PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Sources of Population Data
Population Structure - Kenya's Population

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify sources of population data in a country
-Explain the importance of population data collection
-Appreciate the role of census in national planning

- Learners brainstorm on sources of population data
-Learners discuss primary and secondary sources of population data
-Learners engage with resources to understand the importance of census data

Why is population structure of a country important?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 43
-Digital resources
-Census reports
-Charts
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 45
-Population data of Kenya

- Oral questions -Group presentations -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Germany's Population

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain factors determining population structure in Germany
-Identify the characteristics of Germany's population structure
-Compare population factors between Kenya and Germany

- Learners research on factors determining population structure in Germany
-Learners discuss birth rates, mortality rates, and migration patterns in Germany
-Learners compare population characteristics between Kenya and Germany

How does Germany's population structure differ from Kenya's?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 47
-Digital resources
-Population data of Germany
-Charts

- Oral questions -Comparison charts -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Population Pyramid Construction (Developing Countries)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct age-sex population pyramids of developing countries
-Interpret age-sex population pyramids
-Appreciate the use of visual data representation tools

- Learners are guided on steps to construct age-sex population pyramids
-Learners draw age-sex population pyramids for Kenya using provided data
-Learners interpret the features of Kenya's population pyramid

What information can we derive from population pyramids?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
-Drawing materials
-Population data
-Graph paper

- Population pyramid construction -Oral interpretation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Population Pyramid Construction (Developed Countries)
Population Structure - Resource Distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct age-sex population pyramids of developed countries
-Interpret age-sex population pyramids of developed countries
-Compare population pyramids of developed and developing countries

- Learners construct age-sex population pyramids for Germany using provided data
-Learners interpret the features of Germany's population pyramid
-Learners compare the population pyramids of Kenya and Germany

How do population pyramids reflect development status?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 51
-Drawing materials
-Population data
-Graph paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 53
-Digital resources
-Case studies
-Charts

- Population pyramid construction -Comparative analysis -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Population Composition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Analyze population composition based on age, sex, and education
-Explain how population composition affects planning
-Appreciate the importance of demographic data

- Learners analyze population data showing different population compositions
-Learners discuss how age, sex, and education levels affect national planning
-Learners create visual representations of population composition data

How does population composition affect development planning?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 52
-Digital resources
-Population statistics
-Charts

- Oral questions -Visual representation evaluation -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Population Dynamics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain population dynamics such as fertility, mortality, and migration
-Identify factors affecting population change
-Appreciate how population dynamics influence development

- Learners research on population dynamics in Kenya and Germany
-Learners discuss how fertility, mortality, and migration affect population structure
-Learners create presentations on factors affecting population change

What factors drive population change?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 53
-Digital resources
-Charts
-Presentation materials

- Oral questions -Presentation evaluation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Population Structure - Comparing Developed and Developing Countries
Population Structure - Population Policies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Appreciate the differences in population structure between developed and developing countries
-Identify consequences of different population structures
-Recognize the relationship between population structure and development

- Learners discuss the differences in population structures between Kenya and Germany
-Learners explore the consequences of aging populations versus youthful populations
-Learners compose and display messages on differences in population structure for sustainable development

What are the consequences of different population structures?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 54
-Digital resources
-Charts
-Display materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 55
-Policy documents

- Oral questions -Message evaluation -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Forms of Peace

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain forms of peace in a society
-Identify different levels of peace
-Appreciate the importance of peace in society

- Learners brainstorm forms of peace (inner peace, family peace, friendship peace, and community peace)
-Learners discuss peace quotes and their meanings
-Learners search for peace quotes from various sources

How can we promote peace in the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 56
-Digital resources
-Peace quotes
-Charts

- Oral questions -Quote interpretation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Barriers to Resolution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify barriers to conflict resolution in day-to-day lives
-Explain how barriers affect conflict resolution
-Appreciate the importance of addressing barriers to conflict resolution

- Learners discuss barriers to conflict resolution such as poor communication, cultural differences, and ineffective listening
-Learners analyze how these barriers affect conflict resolution
-Learners match barriers to conflict resolution with their descriptions

What hinders effective conflict resolution?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 57
-Digital resources
-Case studies
-Charts

