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Business Studies
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

Opening and marking of end term 1 exam

2 1
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.
Invoice.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.

Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.






Exposition of new terms;

Brain storming;

Brief discussion.
Cash receipts
Invoices.




New
Inventor
K.L.B.
BK IV.
Pg 1-2

2 2
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Debit note and credit note.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a debit note and a credit note.
Explain purposes of credit notes and credit note.
Examine a debit note and a credit note.
Brief discussion on features of the notes.
Debit note and credit note.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 5-6
2 3
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify entry features of a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Examine a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Discussion.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 6-7
2 4
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Books of original entry. Sales journal.
Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight features of a sales journal.
Prepare a sales journal given credit sales.


Brief discussion;
Illustrated example.
Sales journal.
Sales ledger.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 8-10
3 1
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Sales returns journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.
Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.
Sales returns journal sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 13-14
3 2
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.
Purchases journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post entries from sales return journal to the general ledger and the sales ledger.
Illustrated example;
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Sales return journal sample page.
Purchases journal sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 14
3 3
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Purchases return journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.
Post entries from the journal to the purchases return ledger.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.
Purchases return journal sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 17-19
3 4
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Cash receipt journal.
Cash payment journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a cash receipt journal.
Post entries from the journal to the general ledger, cash book and debtors ledger.
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.
Cash receipt journal.
Illustrated cash payment ledger.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 20-21
4 1
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
The petty cash book with imprest system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Make entries in a petty cash book.
Post entries from the book to ledger accounts.
Illustrated examples;
Group assignments.
Illustrated petty cash book.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.26-30
4 2
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Analysis cash book.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in an analysis cash book.
Exposition of new concepts;
Worked examples;
Discussion;
Written exercise.
Cash analysis sample page.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. PG. 32-36
4 3
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a general journal.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
General journal sample page.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. 36-37
4 4
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
Importance of journals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 41-53
5 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Introduction. Trading Period.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give examples of financial statements.
Explain the concept of a trading period of a business.
Brainstorming, Q/A & Explanations.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 54
5 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Gross Profit or Loss.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.
Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.
charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 55-57
5 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trading Account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term trading account.

Illustrate trading accounts with worked examples.
Q/A to review the process of obtaining gross profit or loss.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 57-60
5 4
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Net Profit or Loss.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.
Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
chart
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 60-62
6 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Profit or loss account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.


Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67
6 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Profit or loss account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.


Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67
6 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
magazines,charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67
6 4
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
magazines,charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67
7 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Balance Sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.
charts
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68
7 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68
7 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Types of Capital.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline types of capital.
Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 68
7 4
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Types of capital in a balance sheet.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.
Illustrative examples.

Written exercise.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 69-70
8 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.


Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.
chart,text book
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71
8 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74
8 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.
Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.



text book,chart
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 75-76
8 4
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Rate of stock turnover.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.
Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.
chart
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 76-78
9

Midterm exam and break

10 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock turn-over and trading account.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.
Illustrative examples & supervised practice.
text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78
10 2
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Return on Capital.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.
Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.
chart, text book
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79
10 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Acid test or quick ratio.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.
Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.
Business Magazines.
New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80
10 4
INFLATION
Introduction Consumer Price index
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms inflation and deflation.
Define the term CPI.
Compute CPI.


Guided discussion and computations.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.


145-6
11 1
INFLATION
Simple and weighted price relatives.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.
Guided computations.

Supervised practice.
Price relative tables.
Pg. 147
11 2
INFLATION
Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.
Causes of cost- pull inflation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
outline types of inflation.



Explain the term demand-pull inflation.
Explain causes of demand ?pull inflation.
Teacher exposes new concepts related to inflation types.

Expository and descriptive approaches.
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Pg. 147-8


Pg. 149-150
11 3
INFLATION
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight various levels of inflation.
Outline positive and negative effects of inflation.
Probing questions;
Discussion..
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
Pg. 152-3,

154-6
11 4
INFLATION
Controlling inflation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some policies adopted by the govt to reduce or control inflation.
Discussion on: control of money supply, control of demand, cost control.


Pg. 156-8
12 1
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
Growth and development.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic growth of a country.
Identify structural changes that may accompany economic development.
Guided discussion & oral questions.
newspaper
Pg 195-6
12 2
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
Underdevelopment.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify characteristics of under - development
Brainstorming, questioning & discussion.
text book
Pg 197-199
12 3
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
Factors for underdevelopment.
Development planning.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some factors that impede development.
Q/A guided discussion.
text book
Pg. 200-2
12 4
ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING
Problems encountered in development planning.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State problems encountered in development planning.
Probing questions /guided discussion.
Quiz.
text book
Pg. 204-6
13

End term exam

14

Marking and closing


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