FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 71-72

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.

Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book
text book,chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 76-78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.

text book
chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction. Barter trade.
Money system Characteristics of money.
Functions of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.


State characteristics of money.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Brainstorming and superficial discussion.

text book
text book
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 91-94
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96

MONEY & BANKING

Demand for money (liquidity preference)
Supply of money. Banking System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term demand for money.

Explain the motives that influence the desire to keep money instead of other assets.

Q/A: review the term demand.

Exposition and probing questions.

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 97-99

MONEY & BANKING

Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
Services offered by commercial banks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline a brief history on development of banking.

Identify methods employed by commercial banks to generate profits.
Identify services offered by commercial banks.

Exposition and probing questions;
Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 101-103

MONEY & BANKING
MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE

Non-banking financial institutions.
Functions of the Central bank.
Trends in banking.
Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of non-banking financial institutions.
State functions of non-banking financial institutions.
Outline differences between commercial bank and NBFI.


Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.

Exposition;
Brief discussion;
Probing questions.
Brain storming;
Discussion.

text book
chart,text book
Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 109-113
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 118-121

PUBLIC FINANCE

External borrowing.
Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between reproductive debt and dead weight debt.
Identify types of govt?s expenditure.

Exposition;
Discussion.

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 127-8

PUBLIC FINANCE

Taxation.
Principles of taxation.
Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term taxation.
Identify methods that the give reasons for taxation.

Exposition;
Explanations.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.131

PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION

Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.
Topic summary / review
Introduction Consumer Price index

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify taxes according to impact on the taxpayer.
State and explain merits and demerits of direct tax.
Tackle review question,

Guided discussion on direct taxes.
Problem solving.Revision;

text book
text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 135-6
Pg. 142-144

INFLATION

Simple and weighted price relatives.
Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.

Guided computations.

Supervised practice.

Price relative tables.
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 147

INFLATION

Causes of cost- pull inflation.
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of cost-pull inflation.
Explain the causes of cost-pull inflation.

Expository and descriptive approaches with probing questions.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 152

INFLATION
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Controlling inflation.
Types of International Trade. Advantages and disadvantages of International Trade.
Terms of International Trade.
Terms of trade among different countries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some policies adopted by the govt to reduce or control inflation.
Explain the concept terms of International Trade.
Distinguish favourable trade from unfavourable terms of trade.

Discussion on: control of money supply, control of demand, cost control.



Probing questions, brief discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
text book
newspaper

Pg. 156-8
Pg. 164-6

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Forms & importance of economic integration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration.
Identify forms of economic integration.
Outline forms of economic integration.
Analyze importance of economic integration.
Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of free trade.

Q/A review relevant terms.
Probing questions
& guided discussion.

newspaper

Pg. 182-5

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Trade restrictions.
Methods of trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for trade restrictions.
Outline methods of trade restriction.

Q/A & guided discovery.

newspaper
text book

Pg. 185-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Trends in international trade.
Growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Define economic growth of a country.
Identify structural changes that may accompany economic development.

Exposition of new concepts.
Guided discussion & oral questions.

text book
newspaper

Pg 187-8
Pg 195-6

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Underdevelopment.
Factors for underdevelopment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify characteristics of under - development

Brainstorming, questioning & discussion.

text book

Pg 197-199

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Development planning.
Problems encountered in development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Site some objectives of planning.
Give reasons why development planning is necessary.

Probing questions /guided discussion.

text book

Pg. 202-4