- Oral questions -Matching exercise -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Physical and Cultural Barriers
Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Managing Emotions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify physical and cultural barriers to conflict resolution
-Explain the impact of these barriers on peaceful coexistence
-Appreciate the importance of overcoming these barriers

- Learners discuss physical barriers such as distance and infrastructure
-Learners analyze cultural barriers like language differences and customs
-Learners create posters illustrating ways to overcome these barriers

How do physical and cultural barriers affect conflict resolution?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 57
-Digital resources
-Case studies
-Poster materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 58
-Mood journal templates
-Charts

- Oral questions -Poster evaluation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Emotional Intelligence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply emotional intelligence for peaceful conflict resolution in the community
-Identify components of emotional intelligence
-Appreciate the role of emotional intelligence in conflict resolution

- Learners discuss components of emotional intelligence such as self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, and effective communication
-Learners role play scenarios demonstrating the application of emotional intelligence
-Learners fill in tables showing how they applied emotional intelligence for conflict resolution

How can emotional intelligence resolve conflicts?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 59
-Digital resources
-Role play scenarios
-Charts

- Oral questions -Role play evaluation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Peace Initiatives
Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Community Peace Building

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Participate in peace initiatives at the community level
-Design peace promotion activities
-Embrace peace initiatives for harmonious living

- Learners organize a peaceful walk with placards containing peace messages
-Learners create posters encouraging community members to embrace peace initiatives
-Learners compose songs or poems on peaceful conflict resolution

How can we actively promote peace in our community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 60
-Digital resources
-Poster materials
-Charts
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 61
-Role play materials

- Poster evaluation -Poem/song evaluation -Observation

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Peaceful Conflict Resolution - Conflict Resolution Strategies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain different conflict resolution strategies
-Apply appropriate conflict resolution approaches to different situations
-Value the importance of effective conflict resolution

- Learners discuss conflict resolution strategies such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
-Learners role play different conflict resolution approaches
-Learners create flowcharts showing steps in conflict resolution

Which conflict resolution strategies are most effective?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 61
-Digital resources
-Role play scenarios
-Chart materials

- Oral questions -Role play evaluation -Flowchart assessment

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Healthy Relationships - Sustaining Relationships

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain ways of sustaining healthy relationships in the community
-Identify characteristics of healthy relationships
-Appreciate the importance of healthy relationships

- Learners brainstorm in pairs ways of sustaining healthy relationships such as effective communication, mutual respect, and trust
-Learners discuss scenarios demonstrating healthy relationships
-Learners identify other ways of promoting healthy relationships

How can we promote healthy relationships in the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 62
-Digital resources
-Scenario cards
-Charts

- Oral questions -Scenario analysis -Written tests

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Healthy Relationships - Barriers to Relationships
Healthy Relationships - Overcoming Barriers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore barriers to harmonious relationships in the community
-Identify factors that hinder healthy relationships
-Appreciate the importance of addressing relationship barriers

- Learners speak clearly and effectively as they discuss barriers to harmonious relationships
-Learners analyze stories showing barriers to relationships
-Learners watch video clips on barriers to healthy relationships and write reports

What challenges affect relationships in the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 64
-Digital resources
-Video clips
-Charts
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 65
-Card materials

- Oral questions -Report evaluation -Written assignments

PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIPS

Healthy Relationships - Communication Skills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Role play scenarios that depict effective communication, negotiation skills, empathy and assertiveness
-Demonstrate healthy relationship skills
-Appreciate the need for healthy relationships in the community

- Learners undertake tasks as they role play scenarios that depict effective communication, negotiation skills, empathy and assertiveness
-Learners discuss the importance of these skills in maintaining healthy relationships
-Learners create posters promoting healthy relationships in the community

Why are communication skills important in relationships?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
-Digital resources
-Role play scenarios
-Poster materials

- Role play evaluation -Poster evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Human Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify human activities on topographical maps
-Describe how human activities are represented on topographical maps
-Appreciate the representation of human activities on topographical maps

- Learners study various map symbols and identify the human activities they represent
-Learners examine topographical map extracts to identify human activities
-In groups, learners discuss how human activities are represented on topographical maps

Why are topographical maps important?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 67
-Topographical map extracts
-Topographical map symbols
-Digital devices

