RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of temperature of reactants on rate of reaction.
Effect of change in surface area of reactants on the rate of a reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of temperature on rate of reaction.

Group experiments: investigate the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with dilute HCl.
Sketch and interpret relevant graphs.
Discuss the collision theory and effects of activation energy.

Sodium thiosulphate heated at different temperatures, dilute HCl, stopwatches.
Graph papers.
Marble chips, marble chips powder, syringes, conical flasks with stoppers, 1M HCl.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 80-83

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction.

Teacher demonstration: preparation and collection of oxygen gas without using a catalyst, then using manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.
Explain the results in terms of activation energy.

Hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 85-88

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of light on rate of specific reactions.
Reversible reactions.
State of equilibrium in chemical reactions.
Le Chatelier?s Principle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify reactions that are affected by light.
Define the term equilibrium as used in reversible reactions.
Write down equations of reversible reactions in a state of equilibrium.

Teacher demonstration: decomposition of silver bromide in the presence of light.
Mention other examples of reactions affected by light.

Brief discussion, giving examples of chemical equations for reversible reactions.

Silver bromide.
Crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate.
student book
Add 2M sodium hydroxide,

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 89-91
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 94-95

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of change of pressure and temperature on equilibrium shift.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of change of pressure & te,perature on equilibrium shift.

Q/A: review kinetic theory of matter.
Q/A & discussion on effect of change of pressure / temperature on shifting of equilibrium; giving specific examples of chemical equations.
Written assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 97-101

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

The Haber Process.
The Contact Process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept optimum conditions of a chemical equilibrium.
Explain factors that change the position of equilibrium of the Harber process.

Q/A and detailed discussion on change of pressure, temperature, concentration of ammonia and effect of presence of a suitable catalyst on the Haber process.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 102-103

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Redox reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.

Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Oxidizing Numbers.
Displacement reactions.
The oxidizing power of an element.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline rules of assigning oxidation numbers.
Determine the oxidation numbers of an element in a given compound.
Explain the use of oxidation numbers in naming compounds.
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.

Exposition and giving specific examples.
Work out oxidizing number of elements in given compounds.
Copy and complete a table of compounds containing elements that more than one oxidation number.

Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.

student book
Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.
Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).
Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 109-116
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Cell diagrams.
Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.

Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.

Zinc/ copper cell.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard electrode potential series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Emf of a cell.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.

Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 133-136

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Possibility of a reaction to take place.
Primary and secondary chemical cells.
Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict whether a reaction will take place or not using standard electrode potentials.


Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.

Worked examples.
Oral exercise.
Assignment.
Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.

student book
Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 136-137
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of brine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Brine voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
Factors affecting electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Sulphuric acid voltameter.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 146-148

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Application of electrolysis.
Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some applications of electrolysis.

Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.

Suitable voltameter.
Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7

METALS

Ores of some metals.
Occurrence and extraction of sodium.
Occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Name the chief ores of some metals.


Describe occurrence and extraction of sodium.

Exposition and brief discussion.
Oral questions on electrolysis and equations at electrodes.
Brief discussion on occurrence and extraction.

Chart: Down?s cell.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 168-9
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 170-171

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of iron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of iron.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Blast furnace.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 173-5

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of zinc.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of zinc by electrolysis and reduction methods.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Flow chart: extraction of Zinc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 175-9

METALS

Extraction of lead.
Occurrence and extraction of copper.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how lead is extracted.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of lead.

Flow chart: extraction of lead.
Flow chart: extraction of copper.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 179-80

METALS

Physical properties of some metals.
Reaction of metals with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general properties of metals.
Explain the difference in physical properties of metals.
Explain effect of burning metals in air.

Compare physical properties of some metals as summarized in a chart.
Q/A & discussion based on physical properties.

Teacher demonstration / Group experiments.
Burning some metals in air.
Write relevant equations.
Brief discussion.

student book
Common lab. metals.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 183-4
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 184-6

METALS

Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9

METALS

Reaction of metals with chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the reaction of metals with chlorine.

Teacher demonstration in a fume cupboard / in the open.
Investigate reaction of metals with chorine
Write corresponding equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 189-191

METALS

Reaction of metals with acids.
Uses of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe and explain reaction of metals with acids.

Group experiments: investigate reaction of metals with dilute acids.
Teacher demonstration: investigate reaction of metals with concentrated acids.
Discuss the observations made and write relevant chemical equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.
Acids; HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 191-4

METALS
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Environmental effects of extraction of metals.
Alkanols (Alcohols).
Nomenclature of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some environmental effects of extraction of metals.
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanols.

Oral questions and open discussion.

Assignment / Topic review.
Guided discovery of naming system for alkanols.
Draw and name structures of alkanols.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 197-8
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 206-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Isomerism in alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe positional and chain isomerism in alkanols.
Explain formation of primary and secondary alkanols.

Q/A: review the terms positional and chain isomerism.
Brief discussion on isomerism.
Oral exercise: naming given organic compounds.
Written exercise: writing structural formulae for isomers of organic compounds of a given molecular formula.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 208-10

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Preparation of ethanol in the lab.
Physical properties of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe preparation of ethanol in the laboratory.

Group experiments / teacher demonstration.

Discuss the fermentation process.

Calcium hydroxide solution, sugar solution, yeast.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 210-11

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols.

Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 213-5

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Esters and esterification.
Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.
Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.

Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.

Assignment.
Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 215-6
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 216-8

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.

Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.

Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 219-221

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.

Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.

Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.

Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 221-223

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.

Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.

student book
Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 223-4

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.

Review and discuss the observations above.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 225-7

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soap preparation in the lab.

Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 227-230

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Effects of hard / soft water on soap.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.

Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.

Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 232-235

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Soapless detergents.
Polymers and polymerization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.

State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.

Teacher demonsration.

Brief discussion.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 235-238

RADIOACTIVITY

Definition of radioactivity.
Alpha particles.
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.


Write down and balance equations involving alpha particles.

Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.


Q/A: Review atomic and mass numbers.
Examples of balanced equations.
Supervised practice.

student book
student book
Dice.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 249-251
K.L.B. BK IV
Page 257

RADIOACTIVITY

Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.

Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.

Graph papers.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5