FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.

Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 60-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and loss account from a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

magazines,charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.

Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.

charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.

Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.

charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.

Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Types of Capital.
Types of capital in a balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline types of capital.

Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 71-72

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.

Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.

text book,chart
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 75-76

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.

Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.

chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

MONEY & BANKING

Introduction. Barter trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain the concepts of money and banking.
Describe merits and demerits of barter trade.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 91-94

MONEY & BANKING

Money system Characteristics of money.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of money.

Brainstorming and superficial discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 95-96

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of money.
Demand for money (liquidity preference)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain major functions of money.

Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 96-97

MONEY & BANKING

Supply of money. Banking System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term supply of money.
Identify various monetary items that are in circulation in an economy.
Identify elements of banking system in Kenya.

Q/A: review the term supply.
Expository approach
Analyse the hierarchy of banks in Kenya.
Give examples of banks in each category.

chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 99-100

MONEY & BANKING

Development of Banking. Commercial Banks.
Services offered by commercial banks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline a brief history on development of banking.

Identify methods employed by commercial banks to generate profits.
Identify services offered by commercial banks.

Exposition and probing questions;
Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 101-103

MONEY & BANKING

Non-banking financial institutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of non-banking financial institutions.
State functions of non-banking financial institutions.
Outline differences between commercial bank and NBFI.

Exposition;
Brief discussion;
Probing questions.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 109-113

MONEY & BANKING

Functions of the Central bank.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify objectives and functions of the Central Bank.

Exposition of new ideas;
Guided discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 113-8

MONEY & BANKING
PUBLIC FINANCE

Trends in banking.
Purpose of public finance. Sources of public finance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe banking policies on types of account, use of computers, ,ATMs, m-banking, Mpesa,
e-banking.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

chart,text book
Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 118-121

PUBLIC FINANCE

External borrowing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between reproductive debt and dead weight debt.
Identify types of govt?s expenditure.

Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 127-8

PUBLIC FINANCE

Government expenditure. Principles of public expenditure.
Taxation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between recurrent and development expenditure.
Outline principles of public expenditure.

Exposition & discussion.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 129-130

PUBLIC FINANCE

Principles of taxation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain basic principles of taxation.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. pg 132-3

PUBLIC FINANCE

Impact and incidence of tax. Classification of taxes on basis of structure.
Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Direct tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between impact and incidence of tax.

Classify taxes according to structure.
State merits and demerits of taxing people according to structure.

Exposition of new ideas;
Give examples and explanations.

text book

Pg. 133-4

PUBLIC FINANCE

Classification of taxes on basis of impact on the tax payer. - Indirect tax.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of Indirect tax.

Q/A and guided discussion.

text book

Pg. 138-141

PUBLIC FINANCE
INFLATION

Topic summary / review
Introduction Consumer Price index

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Tackle review question,

Problem solving.Revision;

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 142-144

INFLATION

Simple and weighted price relatives.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the price index using simple average of price relatives.
Compute the price index using the weighted average method.

Guided computations.

Supervised practice.

Price relative tables.

Pg. 147

INFLATION

Types of inflation. Causes of demand- pull inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
outline types of inflation.



Explain the term demand-pull inflation.
Explain causes of demand ?pull inflation.

Teacher exposes new concepts related to inflation types.

Expository and descriptive approaches.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 147-8


Pg. 149-150

INFLATION

Causes of cost- pull inflation.
Levels of inflation & Effects of inflation on the economy of a country.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of cost-pull inflation.
Explain the causes of cost-pull inflation.

Expository and descriptive approaches with probing questions.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 152

INFLATION

Controlling inflation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some policies adopted by the govt to reduce or control inflation.

Discussion on: control of money supply, control of demand, cost control.

Pg. 156-8

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Types of International Trade. Advantages and disadvantages of International Trade.
Terms of International Trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Distinguish bilateral trade from multilateral trade.


State advantages and disadvantages of International Trade.

Brainstorming and guided discussion.


Q/A & guided discussion

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
text book

Pg. 163-4

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Terms of trade among different countries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for differences in terms of terms of trade among nations.

Probing questions and guided discussion.

newspaper

Pg. 167-8