Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - States of matter
Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the three states of matter
- Group objects in the environment into the three states of matter
- Show interest in exploring different states of matter

- Touch and feel the objects around them including water
- Identify the objects and discuss how different objects feel
- Group the objects around them into categories: hard objects that cannot be pressed, visible but not hard objects that can flow, things not visible but can be felt
- Find out the meaning of the term matter

What are the three states of matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of solids
Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify solids that are heavy and light
- Determine the mass of solids
- Value the importance of mass in daily life

- Collect stones of different sizes, plastics, blocks of wood, ball bearings, glass, iron nails
- Lift each item and determine which are heavy and which are light
- Compare heaviness of different objects
- Group materials based on their apparent size and heaviness
- Record observations in a table

How do we determine if a solid is heavy or light?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make a simple beam balance
- Compare the masses of various solids
- Show interest in comparing the masses of different solids

- Collect different solids from the local environment
- Make a simple beam balance
- Use the beam balance to compare the masses of various collected solids
- Identify which solids are heavy and which are light
- Record observations in a table

How can we compare the masses of different solids?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that liquids have mass
- Compare the mass of liquids with empty containers
- Value the importance of mass in liquids

- Have two similar jerricans or big water bottles of the same size and material
- Fill one with water and leave the other empty
- Lift the empty bottle and note if it's heavy or light
- Lift the bottle filled with water and note if it's heavy or light
- Determine which bottle is easier to lift
- Explain observations

Do liquids have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Properties of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the properties of gases
- Demonstrate that gases occupy space
- Appreciate the existence of gases in the environment

- Blow air into balloons of different sizes
- Observe what happens when air is blown into the balloons
- Observe what happens when air is released from the balloons
- Discuss why balloons collapse when air is released
- Record observations

How do we know gases exist even though we can't see them?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Balloons of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of gases
Properties of matter - Volume of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases have mass
- Compare the mass of inflated and deflated objects
- Show interest in investigating properties of gases

- Collect two similar balls or balloons (both inflated)
- Get a pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick for deflating
- Use a beam balance to compare masses of two inflated balls/balloons
- Deflate one ball/balloon
- Compare their masses on the beam balance again
- Record observations

Do gases have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue

- Observation - Practical assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of different states of matter in daily life
- Give examples of how each state of matter is used
- Appreciate the use of different states of matter in daily life

- Discuss how solids are used in daily life (buildings, utensils, books)
- Discuss how liquids are used (fuel, drinking, cooking, cleaning)
- Discuss how gases are used (cooking gas, air for inflating)
- Search for information on uses of different states of matter
- Share findings

Why are the different states of matter important in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solid waste
- Identify different types of solid waste
- Develop interest in proper management of solid waste

- Read the story about schools holding sports events
- Discuss the meaning of solid waste
- Identify types of solid waste likely generated during sports events
- Discuss what would happen if waste is dumped carelessly
- Share findings

What is solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment
Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste in various environments
- Appreciate the need to manage solid waste properly

- Identify and discuss types of solid waste likely to be found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste
- Record findings in a table showing solid waste found at home and in school
- Share findings in a class presentation

What types of solid waste are found in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written work

Matter

Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify non-decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to non-decomposable waste over time
- Value proper management of non-decomposable waste

- Study pictures of non-decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens if polythene bags, wires, broken glasses, and plastics are left in a covered container for a month
- Record answers in notebook

What happens to non-decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Sort solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Place sorted waste in appropriate dustbins
- Appreciate the importance of sorting waste

- Identify and collect solid waste in the school compound with teacher guidance
- Observe safety measures during collection activities
- Sort the solid waste into decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Put them in two separate dustbins
- List examples of decomposable and non-decomposable waste

Why is it important to sort solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of solid waste found in the classroom
- Apply methods of waste management in the classroom
- Show responsibility in managing classroom waste

- Collect different types of solid waste found in the classroom
- Sort the waste into separate bins (decomposable and non-decomposable)
- Suggest ways to manage waste by reducing
- Identify waste that could be reused or recycled
- Record findings in a table
- Share findings with other learners

How can we manage waste in our classroom?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school
Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste produced in public functions
- Apply the 3Rs in managing waste from public functions
- Value responsible waste management at public events

- Identify and discuss various types of solid waste likely to be produced in public functions
- Categorize waste into decomposable and non-decomposable
- Discuss management of plastic bottles, food remains, glass bottles, broken bottles
- Discuss how event planners can help manage waste
- Discuss application of 3Rs in waste management

