TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.
Structure of arteries. Major arteries.
Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Stopwatches.
Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.
Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.
Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.
Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.
Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Lymph.
Immune responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe formation and functions of lymph.

Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 38 - 40

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an allergic reaction.
To identify ways in which allergy presents itself.
To explain cause of allergic reactions.

Q/A: Manifestations of allergy.

Exposition and brief explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.
Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

text book
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.


Discussion and explanations.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.

Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.77
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Rate of respiration.
Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.
Excretion in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Some plants excretory products.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 84-85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
The mammalian skin.
The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.
The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.

Detailed discussion.

chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.

Probing questions.

Discussion
Exposition and discussion.

text book
text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.

Exposition and discussion.

text book
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.

To explain regulation of blood sugar.

Detailed discussion.



Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 101-102