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SCHEME OF WORK
Social Studies
Grade 8 2025
TERM I
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
2 1
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Evolution theory
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore the scientific theory about human origin
-Describe how scientific theory is used to explain human origin
-Develop a sense of humanity based on common origin

- Learners discuss in groups how scientific theory is used to explain human origin and present
-Learners use digital technology to find out the places where early human remains were discovered in Africa
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 20
-Digital resources
-Maps
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
2 2
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Human remains
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a map of Africa and locate where prehistoric human remains were discovered
-Identify the places where early human remains were discovered
-Develop a sense of humanity based on common origin

- Learners draw a map of Africa and locate where prehistoric human remains were discovered
-Learners use digital technology to find out the places where early human remains were discovered in Africa
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 20
-Maps
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Project work -Observation
2 3
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Human remains
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a map of Africa and locate where prehistoric human remains were discovered
-Identify the places where early human remains were discovered
-Develop a sense of humanity based on common origin

- Learners draw a map of Africa and locate where prehistoric human remains were discovered
-Learners use digital technology to find out the places where early human remains were discovered in Africa
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 20
-Maps
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Project work -Observation
2 4
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Different species
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the differences between various species of early humans
-Describe when various human species existed
-Appreciate the common origin of humans

- Learners brainstorm in groups on the differences between various species of early humans and when they existed
-Learners share their findings in class
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 21
-Charts, marker pens
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
3 1
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Changes in humans
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate changes that took place in humans as a result of evolution
-Draw charts showing different stages of human evolution
-Appreciate the common origin of humans

- Learners draw charts showing the different stages of human evolution and share in class
-Learners carry out library research on changes that took place in humans as a result of evolution and draw an evolutionary tree
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 22
-Charts
-Digital resources
- Project work -Observation -Written tests
3 2
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Africa as cradle of humanity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle for humanity
-Discuss how these reasons influence self-identity
-Appreciate the role of Africa in human origin

- Learners work together harmoniously in groups to discuss reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle for humanity
-Learners discuss how these reasons influence self-identity
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 22
-Digital resources
-Approved textbooks
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
3 3
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Preservation of remains
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss the preservation of remains of early humans
-Draw conclusions on common understanding of origin of humanity
-Develop a sense of humanity based on common origin

- Learners engage with a resource person to discuss the preservation of remains of early humans
-Learners debate on the scientific theory of human origin and Africa as the cradle of humanity
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 23
-Resource persons
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
3 4
People, Population and Relationships
Scientific Theory about Human Origin - Preservation of remains
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss the preservation of remains of early humans
-Draw conclusions on common understanding of origin of humanity
-Develop a sense of humanity based on common origin

- Learners engage with a resource person to discuss the preservation of remains of early humans
-Learners debate on the scientific theory of human origin and Africa as the cradle of humanity
Why is Africa considered as the cradle of humanity?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 23
-Resource persons
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 1
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Origin of early visitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Locate on a map of Europe and Asia places of origin of early visitors to the East African Coast
-Discuss the origin of early visitors to the East African Coast
-Appreciate the best practices of early civilization

- Learners use digital technology to locate on a map of Europe and Asia places of origin of early visitors to the East African Coast
-Learners discuss in groups on the origin of early visitors to the East African Coast up to 1500
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 32
-Digital resources
-Map of Africa
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 2
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Early visitors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the early visitors to the East African Coast
-Describe the reasons for the coming of the early visitors
-Appreciate cultural diversity

- Learners accommodate divergent opinions in groups as they discuss the early visitors to the East African Coast
-Learners find out the reasons for the coming of early visitors
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 33
-Digital resources
-Map of Africa
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 3
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Swahili civilisation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the Swahili civilisation along the East African coast
-Explain the factors that led to the growth of East African city states
-Appreciate the Swahili culture

- Learners brainstorm on the Swahili civilisation along the East African coast
-Learners discuss factors that led to the growth of East African city states
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 34
-Digital resources
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
4 4
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Swahili civilisation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the Swahili civilisation along the East African coast
-Explain the factors that led to the growth of East African city states
-Appreciate the Swahili culture

- Learners brainstorm on the Swahili civilisation along the East African coast
-Learners discuss factors that led to the growth of East African city states
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 34
-Digital resources
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 1
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - East African city states
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the major East African city states
-Locate the East African city states on a map
-Value cultural heritage

- Learners draw a map showing the location of major East African city states
-Learners discuss characteristics of the major East African city states
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 35
-Map of Africa
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 2
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Architectural designs
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the architectural designs of the East African city states
-Identify various cultural aspects of the Swahili people
-Appreciate the Swahili culture

- Learners observe pictures of architectural designs in East African city states
-Learners discuss various cultural aspects of the Swahili people
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 36
-Pictures
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 3
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Social organization
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the social organization of the Swahili civilization
-Identify the economic activities of the Swahili people
-Appreciate cultural diversity

- Learners brainstorm on the social organization of the Swahili civilization
-Learners discuss the economic activities of the Swahili people
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 37
-Digital resources
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
5 4
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Social organization
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the social organization of the Swahili civilization
-Identify the economic activities of the Swahili people
-Appreciate cultural diversity

- Learners brainstorm on the social organization of the Swahili civilization
-Learners discuss the economic activities of the Swahili people
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 37
-Digital resources
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 1
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Impact of Swahili civilization
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the impact of Swahili civilization on modern East African society
-Identify the influence of early visitors on Swahili culture
-Appreciate cultural diversity

