GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.
Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.
Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.
Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

chart
Calculators.
Graph papers.
Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.
Numerical questions on Charles? Law.
Combined Gas Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

student book
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.
Diffusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book
KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS
THE MOLE

Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.
Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare rates of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride in air.
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Teacher demonstration: - To deduce rate of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
Q/A: - Students calculate ratio of rates of diffusion of the gases.
Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

student book
Calculators
Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 18-19
Longhorn Book III 21

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.
Moles and Avogadro?s number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Empirical Formula.
Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine empirical formula of a compound given percentage composition by mass.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.

student book
Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 43

Longhorn Book III PP 66-71

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.
Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.
student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

THE MOLE
Volumetric Analysis.

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
Apparatus used in titration experiments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book
Pipettes
Burettes.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define titration as a process.
Define a titration end-point.

Review by Q/A: -
-Indicators and colour changes.
-Choice of indicators.
-Balanced chemical equations.
Discuss characteristics of a good titre, when an an-end point is attained.

Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 64-67

Longhorn
Book III
PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.
Concentration of HCl.
Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Class experiments.
Experiment and calculations.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.
Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.
Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define atomicity of gases.

Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Gay Lussac?s Law.
Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes.
Naming Alkanes.
Members of Alkane series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.
To identify various alkanes.
To list sources of alkanes.
To state uses of different fractions of crude oil.
To define cracking of alkanes.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Expose various alkanes.
Discuss the biomass digester, fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of the fractions.
Discuss the cracking process.

student book
Chart of biomass digester.
student book
Chart- structure of alkanes.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 93-94

Longhorn
Book III
PP 135-6

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Isomerism in alkanes.
Laboratory preparation of a given alkane.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and name isomers of simple hydrocarbons.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

Models.
Sodium ethanoate, sodalime,
Pestle and mortar.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 101-102 Longhorn Book III
PP 141-2

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Trend in physical properties of alkanes.
Chemical properties of alkanes.
Substitution reactions involving alkanes. Uses of alkanes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the trend in physical properties of alkanes.

Study a table of comparative properties of alkanes.
Make deductions from the table.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 105

Longhorn
Book III
PP 148-9

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkenes. Molecular formulae of alkenes.
Naming alkenes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write molecular formulae of alkenes.

Examine table of members of alkenes.
To identify members of alkene series.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP 153-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkene isomerism.
Preparing ethene in the lab.
Physical properties of ethene.
Chemical properties of ethene.
Alkenes and oxidizing agents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between branching and positional isomerism.
To explain halogenation and hydrogenation reactions.

Discussion and drawing of molecular structures.
Discussion and drawing structures.

student book
chart
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 113
Longhorn
Book III
PP 158-60

KLB BK III
PP. 118-119
Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Uses of alkenes & Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of alkenes.

Teacher elucidates uses of alkenes.

Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 121 Longhorn Book
PP 170-1

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Alkynes. Nomenclature.
Isomerism in alkynes.
Physical properties of ethyne.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various alkynes.
To name and draw structures of alkynes.

Discuss a table of members of alkynes.
Review naming of alkanes and alkene and compare this with naming of alkynes.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 122-123
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129 171-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (I)

Chemical properties of ethyne.
Tests for alkynes. Uses of alkynes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe combustion, halogenation and hydrogenation processes.

Discussion and writing of equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 127-129
Longhorn Book III
PP 180-184

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Isolation of nitrogen from air.
Industrial production of nitrogen.
Lab. preparation of nitrogen.
Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Describe isolation of nitrogen from air.
State physical and chemical properties of nitrogen.


List down uses of nitrogen.

Teacher demonstration, explanations and equations.

Discussion and writing equations.

Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.
charts
Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 134-135

Longhorn Book
P 186

K.L.B. BK III
P. 138

Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

Ammonium nitrate.
charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 139-141

Longhorn
Book III
PP 195-6

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (II) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (11) oxide

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.
Carry out a confirmatory test for the presence of the gas.

charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 143

Longhorn
Book III
PP 192-200

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.
Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.
Properties of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To state uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

Deduce physical properties from the table of observations.
To describe chemical properties from the table of observations.
Discuss uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

charts
Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-147

Longhorn
Book III
P 204

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solubility of ammonia.
Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.
Burning ammonia in the air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to determine solubility of ammonia.
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.


