GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

chart

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.
Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.
Graph papers.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.
Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.
Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.
Numerical questions on Charles? Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.
Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.
student book
student book
Calculators.

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11


K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Combined Gas Law.
Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.
Diffusion.
Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the Gas Law.
Derive the combined gas law equation.
Solve numerical problems using the equation.

Define diffusion.
Describe experiments to show diffusion.

Q/A: - Combining Boyle?s and Charles? Laws.
Worked examples.


Group experiments.
Diffusion of KMnO4 crystals, concentrated ammonia solution.

Calculators.
student book
KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.
student book
Calculators

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 14-16


K.L.B. BK III
PP. 14-15

Longhorn Book III P 19

THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.
Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.
Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.
Preparation of molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Define molarity of a solution.
Find molarity of a solution in M/dm?

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.
Teacher explains that molarity of a solution is given in moles of the solute per litre.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.
chart
student book
Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 48-49

Longhorn
Book III
PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.

Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

THE MOLE
Volumetric Analysis.

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
Apparatus used in titration experiments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book
Pipettes
Burettes.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration process.
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define titration as a process.
Define a titration end-point.
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Review by Q/A: -
-Indicators and colour changes.
-Choice of indicators.
-Balanced chemical equations.
Discuss characteristics of a good titre, when an an-end point is attained.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

Indicators
Suitable acid and base.
student book
Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 64-67

Longhorn
Book III
PP 108-114

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.
Concentration of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.

Class experiments.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.
Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.
Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define atomicity of gases.
To define molar gas volume.

Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Gay Lussac?s Law.
Hydrocarbons.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkanes.
Naming Alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkanes.
To list sources of alkanes.
To state uses of different fractions of crude oil.
To define cracking of alkanes.

Expose various alkanes.
Discuss the biomass digester, fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of the fractions.
Discuss the cracking process.

Chart of biomass digester.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 93-94

Longhorn
Book III
PP 135-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Members of Alkane series.
Isomerism in alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name members of alkane series and identify their characteristics.
To draw the structures of alkane series.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

Chart- structure of alkanes.
Models.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 97-99

Longhorn Book III
PP 137-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
Trend in physical properties of alkanes.
Chemical properties of alkanes.
Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.
Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe laboratory preparation of a given alkane.
To state physical properties of the gases prepared.
To describe substitution reactions involving alkanes.

To list down uses of alkanes.

Teacher demonstration.
Discussion.
Discussion


Teacher elucidates uses of alkanes.

Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 103

Longhorn
Book III
PP 146

K.L.B. BK III
P. 108

Longhorn
Book III
PP 149-50

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Naming alkenes.
Alkene isomerism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name various alkenes.

Q/Q: Nomenclature in alkenes.
Compare alkenes; hence deduce names of various alkenes.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 110-113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 154-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Preparing ethene in the lab.
Physical properties of ethene.
Chemical properties of ethene.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ethene.

Teacher demonstration: - Carry out tests on ethene as students note down the observations in a table.

chart
student book
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P 162

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes and oxidizing agents.
Uses of alkenes & Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reactions of alkenes with oxidizing agents.

Review the double bonds in alkenes.
Review reduction process, oxidizing agent.
Discuss reactions of alkenes with conc. H2SO4, acidified potassium chromate.
Expose hydrolysis process.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 120-121


Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkynes.
Physical properties of ethyne.
Chemical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw structure showing positional and branching isomerism.

Discussion and drawing structures.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 124-125
Longhorn
Book III
PP 176-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)
NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.
Isolation of nitrogen from air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe tests for alkynes and state uses of alkynes.

Discussion and explanations.

Assignment.

charts
Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.

K.L.B. BK III
P.130

Longhorn Book III
PP 180-84

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Industrial production of nitrogen.
Lab. preparation of nitrogen.
Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.
Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe industrial production of nitrogen.
State physical and chemical properties of nitrogen.


List down uses of nitrogen.

Discussion and description.
Drawing schematic diagram for the process.
Discussion and writing equations.

charts
Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate
charts
Ammonium nitrate.

K.L.B. BK III
PP.135-136

Longhorn Book
PP 188-9

K.L.B. BK III
P. 138

Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To list down uses of nitrogen (I) oxide.

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.

Teacher elucidates uses of nitrogen (1) oxide.

charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 141
Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (II) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (11) oxide

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.
Carry out a confirmatory test for the presence of the gas.

charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 143

Longhorn
Book III
PP 192-200

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.
Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.
Properties of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To state uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

Deduce physical properties from the table of observations.
To describe chemical properties from the table of observations.
Discuss uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

charts
Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-147

Longhorn
Book III
P 204

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solubility of ammonia.
Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to determine solubility of ammonia.
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.


To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.

Teacher demonstration.

Discussion.
Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.

Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.

charts
2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 152-153

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning ammonia in the air.
Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe burning ammonia in the air.

Teacher demonstration
Discussion
Chemical equations of reactions.

Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.
Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158
Longhorn
Book III
PP 219

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Haber process.
Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify raw materials for Haber process and how they are obtained in large scale.
Discuss the Haber process.
Represent Haber process in a schematic diagram.

Discussion and explanations.

Chart- schematic diagram.
charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 159-160
225-226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.
Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.
Discussion and corresponding equations.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3
Metal hydroxides.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations of decomposition of nitrates on heating.

Discuss above observations.
Write relevant equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P 172

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.
SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Test for nitrates.
Nitrogen compounds and the environment.
Extraction of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts
Chart-the Frasch process.

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Allotropes of sulphur.
Physical properties of sulphur. Heating of sulphur.
Chemical properties of sulphur.
Uses of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide.
Physical properties of sulphur dioxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify allotropes of sulphur.
To describe preparation of allotropes of sulphur.
To investigate and describe chemical properties of sulphur.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.
Group experiments.
Discuss observations.
Write corresponding equations.

video
charts
charts
text book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 182-183
Longhorn Book
PP 126-129

K.L.B.BK III
PP.188-190
Longhorn
Book III
PP 256-8