THE MOLE

Molarity of a solution.
Preparation of molar solutions.
Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molarity of a solution.
Find molarity of a solution in M/dm?
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Teacher explains that molarity of a solution is given in moles of the solute per litre.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.

student book
Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 48-49

Longhorn
Book III
PP 76-81

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.

Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

Step-by-step calculations.

student book
Calculators.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.
Concentration of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.

Class experiments.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.
Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
To define atomicity of gases.

Calculations from experimental results.
Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

student book
student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.

Gay Lussac?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define organic Chemistry.
To define a hydrocarbon.
To identify groups of hydrocarbons.
To describe the carbon atom.

Discuss composition of the carbon atom; hence deduce number of valence electrons.
Exposition of new terms.

student book
Chart of biomass digester.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 92
Longhorn
Book III
P 135

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming Alkanes.
Members of Alkane series.
Isomerism in alkanes.
Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkanes.
To define a homologous series.
To draw and name isomers of simple hydrocarbons.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

student book
Chart- structure of alkanes.
Models.
Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 94-98
Longhorn
Book III
PP 136-139

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 101-102 Longhorn Book III
PP 141-2

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Trend in physical properties of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the trend in physical properties of alkanes.

Study a table of comparative properties of alkanes.
Make deductions from the table.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 105

Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of alkanes.
Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chemical properties of alkanes.

Discussion
Examples of balanced equations.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 107
Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.
Naming alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write molecular formulae of alkenes.

Examine table of members of alkenes.
To identify members of alkene series.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP 153-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkene isomerism.
Preparing ethene in the lab.
Physical properties of ethene.
Chemical properties of ethene.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between branching and positional isomerism.
To describe physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.

Discussion and drawing of molecular structures.
To discuss physical properties of ethene and other alkenes.

student book
chart
student book
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 158-60
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 116-117
Longhorn Book III
PP 126-129
165-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes and oxidizing agents.
Uses of alkenes & Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reactions of alkenes with oxidizing agents.

Review the double bonds in alkenes.
Review reduction process, oxidizing agent.
Discuss reactions of alkenes with conc. H2SO4, acidified potassium chromate.
Expose hydrolysis process.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 120-121


Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkynes.
Physical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw structure showing positional and branching isomerism.

Discussion and drawing structures.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 124-125
Longhorn
Book III
PP 176-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)
NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Chemical properties of ethyne.
Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.
Isolation of nitrogen from air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe combustion, halogenation and hydrogenation processes.



Describe isolation of nitrogen from air.

Discussion and writing of equations.



Teacher demonstration, explanations and equations.

charts
Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 127-129
Longhorn Book III
PP 180-184

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 134-135

Longhorn Book
P 186

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Industrial production of nitrogen.
Lab. preparation of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe industrial production of nitrogen.

Discussion and description.
Drawing schematic diagram for the process.

charts
Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate

K.L.B. BK III
PP.135-136

Longhorn Book
PP 188-9

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State physical and chemical properties of nitrogen.


List down uses of nitrogen.

Discussion and writing equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 138

Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

Ammonium nitrate.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 139-141

Longhorn
Book III
PP 195-6

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.
Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of nitrogen (II) oxide.
To describe nitrogen (IV) oxide lab preparation.

Class experiment: Preparation and carrying out tests on the gas.
Observations recorded in a table.

Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of the gas and corresponding equation.
Tests on the gas and make observations.

Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.
charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 142
Longhorn
Book III
PP 200-1

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-145

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.
Properties of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ammonia

Q/A: Structure of ammonia.
Group experiments: Preparation of ammonia.
Tests on the gas.

Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 147-148

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solubility of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to determine solubility of ammonia.

Teacher demonstration.

Discussion.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.


To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.

Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.

Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.

2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 152-153

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning ammonia in the air.
Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.
Haber process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe burning ammonia in the air.
To name products formed when ammonia reacts with hot CuCl2 solid.
To explain reducing properties of ammonia.

Teacher demonstration
Discussion
Chemical equations of reactions.
Teacher demonstration and discussion.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.
Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.
Chart- schematic diagram.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158
Longhorn
Book III
PP 219


K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of ammonia.
To list down nitrogenous fertilizers.

Teacher elucidates uses of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers.

charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
P. 161

Longhorn
Book III
PP 126 -226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.
Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Discussion and corresponding equations.
Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Metal hydroxides.
Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the pollution of nitrogen compounds in the environment.
To state ways of reducing environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds.

Brief guided discussion.

charts

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 244-6