TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure and functions of the stem.
Internal structure of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.

To draw and label internal stem structures.

Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.

Detailed discussion.
Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.

text book
Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.

Discussion and Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 - 9

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.


Discuss above observations.
Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Answer questions.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 18

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.
The mammalian heart ? external structure.
Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.
Model of a heart.
Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.
Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.


Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.
Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.
White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.


To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.
Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
To explain the role of vaccines in immune responses.

Detailed explanations and open discussion.
To explain the role of vaccination / immunization.
Open discussion on HIV / AIDS.

Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 40 - 41

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Organ transplant.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.


To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70