INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

Definition of Geography and environment.
Branches of Geography.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms Geography and environment.
Explain what the study of Geography entails.

Brainstorming,
Oral questions;
Brief discussion.

student book
student book, local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 1

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

Importance of studying Geography.
Relationship between Geography and other Disciplines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of studying Geography.

Detailed discussion on importance of knowledge, skills, positive values and attitudes gained in course of studying Geography.

local environment
Chart: relationship between Geography and other disciplines.

KLB BK I
Pg 2-3

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Careers related to Geography.
Composition of the Solar System.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify careers related to Geography.

Open discussion on careers related to Geography.

Career booklet.
Chart: the solar system & their relative sizes.

KLB BK I
Pg 3-4

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The origin of the solar system.
Other heavenly bodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain theories put forward to explain the origin of the earth.

Exposition of new concepts;
Brief description.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 7-8

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The origin and size of the earth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Advance postulates about origin and size of the earth.
Give reasons why the interior of the earth is known to be very hot.

Brain storming;
Exposition of factual information.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 12-13

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The shape of the earth.
The rotation of the earth on its axis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline proofs that the earth is spherical.

Brief discussion & illustrations.

Chart: mathematical data for planet earth.
The globe.

KLB BK I
Pg 13-15

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

Local time.
Time zones and the International Date Line.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate local time using longitudes.
Calculate the longitude of a place using local time.

Q/A: review the terms local time, GMT and direction of rotation of the earth.
Work through examples.
Supervised practice.
Written assignment.

The globe
The globe.

KLB BK I
Pg 18

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

The revolution of the earth round the sun.
Eclipses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe effects of revolution of the earth round the sun.

Exposition & detailed discussion on revolutionary movement of the earth.

student book
Charts-
Solar eclipse,
Annular solar eclipse,
Lunar eclipse.

KLB BK I
Pg 19

THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
WEATHER

The structure of the earth.
Definition and elements of weather. Temperature.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe internal and external structure of the earth.

Expository and descriptive approaches.

Model of the internal earth structure.
student book

KLB BK I
Pg 22-23

WEATHER

Humidity & Precipitation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between absolute and relative humidity.
Outline factors affecting humidity.
Identify forms of precipitation.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 26-27

WEATHER

Rainfall.
Clouds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rainfall as a form of precipitation.
Outline types of rainfall.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Brief discussion.

student book
school enviroment

KLB BK I
Pg 27-29

WEATHER

Atmospheric pressure & winds.
Weather station.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors influencing atmospheric pressure.
Differentiate between anabatic and katabatic winds.
Outline factors influencing wind direction.
Explain the role of wind as a medium of heat and moisture transfer.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams of land and sea breezes;
Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.

illustrative diagram
weather station

KLB BK I
Pg 29-30

WEATHER

Measuring temperature.
Measuring rainfall.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify thermometric liquids used in thermometers.
Calculate mean daily temperature and diurnal range of temperature given maximum and minimum daily temperatures.

Oral questions.


Problem solving.

Six?s Maximum & minimum thermometers.
Rainfall charts.

KLB BK I
Pg 34-36

WEATHER

Measuring atmospheric pressure.
Wind direction and intensity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a mercury barometer and the aneroid barometer.

Expository & descriptive approaches, and oral questions.

diagram
wind vane & wind sock

KLB BK I
Pg 37

WEATHER

The atmosphere.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the zones of the atmosphere.

Expository & descriptive approaches.

KLB BK I
Pg 41-42

WEATHER

Weather forecasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the importance of weather forecasting to humankind.

Q/A & brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 41-42

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Meaning and significance of statistics. Types, nature and sources of statistical data.
Collecting statistical data. -Questionnares.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define the term statistics.
Explain the significance of statistics in enhancing the study of geography.

Identify types, nature and sources of statistical data.

Q/A & brief discussion.




Exposition of new concepts & discussion.

illustrative chart
Sample questionnaires.

KLB BK I
Pg 449-50

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Collecting statistical data. -Interviews and observations.
Collecting statistical data. -Other methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of using interviews and observations to gather data.

Simulations;
Probing questions & explanations.

Grid square for sampling.

KLB BK I
Pg 51-52

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Recording data.
Statistical data analysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe methods and techniques of recording statistical data.

Probing questions, discussion.

charts
data

KLB BK I
Pg 55-57

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Find range, mean, mode and median of data.

Calculations: range, proportions, percentages, mean, median & mode.

calculator

KLB BK I
Pg 57-59

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Statistical data presentation in tables.
Simple line graph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Present statistical data in tabular form.

Merits & demerits of using statistical tables.

Give examples of statistical data in tabular form; e.g. rainfall of a place.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

data
chart

KLB BK I
Pg 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple bar graph.
Combined line graph and bar graph. (polygraph)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct and interpret a simple bar graph.
State merits & demerits of using simple bar graphs.

Guided practical activity: drawing a simple bar graph.
Oral questions and brief discussion.

Graph papers.

KLB BK I
Pg 62-63

STATISTICAL METHODS.
MAPS AND MAP WORK

Simple wind rose.
Maps, plans and pictures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits & demerits of using a wind rose.
Construct and make use of a simple wind rose.