How can we manage waste generated at public functions?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures of public events

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when handling solid waste
- Explain the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Show responsibility in observing safety measures

- Study pictures showing items used to handle various types of solid waste
- Identify safety measures when handling any type of solid waste
- Find out the meaning of PPE
- Discuss types of protective clothing and equipment used
- Record and share findings with classmates

What safety measures should we observe when handling solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Project planning
Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify steps for making items from waste
- Plan a project using waste materials
- Show creativity in planning a project

- Discuss steps for making items from waste materials
- Identify locally available materials for projects
- Plan for making a waste bin, toys, or ornaments
- Record project plans

How do we plan a project using waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing steps for projects
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials

- Observation - Planning assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Apply creativity in designing toys or ornaments
- Value the importance of recycling waste materials

- Study pictures showing toys made from locally available materials
- Study pictures showing how to make simple bracelets from plastic straws
- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Display completed items
- Share the creative process with classmates

How can we make toys or ornaments from waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments
- Tools for cutting and joining materials

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of water conservation
- Identify the need for water conservation
- Appreciate the importance of water conservation

- Study pictures related to water conservation
- Brainstorm on the meaning of water conservation
- Discuss why we should use water wisely
- Record and share findings

What is the meaning of water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage
Water conservation - Water wastage in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted
- Distinguish between proper and improper water use
- Show concern for water wastage

- Study pictures showing water use
- Discuss whether water is being used properly in each picture
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Discuss consequences of water wastage

How is water wasted in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures showing water use
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing water use in school

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted at home
- Explain consequences of water wastage at home
- Show responsibility in proper water use at home

- Discuss ways in which water is wasted at home
- Identify activities that lead to water wastage
- Discuss the dangers of leaving taps running
- Discuss consequences of wet floors
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing water use at home
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely
Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of using water wisely
- Distinguish between wise and unwise water use
- Value proper water use practices

- Identify and discuss ways to use water wisely at home and school
- Complete a table showing whether different water uses are wise or wasteful
- Record and share findings with classmates

How can we use water wisely?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Chart showing different ways of using water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reducing water usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reducing water usage
- Apply water-reducing techniques in daily activities
- Value water-saving practices

- Discuss ways of conserving water by reducing usage
- Explore examples: using glass/cup when brushing teeth, closing taps during soaping, using buckets instead of showers
- Discuss other methods of reducing water usage
- Record and share findings

How can we reduce water usage in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Reusing water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reusing water
- Apply water-reusing techniques in daily activities
- Appreciate the importance of reusing water

- Discuss the concept of reusing water
- Identify examples: using rinse water for mopping, using water from washing fruits/vegetables for garden watering
- Discuss other methods of reusing water
- Record and share findings

How can we reuse water in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Recycling water
Water conservation - Importance of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of recycling water
- Identify ways of recycling water
- Value the importance of recycling water

- Discuss the concept of recycling water
- Explore examples: treating used water to remove impurities before reuse
- Discuss how industries recycle water
- Record and share findings with classmates

How is water recycled for reuse?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures showing water recycling processes
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Responsible water use

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice responsible water use
- Keep a record of water conservation practices
- Value responsible water use habits

- Keep a journal of ways in which they practice responsible water use
- Record observations at the end of every week
- Share experiences with other learners
- Exchange ideas on responsible water use habits
- Share ideas with family and community

How can we practice responsible water use in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Journal for recording observations
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Journal assessment - Self-evaluation

Matter
Force and Energy

Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters
Force and its Effect - Meaning of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create posters on water conservation
- Explain the importance of water conservation through posters
- Show creativity in designing water conservation posters

- Study sample posters on water conservation
- Prepare posters to sensitize community members on water conservation
- Include key messages on water conservation
- Display posters and share messages with others

How can we use posters to promote water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Digital media
- Heavy objects for moving

- Observation - Product assessment - Creativity evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Types of forces
Force and its Effect - Force of gravity
Force and its Effect - Force of friction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of forces in nature
- Demonstrate the existence of force of gravity
- Value the role of gravity in our daily lives

- Use print and non-print media to search for information about types of forces
- Discuss findings with peers
- Throw objects upwards and observe them falling back
- Discuss why objects fall back to the ground

Why do objects fall back to the ground when released from a height?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Digital resources
- Balls
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can change the shape of objects
- Identify objects whose shapes can be changed by force
- Appreciate the effects of force on objects