To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.

Teacher demonstration.

Discussion.
Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.

Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.

charts
2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts
Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 152-153

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.
Haber process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name products formed when ammonia reacts with hot CuCl2 solid.
To explain reducing properties of ammonia.

Teacher demonstration and discussion.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.
Chart- schematic diagram.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of ammonia.
To list down nitrogenous fertilizers.

Teacher elucidates uses of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers.

charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
P. 161

Longhorn
Book III
PP 126 -226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.
Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.
Magnesium
Zinc
Copper

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid and carbonates.
Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.
Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe action of nitric acid on carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Predict results of reacting dilute nitric acid with metal hydroxides and oxides.

Group experiments: - Action of Nitric acid on hydrogen carbonates.
Group experiments & writing equations for the reactions.

Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3
Metal hydroxides.
Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

Longhorn
Book III
229-30
K.L.B. BK III
P. 168

Longhorn
Book III
PP 238-240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.
Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Extraction of sulphur.
Allotropes of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To describe extraction of sulphur by Frasch process.

Illustrate and discuss extraction of sulphur.

Chart-the Frasch process.
video

K.L.B. BK III
PP.180-181
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur. Heating of sulphur.
Chemical properties of sulphur.
Uses of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide.
Physical properties of sulphur dioxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list physical properties of sulphur.

To describe effects of heat on sulphur.
State uses of sulphur.
Describe lab. preparation of sulphur dioxide.

Class experiment:
Solubility of sulphur in water, benzene, e.t.c,.
Class experiments:
Heating sulphur gently then strongly.
Discuss the observations.

Teacher elucidates uses of sulphur.
Teacher demonstration:-
Preparation of sulphur dioxide in a fume chamber/in the open.
Carrying out tests on the gas.

charts
charts
text book

K.L.B. BK III
P.184
Longhorn I
Book III
PP 253-255

K.L.B.BK III
PP 191- 192
Longhorn Book
P 258

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Lab. preparation of chlorine gas.
Physical properties of chlorine.
Chemical properties of chlorine ? reaction with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe laboratory preparation of chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration ? gas prep. tests on the gas.

Conc. HCl, Manganese (IV) oxide.
charts
Moist blue litmus papers.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 219
Longhorn
Book III
PP 298-9

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Chemical properties of chlorine - Reaction with metals - Reaction with non-metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with metals / non-metals.

Teacher demonstration:
Discussion.
Writing chemical equations.

textbook

K.L.B.BK III
PP.
224 -225
Longhorn
Book III
PP 303-5

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

- Oxidizing properties of chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with reducing a gents.

Group experiments.
Discuss and explain observations made.
Write corresponding chemical equations.

Expt. Worksheets.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 226 -227
Longhorn Book
PP 307-8

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Chlorine and alkalis.
Test for chlorides.
Uses of chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with alkalis.
To state uses of chlorine.

Teacher demonstration: Bubbling chlorine with dilute cold / hot NaOH solution.
Make observations and account for them.

Teacher elucidates uses of chlorine.

Cold / hot NaOH solutions.
Expt. Worksheets.
Zinc chloride, litmus paper, conc. Sulphuric acid.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 228
Longhorn Book III
PP 313-4

K.L.B.BK III
P. 231
Longhorn Book III
PP 320

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Hydrogen chloride gas. Lab. prep. Physical properties.
Aqueous hydrogen chloride.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Lab. prep of hydrogen chloride gas.
To investigate and state physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.

Teacher demonstration.
Carry out tests on the gas and deduce the properties of the gas.

Sodium chloride crystals, conc H2SO4
Distilled water.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 232
Longhorn
Book III
PP 323-4

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
Large-scale production of hydrochloric acid.
Uses of hydrochloric acid.
Effects of hydrochloric acid on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
To carry out confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Class experiment leading to deduction of further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas / confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Ammonia solution.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP.
235 -223
Longhorn
Book III
PP 327-331