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Human Activities on Maps
Topographical Maps - Enlarging Maps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Analyze human activities on different topographical maps
-Describe how forestry and trading activities are represented on maps
-Value the importance of representing human activities on maps

- Learners study topographical map extracts of Oyugis and Kijabe
-In pairs, learners identify and describe human activities shown on the maps
-Learners discuss the ways human activities can be represented on topographical maps

How are human activities represented on topographical maps?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
-Topographical map extracts
-Chart paper
-Drawing materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
-Rulers
-Graph paper

- Oral questions -Written tests -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Reducing Maps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the process of reducing parts of a topographical map
-Use creative thinking skills to reduce parts of topographical maps
-Value the importance of map reduction

- Learners study the steps followed when reducing a section of a topographical map
-Learners measure the width and length of map areas to be reduced
-Learners practice reducing sections of topographical maps using a scale factor

How do we reduce sections of topographical maps?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71
-Topographical map extracts
-Rulers
-Graph paper
-Drawing materials

- Practical assessment -Observation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Cross-sections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the procedure for drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
-Illustrate cross-sections from topographical maps
-Appreciate the use of cross-sections in representing landforms

- Learners study the steps followed in drawing a cross-section from a topographical map
-Learners identify contours and heights on topographical maps
-Learners practice drawing cross-sections showing physical features

How do we draw cross-sections from topographical maps?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
-Topographical map extracts
-Graph paper
-Straight edge papers
-Drawing materials

- Practical assessment -Cross-section evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Cross-sections with Human Activities
Topographical Maps - Practical Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate cross-sections showing human activities from topographical maps
-Indicate human activities along cross-sections
-Value the importance of showing human activities on cross-sections

- Learners study topographical map extracts and identify human activities
-Learners draw cross-sections from topographical maps showing both physical features and human activities
-Learners display their cross-sections for peer assessment

How do we show human activities on cross-sections?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 73
-Topographical map extracts
-Graph paper
-Drawing materials
-Digital devices
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
-Local area map
-Rulers

- Practical assessment -Cross-section evaluation -Peer assessment

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Topographical Maps - Representation of Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent human activities on sketch maps
-Describe the human activities on topographical maps
-Appreciate the importance of mapping human activities

- Learners study how human activities are represented on topographical maps
-Learners visit a library or survey office to examine topographical maps
-Learners describe how human activities are represented on the maps examined

Why is representation of human activities on maps important?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
-Topographical maps
-Library resources
-Survey office resources
-Drawing materials

- Oral questions -Written reports -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Earth Movements
Internal Land Forming Processes - Horizontal Earth Movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore the types of earth movements in the environment
-Identify causes of earth movements
-Recognize the importance of earth movements in shaping landscapes

- Learners study pictures showing different types of earth movements
-In pairs, learners use blocks of wood to demonstrate horizontal and vertical movements
-Learners discuss what happens when these movements occur on the earth's surface

How do landforms influence human activities?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
-Blocks of wood
-Pictures of landforms
-Marker pens
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
-Diagrams of earth movements
-Clay or plasticine

- Oral questions -Observation -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Vertical Earth Movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe vertical earth movements
-Explain how uplifting and downwarping forces affect crustal rocks
-Appreciate how vertical movements shape the landscape

- Learners study diagrams showing forces causing vertical movements of crustal rocks
-Learners discuss the effect of vertical forces on the crustal rock layers
-Learners identify natural environments formed as a result of vertical earth movements

What causes vertical earth movements?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
-Diagrams of earth movements
-Clay or plasticine
-Digital resources

- Oral questions -Demonstrations -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Causes of Earth Movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify causes of earth movements
-Explain how different factors lead to earth movements
-Appreciate the role of earth movements in landscape formation

- Learners study diagrams showing causes of earth movements such as molten magma, isostatic movement, and gravitational force
-In groups, learners draw diagrams showing causes of earth movements
-Learners match causes of earth movements with their explanations

What factors lead to earth movements?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83
-Diagrams showing causes of earth movements
-Drawing materials
-Digital resources

- Oral questions -Diagram evaluation -Matching exercise

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Continental Drift Theory
Internal Land Forming Processes - Plate Tectonics Theory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the theory of continental drift
-Describe the formation of continents according to continental drift theory
-Appreciate the contribution of Alfred Wegener to understanding of earth's structure

