in a beaker with a lid
- Observe what happens to the mothballs
- Discuss the direct change from solid to gas
- Define sublimation

What is sublimation and which substances show this property?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 47
- Mothballs
- Beaker with lid
- Heat source
- Safety equipment
- New planet Science & Technology pg. 48
- Pan with lid
- Water
- New planet Science & Technology pg. 49
- Candles
- Cooking fat
- Spoon

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Written records

Matter

Change of state - Demonstrating change of state of matter
Change of state - Application of change of state of matter
Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of deposition
- Observe change from gas to solid
- Show interest in scientific phenomena

- Set up an experiment with mothballs, a plastic cup, and ice cubes
- Observe what happens to the vapor from mothballs when it contacts cold surface
- Discuss the direct change from gas to solid
- Define deposition

How can a gas change directly to a solid?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 49
- Mothballs
- Clear plastic cup
- Ice cubes
- Safety equipment
- New planet Science & Technology pg. 51
- Pictures showing applications of state change
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- New planet Science & Technology pg. 53
- Writing materials

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Written records

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make candles using waste candle wax
- Apply knowledge of melting and freezing
- Show creativity in reusing materials

- Collect waste candle wax
- Melt the wax safely using appropriate equipment
- Insert a wick in a small narrow bottle
- Pour melted wax into the bottle
- Allow wax to cool and harden
- Trim the wick

How can we apply our knowledge of state change to make useful items?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 54
- Waste candle wax
- Wicks/string
- Small narrow bottles
- Melting container
- Safety equipment

- Project assessment - Practical skills - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Application of change of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Repair broken plastic containers
- Apply knowledge of melting and freezing
- Practice safety when working with heat

- Prepare a broken plastic container for repair
- Place a metal plate on a heated source
- Use the hot plate to fuse broken edges together
- Allow the plastic to cool completely
- Follow safety precautions throughout the process

How can we use the principle of melting to repair plastic items?

- New planetScience & Technology pg. 55
- Broken plastic containers
- Metal plate
- Heat source
- Safety equipment (gloves, masks, goggles)

- Project assessment - Practical skills - Observation

Matter

Change of state - Home application project
Change of state - Uses of changes of state of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of heating and cooling at home
- Explain how state changes are used in household activities
- Value the application of scientific knowledge in daily life

- Find out how heating and cooling are used in various activities at home
- Record findings in notebooks
- Discuss how heating and cooling are important in these activities
- Prepare a class presentation on findings

How do we use heating and cooling processes at home?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 56
- Notebooks
- Writing materials
- Digital devices (if available)
- Chart paper

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Change of state - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different changes of state
- Match change processes with state transitions
- Apply knowledge of state changes to answer questions

- Review the different changes of state learned
- Complete assessment activities on changes of state
- Match change processes with state transitions
- Discuss answers with classmates

What are the different ways matter can change from one state to another?

- New  planet Science & Technology pg. 56
- Assessment worksheets
- Writing materials
- Reference materials

- Written assessment - Matching exercises - Oral questions

Matter

Change of state - Self-assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate their understanding of changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and improvement
- Show reflection on their learning

- Complete self-assessment exercises on changes of state
- Identify areas of strength and weakness
- Discuss with peers areas needing improvement
- Create a plan for improving understanding

How well do I understand the changes of state of matter?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 56
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Writing materials
- Reference materials

- Self-assessment - Peer assessment - Reflective writing

Matter

Composition of air - Composition of air in the atmosphere

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the components of air
- Recognize the importance of air for living things
- Show interest in learning about air

- Discuss the importance of air for living things
- Study a chart showing the components of air
- Identify the different components represented by different colors
- Discuss the relative proportions of different gases in air

What are the components of air?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 57
- Chart showing components of air
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- SUPERMINDS Science & Technology pg. 58
- Chart paper
- Colored pencils

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Composition of air - The presence of oxygen in the air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air
- Conduct an experiment to show that oxygen supports burning
- Show curiosity in investigating air components

- Set up an experiment with a candle, water, and a glass jar
- Light the candle and cover it with the jar
- Observe what happens to the candle and water level
- Discuss why the candle goes out and water rises in the jar
- Conclude that oxygen in air supports burning

How can we demonstrate the presence of oxygen in air?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 58
- Candle
- Glass jar
- Water
- Beaker
- Matchbox

- Practical demonstration - Observation - Oral questions

Matter

Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline uses of oxygen in nature
- Explain how living things use oxygen
- Appreciate the importance of oxygen for life

- Use digital devices to search for uses of different components of air
- Discuss and write down uses of oxygen in nature
- Explore how humans and animals use oxygen for respiration
- Discuss how oxygen supports burning

What are the uses of oxygen in nature?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of oxygen

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Uses of the different components of air

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explain the importance of carbon (IV) oxide for plants
- Show interest in learning about air components

- Discuss and write down uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature
- Explore how plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
- Discuss how carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers
- Investigate other uses of carbon dioxide in beverages

What are the uses of carbon (IV) oxide in nature?