Brief discussion.
Group activity (Assignment): construction of a simple wind rose.

diagram
maps, pictures.

KLB BK I
Pg 64-65

MAPS AND MAP WORK

Sketch maps.
Atlas maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify characteristics of a good sketch.
Sketch maps stating specific information.

Practical activity: drawing sketch maps.

maps
Atlases.

KLB BK I
Pg 69

MAPS AND MAP WORK

Topographic maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features on topographic maps.

Guided practical activity:
Identifying physical and human features on maps.

Topographic maps.

KLB BK I
Pg 69-70

MAPS AND MAP WORK

Uses of maps.
Marginal information on a map.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of maps.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

KLB BK I
Pg 69

MAPS AND MAP WORK

Map scales.
Measuring distances on maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a scale.
Identify types of scales.
Express a scale in another format.

Brainstorming, brief discussion, problem solving.

Topographical maps.
Topographical maps, pair of dividers, thread.

KLB BK I
Pg 73-76

MAPS AND MAP WORK
FIELDWORK

Calculation of area on maps.
Definition of field work, types and importance of fieldwork.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate area on a map.

Guided practical activities involving area.

Topographical maps.
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 79-80

FIELDWORK

Fieldwork procedure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fieldwork procedure.

Brain storming;
Probing questions on steps followed during fieldwork.
Detailed discussion.

local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 83-84

FIELDWORK

Hypothesis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline characteristics of a good hypothesis.
Formulate a hypothesis.

Exposition of new concept;
Oral exercise on formulation of hypotheses.

chart

KLB BK I
Pg 84-85

FIELDWORK

Reconnaissance.
Preparations before fieldwork.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the purpose of a reconnaissance.

Exposition of new concept;
Brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK I
Pg 87

FIELDWORK

Methods data of collection.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline various methods of data collection.
Identify specific methods for given types of field study.
State merits & demerits of each method.

Q/A to review methods of data collection;

Brief discussion.

Necessary equipment.

KLB BK I
Pg 87

FIELDWORK

Problems likely to be encountered in the field during fieldwork.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict problems that are likely to be encountered in the field in course of fieldwork.

Brainstorming & brief open discussion.

local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 88

FIELDWORK

Actual field study.
Interpretation of data collected.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Conduct a field study.

Identify the problem and objectives;
Prepare for the study;
Visit the area of study;
Gather data using suitable methods.

Questionnaires,
Cameras, labels, etc.
graphs

KLB BK I
Pg 88-92

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Characteristics of minerals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



List down characteristics of minerals.

Q/A: list down examples of minerals.
Brief discussion of their general characteristics.

local environment, chart

KLB BK I
Pg 94-96

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Igneous rocks.
Sedimentary rocks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe formation of igneous rocks.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
Give examples of igneous rocks.

Brief discussion.


Exposition & detailed discussion.

rocks
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 96-99

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Formation of sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphic rocks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe formation of sedimentary rocks.

local environment
Chart: match original and metamorphic rocks.

KLB BK I
Pg 100-2

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Distribution of rocks in Kenya.
Significance of rocks and minerals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the distribution of rocks in Kenya.

Descriptive approach.
Examine a map showing distribution of rocks.

map
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 104-6

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Fieldwork on rocks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out a fieldwork study on rocks.

Collect, examine and classify rocks.
Answer related problems.

local environment, map

KLB BK I
Pg 109-110

MINING

Occurrence of rocks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe occurrence of minerals in various forms.

Exposition and descriptive approaches.

KLB BK I
Pg 110-111

MINING

Exploitation of minerals.
Methods of mining.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting exploitation of minerals.

Probing questions & brief discussion.

student book
local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 111-2

MINING

Methods of mining. (ontd)
Types of minerals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe various methods of mining.

Exposition of new concepts.
Brief discussion.

pictures
student book

KLB BK I
Pg 113-4

MINING

Distribution of minerals in East Africa.
Significance of minerals in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Locate major mineral sites on the map of East Africa.

Draw the map of East Africa and locate major mineral sites.

Map of East Africa showing distribution of minerals.
student book

KLB BK I
Pg 116-7

MINING

Problems of mining in Kenya.
Effects of mining on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems facing mining industry in Kenya.

Q/A & brief discussion.

local environment

KLB BK I
Pg 118

MINING

Trona on Lake Magadi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the occurrence, exploitation and processing of trona on Lake Magadi.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.

Assignment.

Kenyan map

KLB BK I
Pg 120

MINING

Diamond in South Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe distribution and exploitation of gold and diamond in South Africa.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 121

MINING

Gold in South Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe distribution and exploitation of gold and diamond in South Africa.
Highlight problems encountered during exploitation of gold in South Africa.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 123-4

MINING

Petroleum in the Middle East. -Iraq & Iran

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe oil distribution and exploitation of petroleum in the middle East.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.

Assignment.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 125

MINING

Petroleum in the Middle East. -Kuwait & Saudi Arabia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe oil distribution and exploitation of petroleum in the middle East.

Exposition & descriptive approaches.

Assignment.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 126

MINING

Problems facing petroleum industry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight major problems facing petroleum industry.

global map, student book

KLB BK I
Pg 127