- Learners use digital or print resources to research on the continental drift theory
-Learners discuss the super-continent Pangea and its subsequent breakup
-Learners complete a flow chart on the continental drift theory

How did the continents form according to the continental drift theory?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85
-Digital resources
-Flow charts
-Drawing materials
-World maps
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
-World map showing major plates
-Cardboard or manila paper

- Oral questions -Flow chart evaluation -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Rift Valley

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the formation of Rift Valley by tensional forces
-Illustrate the formation of Rift Valley
-Appreciate the role of faulting in the formation of Rift Valley

- Learners study diagrams showing the formation of Rift Valley by tensional forces
-Learners draw diagrams showing the stages in the formation of Rift Valley
-Learners discuss how Rift Valley is formed by tensional forces

How is the Rift Valley formed by tensional forces?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88
-Diagrams showing formation of Rift Valley
-Drawing materials
-Clay or plasticine
-Digital resources

- Oral questions -Diagram evaluation -Written tests

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Block Mountains

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the formation of block mountains
-Illustrate the formation of block mountains
-Appreciate the role of faulting in the formation of block mountains

- Learners model the formation of block mountains using old carton boxes, papers, or manila papers
-Learners use the steps to describe the formation of block mountains
-Learners illustrate the formation of block mountains in their notebooks

How are block mountains formed?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 89
-Old carton boxes
-Manila papers
-Drawing materials
-Clay or plasticine

- Oral questions -Model evaluation -Illustration assessment

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Tilt Blocks
Internal Land Forming Processes - Formation of Escarpments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the formation of tilt blocks
-Illustrate the formation of tilt blocks
-Recognize the importance of faulting in the formation of tilt blocks

- Learners study diagrams showing the formation of tilt blocks
-Learners use the diagrams to illustrate the formation of tilt blocks
-Learners draw diagrams of tilt blocks to describe their formation

How are tilt blocks formed?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
-Diagrams showing formation of tilt blocks
-Drawing materials
-Clay or plasticine
-Diagrams showing formation of escarpments

- Oral questions -Diagram evaluation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Types of Faults

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different types of faults
-Describe the formation of normal faults, reverse faults, and anticlinal faults
-Appreciate the role of faulting in landscape formation

- Learners collect wooden blocks and demonstrate the formation of normal faults
-Learners use clay or plasticine to model different types of faults
-Learners watch video clips on the process of faulting in the environment

How are different types of faults formed?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
-Wooden blocks
-Clay or plasticine
-Digital devices
-Video clips

- Oral questions -Model evaluation -Observation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Internal Land Forming Processes - Effects of Faulting
Internal Land Forming Processes - Landscape and Human Activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine the effects of faulting to human activities
-Explain how faulting affects tourism, mining, economy, energy, and trading
-Appreciate the significance of faulting to human activities

- Learners research on the effects of faulting to human activities from internet or other relevant sources
-Learners role play presenting speeches on the significance of faulting to human activities
-Learners plan for Environmental Walk to create awareness on the significance of faulting

How does faulting affect human activities?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
-Digital resources
-Research materials
-Role play materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
-Local environment
-Poster materials
-Chart paper
-Drawing materials

- Oral questions -Role play evaluation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify selected multi-purpose river projects on a map of Africa
-Locate major multi-purpose river projects in Africa
-Appreciate the importance of multi-purpose river projects

- Learners study pictures of multi-purpose river projects like Aswan High Dam
-Learners use relevant print resources or digital devices to search for information on major multi-purpose river projects in Africa
-Learners draw a sketch map of Africa and locate various multi-purpose river projects

How useful are multi-purpose river projects in society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
-Map of Africa
-Digital devices
-Drawing materials
-Pictures of dams

- Oral questions -Map work evaluation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - River Tana Projects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline the conditions that led to the establishment of multi-purpose river projects along River Tana
-Explain how these conditions favored the establishment of the project
-Value the importance of considering various factors before establishing river projects

- Learners study a map of Africa showing the location of River Tana Development project
-Learners draw or trace the map of Africa and locate the River Tana Development Project
-In pairs, learners discuss the conditions that led to the establishment of the multi-purpose river project along River Tana