- New  planet Science & Technology pg. 60
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Pictures showing uses of carbon dioxide
New  planet  Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing uses of nitrogen and other gases

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define air pollution
- Identify causes of air pollution
- Show concern for air quality

- Study pictures showing air pollution events
- Discuss causes of air pollution shown in the pictures
- Use digital devices to search for the meaning of air pollution
- Brainstorm on the meaning of air pollution

What is air pollution and what causes it?

New planet Science & Technology pg. 61
- Pictures showing air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Composition of air - Air pollutants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common air pollutants
- Describe sources of air pollutants
- Show concern for preventing air pollution

- Study pictures showing sources of air pollution
- Identify and name air pollutants
- Discuss how human activities cause air pollution
- Discuss natural sources of air pollution

What are the common air pollutants in our environment?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 62
- Pictures showing air pollutants
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of air pollution on human health
- Describe how air pollution affects plants
- Show concern for the effects of air pollution

- Discuss how someone would feel when breathing in smoke or dust
- Study pictures showing effects of air pollution on plants
- Discuss the effects of air pollution on health and environment
- Share personal experiences related to air pollution

How does air pollution affect the environment?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 64
- Pictures showing effects of air pollution
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- New planet Science & Technology pg. 65
- Dictionary
- Chart paper

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Effects of air pollution on the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe effects of air pollution in the local environment
- Record observations of air pollution effects
- Show concern for air quality in the community

- Take a walk around the school environment with teacher guidance
- Observe signs of air pollution
- Record effects such as breathing problems, eye irritation, poor visibility, and plant damage
- Discuss observations with classmates

What effects of air pollution can we observe in our environment?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 65
- Notebook
- Writing materials
- Digital cameras (if available)

- Field observations - Written records - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of reducing air pollution
- Search for information on pollution reduction
- Value clean air in the environment

- Use digital devices to search for methods of reducing air pollution
- Discuss and write down methods of reducing air pollution
- Explore personal actions that can reduce air pollution
- Share findings with classmates

How can we reduce air pollution in our environment?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 66
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Notebook
- Writing materials

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain proper waste disposal as a method of reducing air pollution
- Discuss the Dandora dumpsite case
- Show responsibility for proper waste disposal

- Study picture of the Dandora dumpsite in Nairobi
- Discuss the air quality and smell at the dump site
- Share experiences related to the dumpsite
- Discuss proper waste disposal methods

Why is proper waste disposal important for air quality?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 68
- Picture of Dandora dumpsite
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
-New planet Science & Technology pg. 69
- Pictures of ventilation systems

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how VIP latrines help reduce air pollution
- Identify components of a VIP latrine
- Value proper sanitation for health

- Study picture of a Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine
- Identify and discuss the ventilation pipe and wire mesh
- Explain how VIP latrines reduce odors and improve air quality
- Discuss hygienic practices after using toilets

How do VIP latrines help reduce air pollution?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 70
- Picture of VIP latrine
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Oral presentations - Written work - Observation

Matter

Composition of air - Methods of reducing air pollution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain tree planting as a method of reducing air pollution
- Describe how trees clean the air
- Show interest in environmental conservation

- Study picture showing children planting trees
- Discuss how trees clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide
- Explain how trees trap dust particles
- Discuss the importance of tree planting for air quality

How do trees help reduce air pollution?

-New planet Science & Technology pg. 71
- Picture of tree planting
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Oral presentations - Written work - Group discussions

Matter

Composition of air - Safety precautions when working in an air polluted environment
Composition of air - Community engagement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety equipment for air-polluted environments
- Demonstrate proper use of safety equipment
- Value safety in polluted environments

- Identify safety equipment for air-polluted environments (masks, goggles)
- Demonstrate proper use of safety equipment
- Discuss situations requiring safety equipment
- Explain the importance of safety precautions

What safety precautions should we take in air polluted environments?