- Learners discuss the impact of Swahili civilization on modern East African society
-Learners identify the influence of early visitors on Swahili culture
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 38
-Digital resources
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 2
People, Population and Relationships
Early Civilisation - Best practices
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Show how the best practices from early civilisations have contributed to the modern world
-Role play the best practices from early civilisations
-Appreciate the best practices of early civilization

- Learners role play the best practices from early civilisations to the development of the modern world
-Learners reflect on their own during role-play
Why is cultural heritage important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 38
-Digital resources
-Manilla papers
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 3
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Development factors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify factors that led to development of Trans-Saharan slave Trade in Africa
-Discuss how these factors contributed to slave trade
-Desire to promote social justice in a society

- Learners debate on factors that led to development of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Learners identify how these factors contributed to slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 39
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
6 4
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Organization
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the organization of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Identify the key participants in the slave trade
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners use digital or print resources to research on the organization of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Learners discuss the key participants in the Trans-Saharan slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 40
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
7 1
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Source regions
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a map of Africa and locate regions where slaves were sourced
-Identify major slave trade routes
-Desire to promote social justice in a society

- Learners draw a map of Africa and locate regions where slaves were sourced during the Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners trace the major slave trade routes on a map
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 41
-Maps
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
7 2
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Effects
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline the effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Discuss how slave trade affected African communities
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners work together and discuss the effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Learners appreciate diverse opinions as they work together
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 42
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
7 3
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Effects
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline the effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Discuss how slave trade affected African communities
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners work together and discuss the effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade in Africa
-Learners appreciate diverse opinions as they work together
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 42
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
7 4
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - Resistance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe forms of resistance to the Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Explain how Africans resisted the slave trade
-Desire to promote social justice in a society

- Learners discuss different forms of resistance to the Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners explain how Africans resisted the slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 43
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8 1
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - End of slave trade
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Explain the role of different groups in ending slave trade
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners research on factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners discuss the role of different groups in ending slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8 2
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - End of slave trade
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Explain the role of different groups in ending slave trade
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners research on factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners discuss the role of different groups in ending slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8 3
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - End of slave trade
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Explain the role of different groups in ending slave trade
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners research on factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners discuss the role of different groups in ending slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
8 1-4
People, Population and Relationships
Trans-Saharan Slave Trade - End of slave trade
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Discuss factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Explain the role of different groups in ending slave trade
-Participate in promotion of social justice in the society

- Learners research on factors that led to the end of Trans-Saharan slave trade
-Learners discuss the role of different groups in ending slave trade
Why do people subject others to slave trade?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 44
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
9

Midterm break

10 1
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore causes of population growth in Africa
-Discuss the main factors leading to population growth
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups causes of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss the main factors leading to population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 2
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore causes of population growth in Africa
-Discuss the main factors leading to population growth
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups causes of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss the main factors leading to population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 3
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Causes
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore causes of population growth in Africa
-Discuss the main factors leading to population growth
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups causes of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss the main factors leading to population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 46
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
10 4
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Effects
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore effects of population growth in Africa
-Research on the effects of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth

- Learners use digital and print resources to research on the effects of population growth in Africa
-Learners discuss how population growth affects communities
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 47
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 1
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Demographic trends
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate demographic trends in Kenya
-Draw demographic trends using recent census data
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners develop self-confidence as they draw demographic trends in Kenya using recent census data
-Learners discuss demographic trends in Kenya
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
-Recent census data
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 2
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Demographic trends
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate demographic trends in Kenya
-Draw demographic trends using recent census data
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners develop self-confidence as they draw demographic trends in Kenya using recent census data
-Learners discuss demographic trends in Kenya
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
-Recent census data
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 3
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Demographic trends
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate demographic trends in Kenya
-Draw demographic trends using recent census data
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners develop self-confidence as they draw demographic trends in Kenya using recent census data
-Learners discuss demographic trends in Kenya
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
-Recent census data
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
11 4
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Demographic trends
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate demographic trends in Kenya
-Draw demographic trends using recent census data
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners develop self-confidence as they draw demographic trends in Kenya using recent census data
-Learners discuss demographic trends in Kenya
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
-Recent census data
-Digital resources
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 1
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Types of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine types of migration in Africa
-Identify different types of migration
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups on types of migration
-Learners identify different types of migration in Africa
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 2
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Types of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine types of migration in Africa
-Identify different types of migration
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups on types of migration
-Learners identify different types of migration in Africa
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 3
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Types of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine types of migration in Africa
-Identify different types of migration
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners brainstorm in groups on types of migration
-Learners identify different types of migration in Africa
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
12 4
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Factors of migration
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Research on the factors that influence migration in Africa
-Explain how migration affects population distribution
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners exchange new ideas as they research on the factors that influence migration in Africa
-Learners discuss how migration affects population distribution
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 50
-Digital resources
-Internet
- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests
13 1
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Awareness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth in the community
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners exhibit team spirit as they develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth in the community
-Learners discuss the effects of rapid population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
13 2
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Awareness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth in the community
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners exhibit team spirit as they develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth in the community
-Learners discuss the effects of rapid population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
13 3
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Awareness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth in the community
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners exhibit team spirit as they develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth in the community
-Learners discuss the effects of rapid population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work
13 4
People, Population and Relationships
Population Growth in Africa - Awareness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth
-Create awareness on the effects of population growth in the community
-Appreciate the impact of migration on population growth in Africa

- Learners exhibit team spirit as they develop posters to create awareness of the effect of population growth in the community
-Learners discuss the effects of rapid population growth
Why is it important to study demographic changes?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Manila papers
-Marker pens
- Oral questions -Observation -Project work

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