- Squeeze or crumple pieces of paper
- Observe and discuss what happens to the shape of the paper
- Record observations in notebooks
- Share findings with peers

What happens to a paper when you crumple it?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Balls
- Open space for activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can change the direction of a moving object
- Show that force can increase the speed of an object
- Appreciate how force affects movement

- Bounce balls against hard surfaces
- Use swings safely to demonstrate effects of force
- Discuss why the ball changes direction when it hits a surface
- Record observations

What happens when a ball is kicked towards another direction?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Balls
- Swings
- Hard surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of minimizing friction
- Demonstrate how smoothening surfaces reduces friction
- Value the importance of reducing friction

- Observe writing and sitting surfaces of desks
- Discuss why surfaces of rolling boards and pins are smoothened
- Give examples of surfaces that are smoothened to minimize friction

Why are the surfaces of the rolling board and pin smoothened?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Sandpaper
- Wood planer
- Smooth and rough surfaces

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how lubricants reduce friction
- Identify situations where lubricants are used
- Appreciate the importance of lubricants in daily activities

- Observe a tailor maintaining a sewing machine
- Discuss why doors make squeaky noises
- Identify machines that require oiling/greasing
- Record observations in notebooks

Why do tailors apply oil to the moving parts of a sewing machine?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings
Light - Meaning of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how rollers and ball bearings reduce friction
- Identify places where rollers and ball bearings are used
- Show interest in ways of reducing friction

- Pull loads on rough surfaces and with improvised rollers
- Discuss the use of rollers in daily life
- Observe and discuss how ball bearings work
- Record observations in notebooks

When is it easier to move a load?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Rollers
- Pictures of ball bearings
- Heavy objects for demonstrations
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Natural sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural sources of light
- Distinguish between natural and artificial sources of light
- Show interest in learning about light sources

- Search for information about sources of light
- Identify natural sources of light (sun, stars)
- Discuss and record observations
- Share findings with peers

What are the natural sources of light in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Digital resources
- Pictures of light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial sources of light
- Classify different artificial light sources
- Value the importance of artificial light

- Identify artificial sources of light (bulbs, lamps, candles)
- Classify different types of artificial light sources
- Discuss common sources of light at home and school
- Record observations

What are some common sources of light in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Classification exercises

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how windows are used to light a house
- Compare well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Appreciate the importance of natural lighting

- Observe pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Discuss the importance of windows in lighting
- Compare rooms with large windows versus small windows
- Record observations

Which room is well-lit? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial ways of lighting a house
- Describe various artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate the importance of proper lighting

- Observe and discuss different artificial lighting methods
- Identify common artificial lighting sources in homes
- Discuss safety measures when using artificial lighting
- Record observations

What are some artificial ways of lighting a house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of lighting methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of solar energy
- Describe how solar energy is used for lighting
- Show interest in alternative energy sources

- Discuss the meaning of solar energy
- Observe pictures of solar panels and solar lamps
- Search for information on how sunlight is converted to electricity
- Record observations

What is the meaning of the term solar?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of solar panels
- Digital resources
- Solar powered devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Plants and light
Light - Uses of light: Safety and security

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how plants use light
- Describe the importance of light for plant growth
- Value the role of light in nature

- Observe pictures showing plants in light and darkness
- Discuss why plants need sunlight for healthy growth
- Search for information on how plants use light
- Record observations

Why do plants require sunlight for healthy growth?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures of plants
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe good lighting for reading
- Explain how poor lighting affects eye health
- Value the importance of eye care

- Discuss why we strain our eyes in poorly lit rooms
- Explain why it's important to read in well-lit rooms
- Discuss eye care practices and the importance of reporting eye problems
- Record observations

Why do we strain our eyes when we try to read in a poorly-lit room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how light is used for communication
- Identify various light signals in daily life
- Appreciate the importance of light signals

- Discuss how traffic lights guide motorists and pedestrians
- Identify other light signals used for communication
- Observe pictures of traffic lights and other light signals
- Record observations

How is light used as a form of communication?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of traffic lights
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests
Light - Applications of light: Daily activities
Light - Applications of light: Summary and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light discourages pests
- Identify pests that hide in dark places
- Show interest in maintaining well-lit spaces

- Observe pictures of pests that hide in dark places
- Discuss why pests like cockroaches and rats prefer darkness
- Explain how good lighting discourages pest breeding
- Record observations

Where do pests such as rats and cockroaches hide in the house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book
- Pictures of pests
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book 
- Charts on light applications
- Digital resources
- Assessment worksheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments