STATISTICAL METHODS.

Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.
Compound / Cumulative Bar Graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight steps followed when constructing compound / cumulative bar graphs
Interpret compound/ cumulative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of compound/ cumulative bar graphs.

Q/A to review basic statistical concepts, simple bar graphs;
Exposition of steps followed when constructing compound e bar graphs.
Probing questions & brief discussion.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 1-2

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - construction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Construct simple pie charts.

Students determine value of angles for the variables.
Guided activity &
Brief discussion.

Calculators.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 14

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Simple Pie charts (Divided Circle). - interpretation.
Proportional circles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Interpret simple pie charts
State advantages and disadvantages of simple pie charts.
Construct proportional circles.

Guided discovery;
Written exercise.

Calculators.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 8-11

MAP WORK.

Terms used & precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify terms used to describe physical features & human activities represented in a map.
Outline precautions observed when describing physical features & human activities.

Oral questions & detailed discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Geography
Book III
Pg 14-16

MAP WORK.

Physical features.
Relief features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify physical features.
Identify relief features on a map.

Brain storming on
features on topographical maps.
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Locating relief features;

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 16-19

MAP WORK.

Land forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify landforms on a topographical map using contours.
Identify types of vegetation on a topographical map.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Supervised practical activity.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 18-21

MAP WORK.

Watersheds.
Vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify watersheds on a map.
Identify types of vegetation.

Locating watersheds;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
Q/A & brief discussion: rolling, dissected, hilly landforms & valleys.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 23-25

MAP WORK.

Vegetation cover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Interpret vegetation cover in terms of amount of rainfall received in the area, and the types of soils in the area.

Locate forests, thickets, and riverine trees on a map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and the likely types of soils in specific parts of an area.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 25

MAP WORK.

Drainage.
Drainage patterns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify natural /artificial hydrographic features in a map.
Make deductions from the hydrographic features evident on the drainage of a given section in a map.
Describe drainage patterns of an area represented by a map.

Detailed discussion on drainage of sections in the map.
Deduce amount of rainfall received and nature of underground rocks, etc.
Oral questions & brief discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 27-30

MAP WORK.

Drainage features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify drainage features on a map.
Describe formation of drainage features.
Outline economic importance of drainage features.

Brief discussion & Q/A.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 30-31

MAP WORK.

Human and economic activities: Crop farming, livestock rearing & Mining & fishing.
Manufacturing, Processing & Tourism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of crop farming and livestock rearing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate presence of mining and fishing.
Identify clues on a map that indicate manufacturing, processing and tourism in an area.

Q/A & practical activities.
Group activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 31-32

MAP WORK.

Settlement and administration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors influencing settlement.
Identify types of settlement patterns.
Identify symbols for administrative boundaries.

Exposition of new concepts.

Probing questions and discussion.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 34

MAP WORK.

Transport & Communication.
Enlargement & Reduction of maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify modes of transport & communication of an area as depicted in a topographical map.
Enlarge / reduce a map or a section of a map using the square method.

Practical activities.
Brief discussion.
Explanations & practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 35

MAP WORK.

Sections and profiles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term section as used in mapwork.
Explain importance of sections in interpreting maps.
Draw various types of sections and profiles.

Exposition & brief discussion.

Guided practical activities.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 41-44

MAP WORK.

Vertical Exaggeration (VE), Gradient & Intervisibility.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate VE of a map.
Determine the steepness of a slope between two given points.
Determine whether two points in a map are intervisible.

Guided calculations.
Guided practical activities.

Practical activity to determine intervisibility.

Topographical maps.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 45-47

WEATHERING

Definition & Agents of weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define weathering.
Identify agents of weathering.
Explain factors that influence weathering.

Brain storming;
Q/A & detailed discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 54-55

WEATHERING

Physical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define physical weathering.
Explain major forms of physical weathering.

Oral questions, brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 55-59

WEATHERING

Chemical weathering.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain ways in which chemical weathering takes place.

Probing questions & discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 60-61

WEATHERING
MASS WASTING.

Biological weathering. Importance of weathering.
Factors influencing mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify agents of biological weathering.
Explain importance of weathering.
Define the term mass wasting & mass movement.
Explain factors that influence mass wasting.

Probing questions & discussion.
Q/A: review weathering.
Discussion: factors affecting nature or speed of mass wasting & movement.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 61-64

MASS WASTING.

Slow mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe slow processes of mass wasting.

Discussion: soil creep & talus creep.
Q/A: factors that may trigger slow mass wasting.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 66-68

MASS WASTING.

Rapid mass wasting.
Effects of mass wasting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rapid processes of mass wasting.
Explain effects of mass wasting on physical and human environment.

Exposition, Q/A & discussion.
Brief discussion.
Highlight positive and negative effects.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 68-71

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Input & output processes of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Identify input and output processes of the hydrological cycle.

Q/A: forms of precipitation.
Q/A & brief discussion on the major output processes.

Chart ? the hydrological cycle.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 73

THE HYDROLOGI-CAL CYCLE.

Internal transfer processes of the hydrological cycle.
Storage processes of the hydrological cycle. Significance of the hydrological cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe movement of water in the atmosphere, land and oceans.
Identify surface storages, ground water storage and the cyrosphere.
Explain the significance of the hydrological cycle.

Exposition of new terms & brief discussion.

Certificate Book III Geography
Pg 73

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Processes of wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Describe processes of wind erosion.

Discussion: abrasion, attrition & deflation processes of erosion.
Exposition of new concepts.

Map of Africa showing distribution of arid zones.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 137-139

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind erosion.

Explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 139-142

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Wind transportation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the ways in which wind transports its load.
State factors affecting wind transportation.

Exposition, explanations & illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 143-4

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind deposition.

Explain formation of wind deposition.

Exposition, explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 144-7

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Action of water in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
describe action of water in arid areas.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 147

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Resultant features of water action in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from action of water in arid areas.

Exposition, explanations and illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 147-152

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Significance of features in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of features formed by water and wind action in arid zones.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 152--3