What conditions led to the establishment of River Tana Projects?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
-Map of Africa
-Drawing materials
-Digital resources
-Pictures of River Tana

- Oral questions -Map work evaluation -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Aswan High Dam
Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Economic Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline the conditions that led to the establishment of Aswan High Dam
-Compare the establishment conditions of River Tana Projects and Aswan High Dam
-Appreciate the importance of considering various factors before establishing river projects

- Learners study a map of Africa showing the location of Aswan High Dam
-Learners draw or trace the map of Africa and locate the Aswan High Dam
-In groups, learners compare the conditions that led to the establishment of Aswan High Dam and River Tana Projects

What conditions led to the establishment of Aswan High Dam?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
-Map of Africa
-Drawing materials
-Digital resources
-Pictures of Aswan High Dam
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
-Pictures of river projects
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Comparison charts -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Assess challenges facing multi-purpose river projects in Africa
-Explain how factors like flooding, siltation, drought affect river projects
-Recognize the need to address challenges facing river projects

- Learners discuss what happens to local communities when governments plan to build dams
-Learners explain the effects of flooding, siltation, and drought on dams
-In pairs, learners identify challenges facing River Tana Projects and Aswan High Dam

What challenges face multi-purpose river projects in Africa?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
-Pictures showing challenges

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Solutions to Challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Design solutions to challenges facing multi-purpose river projects in Africa
-Explain how dredging and other interventions help address challenges
-Appreciate efforts to address challenges facing river projects

- Learners study pictures showing a dredger machine in a dam
-Learners discuss the role of dredgers in reducing siltation in multi-purpose river projects
-Learners analyze solutions proposed to address challenges facing river projects

How can challenges facing multi-purpose river projects be addressed?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
-Pictures of dredgers
-Digital resources
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Written assignments -Solution evaluation

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Multi-purpose River Projects in Africa - Importance to Society
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Distinction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Recognize the contribution of multi-purpose river projects to society
-Write speeches on the importance of multi-purpose river projects
-Appreciate the overall value of river projects in development

- Learners write short speeches on the importance of multi-purpose river projects in society
-Learners read their speeches during Environment Day in school
-Learners sing songs to recognize the importance of multi-purpose river projects

Why are multi-purpose river projects important to society?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102
-Speech writing materials
-Digital resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105
-Pictures showing environmental management and conservation
-Chart paper

- Speech evaluation -Oral questions -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Degradation Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore factors that lead to degradation of the environment in the community
-Classify factors into human and natural causes
-Develop awareness on environmental degradation issues

- Learners study pictures showing environmental degradation
-Learners research on factors that lead to environmental degradation using digital and print resources
-Learners classify factors into human and natural causes

What factors lead to environmental degradation in our community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
-Pictures showing environmental degradation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Classification assessment -Written essays

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Effects of Degradation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe the effects of environmental degradation in the community
-Explain how degradation affects health, biodiversity, and economy
-Recognize the far-reaching consequences of environmental degradation

- Learners study pictures showing effects of environmental degradation
-Learners discuss how environmental degradation affects health, biodiversity, and economic stability
-Learners complete a table showing effects of environmental degradation

What are the effects of environmental degradation on the community?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
-Pictures showing effects of degradation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper

- Oral questions -Table completion assessment -Written assignments

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Conservation Measures
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Practical Applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Design measures to manage and conserve the environment in the community
-Explain different conservation approaches
-Appreciate the importance of conservation efforts

- Learners study pictures showing measures taken to manage and conserve the environment
-Learners design measures they would propose to community members on managing and conserving the environment
-Learners organize themselves in groups and choose activities to conserve the environment

What measures can we take to conserve our environment?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
-Pictures of conservation measures
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
-Local materials for dustbins
-Tree seedlings
-Gardening tools

- Oral questions -Design evaluation -Group presentations

NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Project Planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plan for environmental conservation projects
-Identify environmental issues in the community
-Appreciate the importance of managing and conserving the environment

- Learners plan for projects on environmental issues like waste management, tree planting, pollution control, or soil conservation
-Learners identify specific actions to take in the school neighborhood
-Learners create posters to inform community members on proper environmental management

How can we implement environmental conservation projects?

- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
-Project planning materials
-Poster materials
-Digital resources

- Project plan evaluation -Poster assessment -Observation