- New planet Science & Technology pg. 71
- Safety equipment (goggles, masks, gloves)
- Pictures of safety equipment
- Digital devices
-New planet Science & Technology pg. 72
- Manila papers
- Colored markers
- Writing materials

- Demonstration - Observation - Oral questions

Matter

Composition of air - Assessment and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recite a poem about air quality
- Reflect on the importance of clean air
- Show commitment to maintaining clean air

- Recite a poem about air and its importance
- Discuss the message in the poem
- Reflect on personal responsibility for air quality
- Complete self-assessment on composition of air

Why should we care about maintaining clean air?

New planet Science & Technology pg. 73
- Poem about air
- Self-assessment worksheets
- Writing materials

- Recitation assessment - Reflective writing - Self-assessment

Force and Energy

Light - Movement of light
Light - Movement of light through materials
Light - Movement of light through materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light travels
- Demonstrate how light travels in a straight line
- Appreciate the importance of light in seeing objects

- Brainstorm on sources of light
- Carry out activities to demonstrate that light travels in a straight line using cardboards with holes
- Discuss how light travels from sources such as a lamp, the sun and car headlamps

How does light travel?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 75
- Torch
- Cardboards
- String
- Nail
- Candle
New planet Science and Technology pg. 77
- Clear glass
- Digital devices
New planet Science and Technology pg. 78
- Wax paper

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Light - Movement of light through materials
Light - Reflection of light on plane mirrors
Light - Reflection of light on plane mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the movement of light through opaque materials
- Identify various opaque materials in the environment
- Appreciate the importance of opaque materials in daily life

- Carry out activities to demonstrate the movement of light through opaque materials like wood, metal sheets, and textbooks
- Record and share observations with peers
- Use digital devices to find other examples of opaque materials

Why can't light pass through some materials?

New  planet Science and Technology pg. 79
- Torch
- Block of wood
- Metal sheet
- New planet Science and Technology pg. 81
- Mirror
New planet  Science and Technology pg. 82
- Ball
- Plane mirror
- Torch/Sun
- Wall

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Light - Formation of shadows

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the formation of shadows
- Demonstrate the formation of shadows
- Value the role of shadows in understanding light properties

- Demonstrate the formation of shadows using a torch and opaque objects
- Discuss what a shadow is and how it forms
- Create various shadow shapes using their fingers in the path of light

How are shadows formed?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 85
- Torch
- Opaque objects Science and Technology pg. 86
- Various objects
- Screen/wall

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Formation of rainbows
Light - Formation of eclipses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the formation of rainbows in nature
- Identify the colors in a rainbow
- Show curiosity in natural phenomena like rainbows

- Study pictures of rainbows and identify visible colors
- Share experiences of seeing rainbows
- Use digital devices to search for information on rainbow formation

How are rainbows formed in nature?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 88
- Digital devices
- Pictures of rainbows
New planet Science and Technology pg. 90
- Pictures of eclipses

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Image formation on plane mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how images form on plane mirrors
- Identify characteristics of images formed on plane mirrors
- Appreciate the practical applications of image formation

- Place a lighted candle in front of a plane mirror and observe the image formed
- Discuss the characteristics of the image
- Record and share observations

How do mirrors form images?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 93
- Plane mirror
- Candle
- Matchbox

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Image formation on plane mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Investigate the characteristics of images formed on plane mirrors
- Explain the relationship between object distance and image distance in plane mirrors
- Show curiosity in exploring image formation

- Conduct experiments to demonstrate that images in plane mirrors appear as far behind the mirror as the object is in front
- Measure and compare object and image distances
- Record and discuss findings

What is the relationship between object distance and image distance in a mirror?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 95
- Plane mirror
- Ruler
- Various objects

- Observation - Practical activity - Written work

Force and Energy

Light - Ray diagrams of images plane mirrors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw ray diagrams of images formed on plane mirrors
- Explain how ray diagrams help understand image formation
- Show interest in using diagrams to represent scientific concepts

- Use digital devices to search for information on ray diagrams
- Draw ray diagrams showing image formation in plane mirrors
- Discuss the steps in constructing ray diagrams

How do ray diagrams help us understand image formation?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 98
- Digital devices
- Drawing material 
- Plane mirrors

- Observation - Drawing activity - Written work

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of movement of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of movement of light through different media
- Explain how light principles are used in everyday devices
- Appreciate the importance of light applications in daily life

- Study and discuss pictures showing applications of light principles (mirrors, periscopes, magnifying glasses, etc.)
- Identify the types of media that light moves through in these applications
- Discuss how these applications make use of light properties

