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Biology
Form 2 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
2 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
2 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
2 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba.
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba.

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
2 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in 6
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
3 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
3 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
3 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
3 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
3 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Breathing in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
4 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Live specimens of insects.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
4 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.
A gill of a fish.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57
4 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
4 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59
4 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59
5 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
The structure of the lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
5 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
The structure of the lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
5 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
The structure of the lungs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1
5 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhalation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.
Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.
Chart / model of a rib cage.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
5 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Exhalation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.
Chart / model of a rib cage.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
6 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Thoracic cavity model.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
6 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Thoracic cavity model.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
6 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Thoracic cavity model.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
6 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.
Discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64
6 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Rate of breathing in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.
Discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63
7 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
7 6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Intercostal muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
8 1
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhaled and exhaled air.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Lime water.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
8 2
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhaled and exhaled air.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Lime water.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
8 3
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Inhaled and exhaled air.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Lime water.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67
8 4-5
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Diseases of the respiratory system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
Resource person.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70
8 4-6
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Diseases of the respiratory system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
Resource person.
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70
9

Midterm

10 1
RESPIRATION
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.
Q/A: Definition

Brief discussion of significance of respiration.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
10 2
RESPIRATION
Burning food.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.
Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
10 3
RESPIRATION
Burning food.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.
Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
10 4-5
RESPIRATION
The mitochondrion.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.
Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74
10 6
RESPIRATION
Aerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP.74-76
11 1
RESPIRATION
Anaerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.
Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
K.L.B. BK 2
P.77
11 2
RESPIRATION
Anaerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.
Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
K.L.B. BK 2
P.77
11 3
RESPIRATION
Anaerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.
Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
K.L.B. BK 2
P.77
11 4-5
RESPIRATION
Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.
Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P.78
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
11 6
RESPIRATION
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.
Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
12 1
RESPIRATION
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
12 2
RESPIRATION
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
12 3
RESPIRATION
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
12 4-5
RESPIRATION
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.
Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
Detailed discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81
12 6
RESPIRATION
Rate of respiration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.
Detailed discussion and explanations.
text book
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

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