How is the movement of light applied in everyday life?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 101
- Digital devices
- Pictures of optical devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of movement of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a functional periscope using locally available materials
- Explain how a periscope works
- Show creativity in making optical devices

- Follow procedure to make a functional periscope using milk cartons, mirrors, and other materials
- Test the periscope and discuss how it works
- Explain the principles of light reflection used in periscopes

How does a periscope work?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 105
- Empty milk cartons
- Rectangular mirrors
- Cardboard cutter
- Tape
- Ruler
- Scissors

- Observation - Project work - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Examples of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common levers used in day to day life
- Demonstrate the use of common levers
- Appreciate the role of levers in making work easier

- Visit a playground to identify and play on a see-saw
- Demonstrate the use of simple items like bottle openers, scissors, spoons, and spades
- Discuss how these items make work easier

What are common examples of levers?

New planet  Science and Technology pg. 109
- Digital devices
- Hammer
- Nails
- Wood

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Examples of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify various tools and equipment as levers
- Explain how levers make work easier
- Show curiosity in identifying levers in the environment

- Study and identify levers from provided pictures
- Classify the pictures as levers or non-levers
- Discuss how the identified levers make work easier

What makes a tool a lever?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 110
- Pictures of various tools
- Real tools when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the parts of a lever
- Explain the function of each part of a lever
- Appreciate how the arrangement of lever parts contributes to their function

- Study a see-saw to identify its parts
- Discuss the roles of each part (effort, load, fulcrum)
- Relate the parts of a see-saw to general lever parts

What are the main parts of a lever?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 111
- See-saw
- Pictures of levers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Parts of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of various common levers
- Label parts of levers correctly
- Show interest in analyzing the structure of levers

- Study pictures showing parts of levers
- Identify and label the load, fulcrum and effort in various levers
- Compare how parts are arranged in different levers

How are parts of a lever arranged?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 112
- Pictures of levers New planet Science and Technology pg. 113
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Labeling activity

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of first class levers
- Give examples of first class levers
- Show curiosity in understanding lever classification

- Remove nails using a hammer to demonstrate a first class lever
- Discuss the position of the fulcrum, effort, and load in the hammer
- Draw diagrams showing the arrangement of parts in first class levers

How are levers classified?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 114
- Hammer
- Nail
- Wood
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of second class levers
- Give examples of second class levers
- Appreciate the different classes of levers

- Open a bottle using a bottle opener to demonstrate a second class lever
- Discuss the position of the fulcrum, effort, and load in the bottle opener
- Draw diagrams showing the arrangement of parts in second class levers

What makes a lever second class?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 115
- Bottle opener
- Bottle of soda
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Practical activity - Drawing activity

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Classification of levers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify characteristics of third class levers
- Give examples of third class levers
- Show interest in the variety of levers in the environment

- Scoop sand using a spade to demonstrate a third class lever
- Discuss the position of the fulcrum, effort, and load in the spade
- Draw diagrams showing the arrangement of parts in third class levers

What makes a lever third class?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 116
- Spade
- Sand
- Drawing materials New planet science and Technology pg. 118
- Digital devices
- Various levers
- Chart paper

- Observation - Practical activity - Drawing activity

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the uses of levers in day-to-day life
- Demonstrate how levers make work easier
- Value the importance of levers in daily activities

- Study pictures showing people using common levers as simple machines
- Identify the lever in each picture and state its class
- Discuss how the levers are used to make work easier
- Demonstrate how to use the levers correctly

How do levers help us in daily life?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 119
- Various levers (hole punch, pliers, scissors, etc.)
- Pictures of levers in use

- Observation - Practical demonstration - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use levers to perform specific tasks
- Make a beam balance from locally available materials
- Show creativity in applying lever principles

- Make a beam balance using provided materials (nails, wooden ruler, small boards, etc.)
- Test the beam balance by weighing different objects
- Discuss how the beam balance demonstrates lever principles

How can we create our own levers?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 120
- Small nails
- Wooden ruler
- Small boards
- Binding wires
- Plastic containers

- Observation - Project work - Practical testing

Force and Energy

Levers as simple machines - Uses of levers in day-to-day life
Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and classify levers in the home environment
- Explain how different levers help with household tasks
- Appreciate the role of levers in simplifying daily tasks

- Make a list of simple machines in their homes
- Classify the identified household levers into the three classes
- Explain to classmates how these levers make work easier at home

What levers do we use at home?

SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 122
- Pictures of household levers
- Real household levers when available
SUPERMINDS Science and Technology pg. 123
- Pictures of various slopes
- Real slopes in the school compound

- Observation - List creation task - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Types of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how slopes make work easier
- Compare direct lifting to using an inclined plane
- Appreciate the mechanical advantage of using slopes

- Try to lift a tyre directly onto a raised platform
- Use a wooden board as a ramp to move the tyre onto the platform
- Compare the effort required in both methods
- Discuss how the inclined plane (slope) reduces the effort needed

How do slopes reduce the effort needed?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 124
- Raised platform
- Tyre
- Wooden board

- Observation - Practical activity - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different forms of slopes in pictures
- Explain how slopes in pictures make work easier
- Show curiosity in exploring slopes in the environment

- Study pictures of different slopes (ladder, ramp, staircase, winding road)
- Identify the slopes in the pictures
- Discuss how these slopes make work easier
- Share experiences with these slopes

What forms of slopes can we identify?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 125
- Pictures of various slopes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various slopes in the school environment
- Explain how slopes in the environment make work easier
- Value the importance of slopes in the environment

- Take a walk around the school environment to identify different forms of slopes
- Take pictures of slopes found in the environment
- Write a report on where slopes are used to make work easier

What slopes can we find in our environment?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 126
- Camera/mobile phone/tablet
- Notebook
- School environment
New planet Science and Technology pg. 127
- Pictures taken during field walk
- Notes from field observation

- Observation - Field report - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Different forms of slopes in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the structure and function of wedges
- Identify examples of wedges in the environment
- Appreciate wedges as a form of slopes

- Study pictures of wedges (knives, axes, etc.)
- Discuss how wedges function as a combination of two inclined planes
- Identify examples of wedges in the school environment

How do wedges work as simple machines?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 128
- Pictures of wedges
- Real wedges when available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern applications of slopes
- Explain how elevators, escalators, and cableways make work easier
- Show curiosity in technological applications of slopes

- Study pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways
- Use digital devices to search for information on how these systems make work easier
- Discuss how these modern systems apply slope principles

How are slopes used in modern transportation?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 128
- Digital devices
- Pictures of elevators, escalators, and cableways

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Uses of slopes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how escalators work as moving slopes
- Describe the mechanical advantage of escalators
- Value modern applications of slope principles

- Discuss how escalators or moving stairs work as slope systems
- Use digital devices to research the structure and function of escalators
- Explain how escalators make movement between floors easier

How do escalators work as simple machines?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 129
- Digital devices
- Pictures of escalators
- Pictures of cableways

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of slopes in accessibility
- Identify how slopes help in construction
- Appreciate the role of slopes in creating inclusive environments

- Discuss how wheelchair ramps improve accessibility
- Explore other accessibility applications of slopes
- Debate the importance of incorporating slopes in building design

How do slopes improve accessibility?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 130
- Pictures of wheelchair ramps and accessibility slopes

- Observation - Debate participation - Written work

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of slopes in transportation
- Identify how slopes help in recreational areas
- Value the multiple applications of slopes in daily life

- Discuss how sloped roads and highways facilitate vehicle movement in hilly areas
- Explore applications of slopes in recreational areas and emergency evacuation
- Create a poster highlighting the importance of slopes in daily life

How do slopes help in transportation and recreation?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 131
- Pictures of sloped roads and recreational slopes

- Observation - Poster creation - Oral presentation

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of slopes in construction and loading
- Identify how slopes are used in emergency situations
- Show interest in the practical applications of slopes

- Discuss how slopes facilitate moving materials in construction sites
- Explore applications of slopes in loading/unloading and emergency evacuation
- Create a mind map showing the various applications of slopes

How are slopes used in construction and emergencies?

New planet Science and Technology pg. 131
- Pictures showing construction ramps and emergency slides
New planet Science and Technology pg. 132
- Digital devices
- Presentation materials

- Observation - Mind map creation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Slopes as simple machines - Importance of use of slopes in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a simple slope for use in school or at home
- Demonstrate how the slope makes work easier
- Show creativity in constructing a functional slope

- With guidance, make a simple slope using locally available materials
- Test the slope to show how it makes work easier
- Explain the principles applied in the construction

How can we build our own slope?

New  planet  Science and Technology pg. 132
- Pieces of timber/wood
- Nails
- Hammer
- New planet Science and Technology pg. 133
- Ladder
- Other adjustable slopes if available

- Observation - Project work - Practical demonstration